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<!-- doc/src/sgml/release-11.sgml -->
<!-- See header comment in release.sgml about typical markup -->
<sect1 id="release-11-1">
<title>Release 11.1</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Release date:</title>
<para>2018-11-08</para>
</formalpara>
<para>
This release contains a variety of fixes from 11.0.
For information about new features in major release 11, see
<xref linkend="release-11"/>.
</para>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 11.1</title>
<para>
A dump/restore is not required for those running 11.X.
</para>
<para>
However, if you use the <filename>pg_stat_statements</filename> extension,
see the changelog entry below about that.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [350410be4] 2018-10-19 00:50:16 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [06292bb94] 2018-10-19 00:50:16 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [09397f0ed] 2018-10-19 00:50:17 -0400
-->
<para>
Ensure proper quoting of transition table names
when <application>pg_dump</application> emits <command>CREATE TRIGGER
... REFERENCING</command> commands (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This oversight could be exploited by an unprivileged user to gain
superuser privileges during the next dump/reload
or <application>pg_upgrade</application> run. (CVE-2018-16850)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Branch: master [dfa608141] 2018-11-03 13:25:19 -0300
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [33e6c34c3] 2018-11-03 13:25:29 -0300
-->
<para>
Apply the tablespace specified for a partitioned index when creating a
child index (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
Previously, child indexes were always created in the default
tablespace.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Thomas Munro <tmunro@postgresql.org>
Branch: master [1ce4a807e] 2018-11-03 11:05:35 +1300
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [fd6449aa3] 2018-11-03 11:08:03 +1300
-->
<para>
Fix NULL handling in parallel hashed multi-batch left joins (Andrew
Gierth, Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
Outer-relation rows with null values of the hash key were omitted from
the join result.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [14a158f9b] 2018-10-30 15:26:11 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [2bd6dcdef] 2018-10-30 15:26:11 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix incorrect processing of an array-type coercion expression
appearing within a <literal>CASE</literal> clause that has a constant
test expression (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
Branch: master [040a1df61] 2018-10-24 10:56:27 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [372102b81] 2018-10-24 10:57:35 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix incorrect expansion of tuples lacking recently-added columns
(Andrew Dunstan, Amit Langote)
</para>
<para>
This is known to lead to crashes in triggers on tables with
recently-added columns, and could have other symptoms as well.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [15c729347] 2018-11-04 13:25:39 -0500
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [4b0c3712c] 2018-11-04 13:25:39 -0500
Branch: master [9b6fb9fbb] 2018-11-04 14:50:55 -0500
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [d358da814] 2018-11-04 14:50:55 -0500
-->
<para>
Fix bugs with named or defaulted arguments in <command>CALL</command>
argument lists (Tom Lane, Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Branch: master [4c640f4f3] 2018-11-03 14:48:42 -0700
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [fd59b29c8] 2018-11-03 14:48:42 -0700
Branch: master [793beab37] 2018-11-03 15:55:23 -0700
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [6eb31cedb] 2018-11-03 16:00:00 -0700
-->
<para>
Fix strictness check for strict aggregates with <literal>ORDER
BY</literal> columns (Andrew Gierth, Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
The strictness logic incorrectly ignored rows for which
the <literal>ORDER BY</literal> value(s) were null.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [5d28c9bd7] 2018-11-06 18:33:28 -0500
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [05f84605d] 2018-11-06 18:33:33 -0500
-->
<para>
Disable <varname>recheck_on_update</varname> optimization (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This new-in-v11 feature turns out not to have been ready for prime
time. Disable it until something can be done about it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Branch: master [dc3e436b1] 2018-11-05 11:04:02 +0900
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [7c222d5e5] 2018-11-05 11:04:14 +0900
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [8aad248f7] 2018-11-05 11:04:20 +0900
-->
<para>
Prevent creation of a partition in a trigger attached to its parent
table (Amit Langote)
</para>
<para>
Ideally we'd allow that, but for the moment it has to be blocked to
avoid crashes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Branch: master [4bc772e2a] 2018-11-05 09:14:33 +0900
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [948af5232] 2018-11-05 09:15:08 +0900
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [70c38e708] 2018-11-05 09:15:25 +0900
-->
<para>
Fix problems with applying <literal>ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS</literal> to
a partitioned temporary table (Amit Langote)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [981dc2baa] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [bf4a9562e] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [f7ba6e951] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [73dbaed93] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [6e6092989] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [0ae902e39] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [33c697e9d] 2018-11-03 13:56:10 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix character-class checks to not fail on Windows for Unicode
characters above U+FFFF (Tom Lane, Kenji Uno)
</para>
<para>
This bug affected full-text-search operations, as well
as <filename>contrib/ltree</filename>
and <filename>contrib/pg_trgm</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [2ddb9149d] 2018-10-19 21:39:21 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [7aaeb7b45] 2018-10-19 21:39:21 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [3bdef6d21] 2018-10-19 21:39:21 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [cbab94077] 2018-10-19 21:39:22 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [f4941666a] 2018-10-19 21:39:22 -0400
-->
<para>
Ensure that the server will process
already-received <literal>NOTIFY</literal>
and <literal>SIGTERM</literal> interrupts before waiting for client
input (Jeff Janes, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [696b0c5fd] 2018-10-31 17:05:03 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [2493e2c2d] 2018-10-31 17:04:42 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [92e371f9b] 2018-10-31 17:04:43 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [558571afc] 2018-10-31 17:04:43 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [156a737a6] 2018-10-31 17:04:43 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [95015b1f8] 2018-10-31 17:04:43 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [82dd1c271] 2018-10-31 17:04:43 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix memory leak in repeated SP-GiST index scans (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This is only known to amount to anything significant in cases where
an exclusion constraint using SP-GiST receives many new index entries
in a single command.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Branch: master [691d79a07] 2018-10-31 15:46:39 -0700
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [c33a01c79] 2018-10-31 15:46:40 -0700
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [021e1c329] 2018-10-31 15:46:40 -0700
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [d35fd17cb] 2018-10-31 15:46:40 -0700
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [679cb44e4] 2018-10-31 15:46:40 -0700
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [cf358a2c0] 2018-10-31 15:46:40 -0700
-->
<para>
Prevent starting the server with <varname>wal_level</varname> set
to too low a value to support an existing replication slot (Andres
Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [4247db625] 2018-10-19 22:22:57 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [d30d27a52] 2018-10-19 22:22:57 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [ecc59e31a] 2018-10-19 22:22:57 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [34aad21cb] 2018-10-19 22:22:57 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [ac3be116a] 2018-10-19 22:22:57 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix <application>psql</application>, as well as documentation
examples, to call <function>PQconsumeInput()</function> before
each <function>PQnotifies()</function> call (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This fixes cases in which <application>psql</application> would not
report receipt of a <literal>NOTIFY</literal> message until after the
next command.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Branch: master [d55241af7] 2018-10-19 22:44:12 +0900
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [cc7f27eae] 2018-10-19 22:45:07 +0900
-->
<para>
Fix <application>pg_verify_checksums</application>'s determination of
which files to check the checksums of (Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
In some cases it complained about files that are not expected to have
checksums.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Branch: master [edb979766] 2018-09-25 09:55:44 +0900
Branch: REL_11_STABLE Release: REL_11_0 [a3bb831ef] 2018-09-25 09:56:41 +0900
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [90a1f9786] 2018-09-25 09:56:57 +0900
-->
<para>
In <filename>contrib/pg_stat_statements</filename>, disallow
the <literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> role from
executing <function>pg_stat_statements_reset()</function>
(Haribabu Kommi)
</para>
<para>
<literal>pg_read_all_stats</literal> is only meant to grant permission
to read statistics, not to change them, so this grant was incorrect.
</para>
<para>
To cause this change to take effect, run <literal>ALTER EXTENSION
pg_stat_statements UPDATE</literal> in each database
where <filename>pg_stat_statements</filename> has been installed.
(A database freshly created in 11.0 should not need this, but a
database upgraded from a previous release probably still contains
the old version of <filename>pg_stat_statements</filename>. The
<literal>UPDATE</literal> command is harmless if the module was
already updated.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [003c68a3b] 2018-11-06 13:25:24 -0500
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [1f28ec6be] 2018-11-06 13:25:24 -0500
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [b2e754c14] 2018-11-06 13:25:24 -0500
-->
<para>
Rename red-black tree support functions to use <literal>rbt</literal>
prefix not <literal>rb</literal> prefix (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This avoids name collisions with Ruby functions, which broke
PL/Ruby. It's hoped that there are no other affected extensions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [1440c461f] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [df1d749a7] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [229a5c8ad] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [401202b79] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [94ea1cf73] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [1b5e8b408] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [1aad3a724] 2018-11-02 18:54:00 -0400
Branch: master [e74dd00f5] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [d1e869d1e] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [34f9944c2] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [1b92ca9e2] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [021b355cd] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [0749acca5] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [015fd381f] 2018-10-18 14:55:23 -0400
Branch: master [68fc227dd] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [1a69f738d] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [ee6c08b01] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [5777a9ff8] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [d0ab588cc] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [486e6f8d9] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [19ac2cb2a] 2018-10-16 16:27:15 -0400
Branch: master [5e2217131] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE Release: REL_11_0 [9590f7d6c] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [736c3a48c] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [0a4456a70] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [6dc28d291] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [a5361b593] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [6019247a5] 2018-09-25 13:23:29 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix build problems on macOS 10.14 (Mojave) (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Adjust <application>configure</application> to add
an <option>-isysroot</option> switch to <varname>CPPFLAGS</varname>;
without this, PL/Perl and PL/Tcl fail to configure or build on macOS
10.14. The specific sysroot used can be overridden at configure time
or build time by setting the <varname>PG_SYSROOT</varname> variable in
the arguments of <application>configure</application>
or <application>make</application>.
</para>
<para>
It is now recommended that Perl-related extensions
write <literal>$(perl_includespec)</literal> rather
than <literal>-I$(perl_archlibexp)/CORE</literal> in their compiler
flags. The latter continues to work on most platforms, but not recent
macOS.
</para>
<para>
Also, it should no longer be necessary to
specify <option>--with-tclconfig</option> manually to get PL/Tcl to
build on recent macOS releases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
Branch: master [1df92eeaf] 2018-10-28 12:22:32 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [8cb5e67d1] 2018-10-28 12:23:19 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [a71f55652] 2018-10-28 12:25:10 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [9fd6d4eae] 2018-10-28 12:25:56 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [ba103dc87] 2018-10-28 12:26:05 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [698255147] 2018-10-28 12:26:14 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [075641fd0] 2018-10-28 12:27:58 -0400
-->
<para>
Fix MSVC build and regression-test scripts to work on recent Perl
versions (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
Perl no longer includes the current directory in its search path
by default; work around that.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Andrew Dunstan <andrew@dunslane.net>
Branch: master [ce5d3424d] 2018-10-20 09:02:36 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [a0a8671a6] 2018-10-20 09:10:02 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [f4b67efdc] 2018-10-20 09:10:18 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [42a93da25] 2018-10-20 09:10:54 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [cc02db82c] 2018-10-20 09:11:18 -0400
-->
<para>
On Windows, allow the regression tests to be run by an Administrator
account (Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
To do this safely, <application>pg_regress</application> now gives up
any such privileges at startup.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
Author: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Branch: master [5c2e0ca5f] 2018-10-31 08:35:50 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [58c45fdaa] 2018-10-31 08:36:06 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [671f43d88] 2018-10-31 08:36:15 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [bb761c6a0] 2018-10-31 08:36:22 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [811d8cb87] 2018-10-31 08:36:29 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [d651e9e7c] 2018-10-31 08:36:35 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [3bf4edace] 2018-10-31 08:36:41 -0400
Branch: master [13877d30f] 2018-10-19 17:01:34 -0400
Branch: REL_11_STABLE [d2259c26b] 2018-10-19 17:01:49 -0400
Branch: REL_10_STABLE [5777c93af] 2018-10-19 17:01:56 -0400
Branch: REL9_6_STABLE [185f135c9] 2018-10-19 17:02:05 -0400
Branch: REL9_5_STABLE [56170609b] 2018-10-19 17:02:12 -0400
Branch: REL9_4_STABLE [9abbfc35c] 2018-10-19 17:02:20 -0400
Branch: REL9_3_STABLE [84261eb10] 2018-10-19 17:02:26 -0400
-->
<para>
Update time zone data files to <application>tzdata</application>
release 2018g for DST law changes in Chile, Fiji, Morocco, and Russia
(Volgograd), plus historical corrections for China, Hawaii, Japan,
Macau, and North Korea.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="release-11">
<title>Release 11</title>
<formalpara>
<title>Release date:</title>
<para>2018-10-18</para>
</formalpara>
<sect2>
<title>Overview</title>
<para>
Major enhancements in <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 11 include:
</para>
<!-- Items in this list summarize one or more items below -->
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Improvements to partitioning functionality, including:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for partitioning by a hash key
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Add support for <literal>PRIMARY KEY</literal>, <literal>FOREIGN
KEY</literal>, indexes, and triggers on partitioned tables
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow creation of a <quote>default</quote> partition for storing
data that does not match any of the remaining partitions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>UPDATE</command> statements that change a partition key
column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate
partitions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improve <command>SELECT</command> performance through enhanced
partition elimination strategies during query planning and execution
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Improvements to parallelism, including:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>CREATE INDEX</command> can now use parallel processing
while building a B-tree index
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Parallelization is now possible in <command>CREATE TABLE
... AS</command>,
<command>CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</command>, and certain
queries using <literal>UNION</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Parallelized hash joins and parallelized sequential scans now
perform better
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
SQL stored procedures that support embedded transactions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Optional Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation for some SQL code, speeding
evaluation of expressions
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Window functions now support all framing options shown in the SQL:2011
standard, including <literal>RANGE <replaceable>distance</replaceable>
PRECEDING/FOLLOWING</literal>, <literal>GROUPS</literal> mode, and
frame exclusion options
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Covering indexes can now be created, using the
<literal>INCLUDE</literal> clause of <command>CREATE INDEX</command>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Many other useful performance improvements, including the ability to
avoid a table rewrite for <command>ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN</command>
with a non-null column default
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>
The above items are explained in more detail in the sections below.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Migration to Version 11</title>
<para>
A dump/restore using <xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"/>, or use of <xref
linkend="pgupgrade"/>, is required for those wishing to migrate data
from any previous release.
</para>
<para>
Version 11 contains a number of changes that may affect compatibility
with previous releases. Observe the following incompatibilities:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-22 [b3f840120] Move handling of database properties from pg_dumpall int
2018-01-23 [160a4f62e] In pg_dump, force reconnection after issuing ALTER DATAB
2018-01-25 [0d4e6ed30] Clean up some aspects of pg_dump/pg_restore item-selecti
-->
<para>
Make <link
linkend="app-pgdump"><application>pg_dump</application></link>
dump the properties of a database, not just its contents
(Haribabu Kommi)
</para>
<para>
Previously, attributes of the database itself, such as database-level
<command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> permissions and
<command>ALTER DATABASE SET</command> variable settings, were only
dumped by <link linkend="app-pg-dumpall"><application>pg_dumpall</application></link>.
Now <command>pg_dump --create</command> and
<command>pg_restore --create</command> will restore these database
properties in addition to the objects within the
database. <command>pg_dumpall -g</command> now only dumps role-
and tablespace-related attributes.
<application>pg_dumpall</application>'s complete output (without
<option>-g</option>) is unchanged.
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> and
<application>pg_restore</application>, without
<option>--create</option>, no longer dump/restore database-level
comments and security labels; those are now treated as properties of
the database.
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dumpall</application>'s output script will now always
create databases with their original locale and encoding, and hence
will fail if the locale or encoding name is unknown to the
destination system. Previously, <command>CREATE DATABASE</command>
would be emitted without these specifications if the database locale
and encoding matched the old cluster's defaults.
</para>
<para>
<command>pg_dumpall --clean</command> now restores the original
locale and encoding settings of the <literal>postgres</literal>
and <literal>template1</literal> databases, as well as those of
user-created databases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-06-18 [b97a3465d] Consider syntactic form when disambiguating function vs
2018-06-18 [45e98ee73] Remove obsolete prohibition on function name matching a
-->
<para>
Consider syntactic form when disambiguating function versus column
references (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
When <replaceable>x</replaceable> is a table name or composite
column, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has traditionally
considered the syntactic
forms <literal><replaceable>f</replaceable>(<replaceable>x</replaceable>)</literal>
and <literal><replaceable>x</replaceable>.<replaceable>f</replaceable></literal>
to be equivalent, allowing tricks such as writing a function and
then using it as though it were a computed-on-demand column.
However, if both interpretations are feasible, the column
interpretation was always chosen, leading to surprising results if
the user intended the function interpretation. Now, if there is
ambiguity, the interpretation that matches the syntactic form is
chosen.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-09-04 [fb466d7b5] Fully enforce uniqueness of constraint names.
-->
<para>
Fully enforce uniqueness of table and domain constraint names
(Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> expects the names of a table's
constraints to be distinct, and likewise for the names of a domain's
constraints. However, there was not rigid enforcement of this, and
previously there were corner cases where duplicate names could be
created.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-29 [61b200e2f] Avoid wrong results for power() with NaN input on some p
2018-04-29 [6bdf1303b] Avoid wrong results for power() with NaN input on more p
2018-05-17 [d1fc750b5] Make numeric power() handle NaNs according to the modern
-->
<para>
Make <function>power(numeric, numeric)</function>
and <function>power(float8, float8)</function>
handle <literal>NaN</literal> inputs according to the POSIX standard
(Tom Lane, Dang Minh Huong)
</para>
<para>
POSIX says that <literal>NaN ^ 0 = 1</literal> and <literal>1 ^ NaN
= 1</literal>, but all other cases with <literal>NaN</literal>
input(s) should return <literal>NaN</literal>.
<function>power(numeric, numeric)</function> just
returned <literal>NaN</literal> in all such cases; now it honors the
two exceptions. <function>power(float8, float8)</function> followed
the standard if the C library does; but on some old Unix platforms
the library doesn't, and there were also problems on some versions
of Windows.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-17 [e87d4965b] Prevent to_number() from losing data when template doesn
-->
<para>
Prevent <link
linkend="functions-formatting-numeric-table"><function>to_number()</function></link>
from consuming characters when the template separator does not
match (Oliver Ford)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, <command>SELECT to_number('1234', '9,999')</command>
used to return <literal>134</literal>. It will now
return <literal>1234</literal>. <literal>L</literal> and
<literal>TH</literal> now only consume characters that are not
digits, positive/negative signs, decimal points, or commas.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-18 [976a1a48f] Improve to_date/to_number/to_timestamp behavior with mul
-->
<para>
Fix <link
linkend="functions-formatting"><function>to_date()</function></link>,
<function>to_number()</function>, and
<function>to_timestamp()</function> to skip a character for each
template character (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, they skipped one <emphasis>byte</emphasis> for each byte
of template character, resulting in strange behavior if either string
contained multibyte characters.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-18 [63ca86318] Fix quoted-substring handling in format parsing for to_c
-->
<para>
Adjust the handling of backslashes inside double-quotes in
template strings for <function>to_char()</function>,
<function>to_number()</function>, and
<function>to_timestamp()</function>.
</para>
<para>
Such a backslash now escapes the character after it, particularly
a double-quote or another backslash.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-06-21 [e474c2b7e] Set correct context for XPath evaluation
-->
<para>
Correctly handle relative path expressions
in <function>xmltable()</function>, <function>xpath()</function>,
and other XML-handling functions (Markus Winand)
</para>
<para>
Per the SQL standard, relative paths start from the document node of
the XML input document, not the root node as these functions
previously did.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-18 [f8e5f156b] Rearm statement_timeout after each executed query.
-->
<para>
In the <link linkend="protocol-query-concepts">extended query
protocol</link>,
make <link linkend="guc-statement-timeout"><varname>statement_timeout</varname></link>
apply to each Execute message separately, not to all commands before
Sync (Tatsuo Ishii, Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-14 [f66e8bf87] Remove pg_class.relhaspkey
-->
<para>
Remove the <structfield>relhaspkey</structfield> column from system
catalog <structname>pg_class</structname> (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Applications needing to check for a primary key should consult
<structname>pg_index</structname>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-02 [fd1a421fe] Add prokind column, replacing proisagg and proiswindow
-->
<para>
Replace system catalog <structname>pg_proc</structname>'s
<structfield>proisagg</structfield> and
<structfield>proiswindow</structfield> columns with
<structfield>prokind</structfield> (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This new column more clearly distinguishes functions, procedures,
aggregates, and window functions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-16 [9b5140fb5] Correct representation of foreign tables in information
-->
<para>
Correct information schema column <link
linkend="infoschema-tables"><structname>tables</structname>.<structfield>table_type</structfield></link>
to return <literal>FOREIGN</literal> instead of <literal>FOREIGN
TABLE</literal> (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This new output matches the SQL standard.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-20 [be87b70b6] Sync process names between ps and pg_stat_activity
-->
<para>
Change the ps process display
labels for background workers to match the <link
linkend="pg-stat-activity-view"><structname>pg_stat_activity</structname>.<structfield>backend_type</structfield></link>
labels (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-09 [ae20b23a9] Refactor permissions checks for large objects.
2017-11-14 [6d776522d] Document changes in large-object privilege checking.
-->
<para>
Cause large object permission checks
to happen during large object open, <link
linkend="lo-open"><function>lo_open()</function></link>, not
when a read or write is attempted (Tom Lane, Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
If write access is requested and not available, an error will now be
thrown even if the large object is never written to.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-08-09 [87330e21c] Restrict access to reindex of shared catalogs for non-pr
-->
<para>
Prevent non-superusers from reindexing shared catalogs
(Michael Paquier, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
Previously, database owners were also allowed to do this, but
now it is considered outside the bounds of their privileges.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-06 [11523e860] Support new default roles with adminpack
-->
<para>
Remove deprecated <link
linkend="adminpack"><filename>adminpack</filename></link> functions
<function>pg_file_read()</function>,
<function>pg_file_length()</function>, and
<function>pg_logfile_rotate()</function> (Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Equivalent functionality is now present in the core backend.
Existing <filename>adminpack</filename> installs will continue to have
access to these functions until they are updated via <command>ALTER
EXTENSION ... UPDATE</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-26 [fb8697b31] Avoid unnecessary use of pg_strcasecmp for already-downc
-->
<para>
Honor the capitalization of double-quoted command options
(Daniel Gustafsson)
</para>
<para>
Previously, option names in certain SQL commands were forcibly
lower-cased even if entered with double quotes; thus for example
<literal>"FillFactor"</literal> would be accepted as an index storage
option, though properly its name is lower-case. Such cases will now
generate an error.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-29 [8b304b8b7] Remove replacement selection sort.
-->
<para>
Remove server parameter <varname>replacement_sort_tuples</varname>
(Peter Geoghegan)
</para>
<para>
Replacement sorts were determined to be no longer useful.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-26 [4971d2a32] Remove the obsolete WITH clause of CREATE FUNCTION.
-->
<para>
Remove <literal>WITH</literal> clause in <link
linkend="sql-createfunction"><command>CREATE
FUNCTION</command></link> (Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> has long supported a more
standard-compliant syntax for this capability.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-13 [4b93f5799] Make plpgsql use its DTYPE_REC code paths for composite-
-->
<para>
In PL/pgSQL trigger functions, the <varname>OLD</varname>
and <varname>NEW</varname> variables now read as NULL when not
assigned (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, references to these variables could be parsed but not
executed.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Changes</title>
<para>
Below you will find a detailed account of the changes between
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 11 and the previous major
release.
</para>
<sect3>
<title>Server</title>
<sect4>
<title>Partitioning</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-09 [1aba8e651] Add hash partitioning.
-->
<para>
Allow the creation of partitions based on hashing a key column
(Amul Sul)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-19 [8b08f7d48] Local partitioned indexes
2018-02-19 [eb7ed3f30] Allow UNIQUE indexes on partitioned tables
2018-03-26 [555ee77a9] Handle INSERT .. ON CONFLICT with partitioned tables
-->
<para>
Support indexes on partitioned tables (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera,
Amit Langote)
</para>
<para>
An <quote>index</quote> on a partitioned table is not a physical
index across the whole partitioned table, but rather a template for
automatically creating similar indexes on each partition of the
table.
</para>
<para>
If the partition key is part of the index's column set, a
partitioned index may be declared <literal>UNIQUE</literal>.
It will represent a valid uniqueness constraint across the whole
partitioned table, even though each physical index only enforces
uniqueness within its own partition.
</para>
<para>
The new command <link linkend="sql-alterindex"><command>ALTER
INDEX ATTACH PARTITION</command></link> causes an existing index on
a partition to be associated with a matching index template for its
partitioned table. This provides flexibility in setting up a new
partitioned index for an existing partitioned table.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-04 [3de241dba] Foreign keys on partitioned tables
-->
<para>
Allow foreign keys on partitioned tables (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-23 [86f575948] Allow FOR EACH ROW triggers on partitioned tables
-->
<para>
Allow <literal>FOR EACH ROW</literal> triggers on partitioned
tables (&Aacute;lvaro Herrera)
</para>
<para>
Creation of a trigger on a partitioned table automatically creates
triggers on all existing and future partitions.
This also allows deferred unique constraints on partitioned tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-08 [6f6b99d13] Allow a partitioned table to have a default partition.
2018-04-11 [72cf7f310] Fix ALTER TABLE .. ATTACH PARTITION ... DEFAULT
-->
<para>
Allow partitioned tables to have a default partition (Jeevan Ladhe,
Beena Emerson, Ashutosh Bapat, Rahila Syed, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
The default partition will store rows that don't match any of the
other defined partitions, and is searched accordingly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-19 [2f1784410] Allow UPDATE to move rows between partitions.
-->
<para>
<command>UPDATE</command> statements that change a partition key
column now cause affected rows to be moved to the appropriate
partitions (Amit Khandekar)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-06 [3d956d956] Allow insert and update tuple routing and COPY for forei
-->
<para>
Allow <command>INSERT</command>, <command>UPDATE</command>, and
<command>COPY</command> on partitioned tables to properly route
rows to foreign partitions (Etsuro Fujita, Amit Langote)
</para>
<para>
This is supported by <filename>postgres_fdw</filename>
foreign tables.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-02 [9aef17316] Refactor code for partition bound searching
2018-02-23 [f724022d0] Revise API for partition bound search functions.
2018-04-06 [9fdb675fc] Faster partition pruning
2018-04-23 [055fb8d33] Add GUC enable_partition_pruning
-->
<para>
Allow faster partition elimination during query processing (Amit
Langote, David Rowley, Dilip Kumar)
</para>
<para>
This speeds access to partitioned tables with many partitions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-07 [499be013d] Support partition pruning at execution time
-->
<para>
Allow partition elimination during query execution (David Rowley,
Beena Emerson)
</para>
<para>
Previously, partition elimination only happened at planning
time, meaning many joins and prepared queries could not use
partition elimination.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-15 [e139f1953] Assorted preparatory refactoring for partition-wise join
2017-10-06 [f49842d1e] Basic partition-wise join functionality.
2018-02-16 [2fb1abaeb] Rename enable_partition_wise_join to enable_partitionwis
-->
<para>
In an equality join between partitioned tables, allow matching
partitions to be joined directly (Ashutosh Bapat)
</para>
<para>
This feature is disabled by default
but can be enabled by changing <link
linkend="guc-enable-partitionwise-join"><varname>enable_partitionwise_join</varname></link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-26 [9fd8b7d63] Factor some code out of create_grouping_paths.
2018-03-22 [e2f1eb0ee] Implement partition-wise grouping/aggregation.
-->
<para>
Allow aggregate functions on partitioned tables to be evaluated
separately for each partition, subsequently merging the results
(Jeevan Chalke, Ashutosh Bapat, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This feature is disabled by default
but can be enabled by changing <link
linkend="guc-enable-partitionwise-aggregate"><varname>enable_partitionwise_aggregate</varname></link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-02 [7e0d64c7a] postgres_fdw: Push down partition-wise aggregation.
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="postgres-fdw"><filename>postgres_fdw</filename></link>
to push down aggregates to foreign tables that are partitions
(Jeevan Chalke)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Parallel Queries</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-02 [9da0cc352] Support parallel btree index builds.
-->
<para>
Allow parallel building of a btree index (Peter Geoghegan,
Rushabh Lathia, Heikki Linnakangas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-21 [180428404] Add parallel-aware hash joins.
-->
<para>
Allow hash joins to be performed in parallel using a shared hash
table (Thomas Munro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-05 [ab7271677] Support Parallel Append plan nodes.
2018-03-22 [88ba0ae2a] Consider Parallel Append of partial paths for UNION [ALL
-->
<para>
Allow <literal>UNION</literal> to run each
<command>SELECT</command> in parallel if the individual
<command>SELECT</command>s cannot be parallelized (Amit Khandekar,
Robert Haas, Amul Sul)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
same commits as above
2017-12-05 [ab7271677] Support Parallel Append plan nodes.
2018-03-22 [88ba0ae2a] Consider Parallel Append of partial paths for UNION [ALL
-->
<para>
Allow partition scans to more efficiently use parallel workers
(Amit Khandekar, Robert Haas, Amul Sul)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-29 [3452dc524] Push tuple limits through Gather and Gather Merge.
-->
<para>
Allow <literal>LIMIT</literal> to be passed to parallel workers
(Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This allows workers to reduce returned results and use targeted
index scans.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-16 [e89a71fb4] Pass InitPlan values to workers via Gather (Merge).
2018-03-29 [3f90ec859] Postpone generate_gather_paths for topmost scan/join rel
2018-03-29 [11cf92f6e] Rewrite the code that applies scan/join targets to paths
-->
<para>
Allow single-evaluation queries, e.g. <literal>WHERE</literal>
clause aggregate queries, and functions in the target list to be
parallelized (Amit Kapila, Robert Haas)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-15 [e5253fdc4] Add parallel_leader_participation GUC.
-->
<para>
Add server parameter <link
linkend="guc-parallel-leader-participation"><varname>parallel_leader_participation</varname></link>
to control whether the leader also executes subplans (Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
The default is enabled, meaning the leader will execute subplans.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-05 [e9baa5e9f] Allow DML commands that create tables to use parallel qu
-->
<para>
Allow parallelization of commands <command>CREATE TABLE
... AS</command>, <command>SELECT INTO</command>, and
<command>CREATE MATERIALIZED VIEW</command> (Haribabu Kommi)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-16 [3cda10f41] Use atomic ops to hand out pages to scan in parallel sca
-->
<para>
Improve performance of sequential scans with many parallel workers
(David Rowley)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-29 [bf11e7ee2] Propagate sort instrumentation from workers back to lead
-->
<para>
Add reporting of parallel workers' sort activity in
<command>EXPLAIN</command> (Robert Haas, Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Indexes</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-07 [8224de4f4] Indexes with INCLUDE columns and their support in B-tree
-->
<para>
Allow B-tree indexes to include columns that are not part of the
search key or unique constraint, but are available to be read by
index-only scans (Anastasia Lubennikova, Alexander Korotkov, Teodor
Sigaev)
</para>
<para>
This is enabled by the new <literal>INCLUDE</literal> clause of <link
linkend="sql-createindex"><command>CREATE INDEX</command></link>.
It facilitates building <quote>covering indexes</quote> that optimize
specific types of queries. Columns can be included even if their
data types don't have B-tree support.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-26 [2b2727343] Optimize btree insertions for common case of increasing
2018-04-10 [074251db6] Adjustments to the btree fastpath optimization.
-->
<para>
Improve performance of monotonically increasing index additions
(Pavan Deolasee, Peter Geoghegan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-22 [7c75ef571] hash: Implement page-at-a-time scan.
-->
<para>
Improve performance of hash index scans (Ashutosh Sharma)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-27 [3ad55863e] Add predicate locking for GiST
2018-03-30 [43d1ed60f] Predicate locking in GIN index
2018-04-07 [b508a56f2] Predicate locking in hash indexes.
-->
<para>
Add predicate locking for hash, GiST and GIN indexes (Shubham
Barai)
</para>
<para>
This reduces the likelihood of serialization conflicts in
serializable-mode transactions.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title><link linkend="spgist">SP-Gist</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-03 [710d90da1] Add prefix operator for TEXT type.
-->
<para>
Add prefix-match
operator <type>text</type> <literal>^@</literal> <type>text</type>,
which is supported by SP-GiST (Ildus Kurbangaliev)
</para>
<para>
This is similar to using <replaceable>var</replaceable> <literal>LIKE
'word%'</literal> with a btree index, but it is more efficient.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-25 [ff963b393] Add polygon opclass for SP-GiST
-->
<para>
Allow polygons to be indexed with SP-GiST (Nikita Glukhov,
Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-22 [854823fa3] Add optional compression method to SP-GiST
-->
<para>
Allow SP-GiST to use lossy representation of leaf keys (Teodor Sigaev,
Heikki Linnakangas, Alexander Korotkov, Nikita Glukhov)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Optimizer</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-22 [b5db1d93d] Improve ANALYZE's strategy for finding MCVs.
-->
<para>
Improve selection of the most common values for statistics
(Jeff Janes, Dean Rasheed)
</para>
<para>
Previously, the most common values (<acronym>MCV</acronym>s) were
identified based on their frequency compared to all column
values. Now, <acronym>MCV</acronym>s are chosen based on their
frequency compared to the non-<acronym>MCV</acronym> values.
This improves the robustness of the algorithm for both uniform and
non-uniform distributions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-13 [7d08ce286] Distinguish selectivity of &lt; from &lt;= and &gt; from &gt;=.
-->
<para>
Improve selectivity estimates for <literal>&gt;=</literal>
and <literal>&lt;=</literal> (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, such cases used the same selectivity estimates
as <literal>&gt;</literal> and <literal>&lt;</literal>, respectively,
unless the comparison constants are <acronym>MCV</acronym>s.
This change is particularly helpful for queries
involving <literal>BETWEEN</literal> with small ranges.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-08 [8ec5429e2] Reduce "X = X" to "X IS NOT NULL", if it's easy to do so
-->
<para>
Reduce <replaceable>var</replaceable> <literal>=</literal>
<replaceable>var</replaceable>
to <replaceable>var</replaceable> <literal>IS NOT NULL</literal>
where equivalent (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This leads to better selectivity estimates.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-29 [7ca25b7de] Fix neqjoinsel's behavior for semi/anti join cases.
-->
<para>
Improve optimizer's row count estimates for <literal>EXISTS</literal>
and <literal>NOT EXISTS</literal> queries (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-02 [7b6c07547] Teach planner to account for HAVING quals in aggregation
-->
<para>
Make the optimizer account for evaluation costs and selectivity
of <literal>HAVING</literal> clauses (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>General Performance</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-21 [432bb9e04] Basic JIT provider and error handling infrastructure.
2018-03-22 [b96d550eb] Support for optimizing and emitting code in LLVM JIT pro
2018-03-22 [cc415a56d] Basic planner and executor integration for JIT.
2018-03-26 [32af96b2b] JIT tuple deforming in LLVM JIT provider.
2018-03-27 [f4f5845b3] Quick adaption of JIT tuple deforming to the fast defaul
2018-03-28 [9370462e9] Add inlining support to LLVM JIT provider.
2018-09-15 [0fdadfb01] In v11, disable JIT by default (it's still enabled by de
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="jit">Just-in-Time</link>
(<acronym>JIT</acronym>) compilation of some parts of query plans
to improve execution speed (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This feature requires <application>LLVM</application> to be
available. It is not currently enabled by default, even in
builds that support it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-01 [7c70996eb] Allow bitmap scans to operate as index-only scans when p
-->
<para>
Allow bitmap scans to perform index-only scans when possible
(Alexander Kuzmenkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-29 [851a26e26] While vacuuming a large table, update upper-level <acronym>FSM</acronym> da
2018-03-30 [c79f6df75] Do index FSM vacuuming sooner.
-->
<para>
Update the free space map during <command>VACUUM</command>
(Claudio Freire)
</para>
<para>
This allows free space to be reused more quickly.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-04 [857f9c36c] Skip full index scan during cleanup of B-tree indexes wh
-->
<para>
Allow <command>VACUUM</command> to avoid unnecessary index scans
(Masahiko Sawada, Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-01 [baaf272ac] Use group updates when setting transaction status in clo
-->
<para>
Improve performance of committing multiple concurrent transactions
(Amit Kapila)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-08 [84ad4b036] Reduce memory usage of targetlist SRFs.
-->
<para>
Reduce memory usage for queries using set-returning functions in
their target lists (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-09 [69c3936a1] Expression evaluation based aggregate transition invocat
-->
<para>
Improve the speed of aggregate computations (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-07 [1bc0100d2] postgres_fdw: Push down UPDATE/DELETE joins to remote se
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="postgres-fdw"><filename>postgres_fdw</filename></link>
to push <command>UPDATE</command>s and <command>DELETE</command>s
using joins to foreign servers (Etsuro Fujita)
</para>
<para>
Previously, only non-join <command>UPDATE</command>s and
<command>DELETE</command>s were pushed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-21 [1cc4f536e] Support huge pages on Windows
-->
<para>
Add support for <firstterm>large pages</firstterm> on Windows
(Takayuki Tsunakawa, Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
This is controlled by the <link
linkend="guc-huge-pages">huge_pages</link> configuration
parameter.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Monitoring</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-01 [c039ba071] Add memory info to getrusage output
-->
<para>
Show memory usage in output from <link
linkend="runtime-config-statistics-monitor"><varname>log_statement_stats</varname></link>,
<varname>log_parser_stats</varname>,
<varname>log_planner_stats</varname>, and
<varname>log_executor_stats</varname> (Justin Pryzby, Peter
Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-29 [5373bc2a0] Add background worker type
-->
<para>
Add column <link
linkend="pg-stat-activity-view"><structname>pg_stat_activity</structname>.<structfield>backend_type</structfield></link>
to show the type of a background worker (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
The type is also visible in <application>ps</application> output.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-04 [ab6eaee88] When VACUUM or ANALYZE skips a concurrently dropped tabl
-->
<para>
Make <link
linkend="guc-log-autovacuum-min-duration"><varname>log_autovacuum_min_duration</varname></link>
log skipped tables that are concurrently being dropped (Nathan
Bossart)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect5>
<title><link linkend="infoschema-tables">Information Schema</link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-07 [32ff26911] Add more information_schema columns
-->
<para>
Add <literal>information_schema</literal> columns related to table
constraints and triggers (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Specifically,
<structname>triggers</structname>.<structfield>action_order</structfield>,
<structname>triggers</structname>.<structfield>action_reference_old_table</structfield>,
and
<structname>triggers</structname>.<structfield>action_reference_new_table</structfield>
are now populated, where before they were always null. Also,
<structname>table_constraints</structname>.<structfield>enforced</structfield>
now exists but is not yet usefully populated.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect5>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><acronym>Authentication</acronym></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-12 [83aaac41c] Allow custom search filters to be configured for LDAP au
-->
<para>
Allow the server to specify more complex <link
linkend="auth-ldap"><acronym>LDAP</acronym></link> specifications
in search+bind mode (Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, <literal>ldapsearchfilter</literal> allows pattern matching using
combinations of <acronym>LDAP</acronym> attributes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-03 [35c0754fa] Allow ldaps when using ldap authentication
2018-01-04 [3ad2afc2e] Define LDAPS_PORT if it's missing and disable implicit L
-->
<para>
Allow <acronym>LDAP</acronym> authentication to use
encrypted <acronym>LDAP</acronym> (Thomas Munro)
</para>
<para>
We already supported <acronym>LDAP</acronym> over
<acronym>TLS</acronym> by using <literal>ldaptls=1</literal>.
This new <acronym>TLS</acronym> <acronym>LDAP</acronym> method for
encrypted <acronym>LDAP</acronym> is enabled
with <literal>ldapscheme=ldaps</literal>
or <literal>ldapurl=ldaps://</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-12 [cf1238cd9] Log diagnostic messages if errors occur during LDAP auth
-->
<para>
Improve logging of <acronym>LDAP</acronym> errors (Thomas Munro)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Permissions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-06 [0fdc8495b] Add default roles for file/program access
2018-04-07 [da9b580d8] Refactor dir/file permissions
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="default-roles-table">default roles</link> that
enable file system access (Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, the new roles are:
<literal>pg_read_server_files</literal>,
<literal>pg_write_server_files</literal>, and
<literal>pg_execute_server_program</literal>. These roles now also
control who can use server-side <command>COPY</command> and the <link
linkend="file-fdw"><filename>file_fdw</filename></link> extension.
Previously, only superusers could use these functions, and that
is still the default behavior.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-06 [e79350fef] Remove explicit superuser checks in favor of ACLs
-->
<para>
Allow access to file system functions to be controlled by
<command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command> permissions,
rather than superuser checks (Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, these functions were modified: <link
linkend="functions-admin-genfile-table"><function>pg_ls_dir()</function></link>,
<function>pg_read_file()</function>,
<function>pg_read_binary_file()</function>,
<function>pg_stat_file()</function>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-09 [5ecc0d738] Restrict lo_import()/lo_export() via SQL permissions not
2017-11-14 [6d776522d] Document changes in large-object privilege checking.
-->
<para>
Use <command>GRANT</command>/<command>REVOKE</command>
to control access to <link
linkend="lo-import"><function>lo_import()</function></link>
and <function>lo_export()</function> (Michael Paquier, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, only superusers were granted access to these functions.
</para>
<para>
The compile-time option <literal>ALLOW_DANGEROUS_LO_FUNCTIONS</literal>
has been removed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-05 [ab3f008a2] postgres_fdw: Judge password use by run-as user, not ses
-->
<para>
Use view owner not session owner when
preventing non-password access to <link
linkend="postgres-fdw"><filename>postgres_fdw</filename></link>
tables (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> only allows superusers to
access <filename>postgres_fdw</filename> tables without
passwords, e.g. via <literal>peer</literal>. Previously, the
session owner had to be a superuser to allow such access; now
the view owner is checked instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-14 [50c6bb022] Fix enforcement of SELECT FOR UPDATE permissions with ne
-->
<para>
Fix invalid locking permission check in <command>SELECT FOR
UPDATE</command> on views (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title>Server Configuration</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-17 [8a3d94252] Add ssl_passphrase_command setting
-->
<para>
Add server setting <link
linkend="guc-ssl-passphrase-command"><varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname></link>
to allow supplying of the passphrase for <acronym>SSL</acronym>
key files (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Also add <link
linkend="guc-ssl-passphrase-command-supports-reload"><varname>ssl_passphrase_command_supports_reload</varname></link>
to specify whether the <acronym>SSL</acronym> configuration
should be reloaded and <varname>ssl_passphrase_command</varname>
called during a server configuration reload.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-20 [c2513365a] Parameter toast_tuple_target controls TOAST for new rows
-->
<para>
Add storage parameter <link
linkend="sql-createtable-storage-parameters"><varname>toast_tuple_target</varname></link>
to control the minimum tuple length before <acronym>TOAST</acronym>
storage will be considered (Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
The default <acronym>TOAST</acronym> threshold has not been
changed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-12 [6e7baa322] Introduce BYTES unit for GUCs.
2018-05-23 [b06d8e58b] Accept "B" in all memory-unit GUCs, and improve error me
-->
<para>
Allow server options related to memory and file sizes to be
specified in units of bytes (Beena Emerson)
</para>
<para>
The new unit suffix is <quote>B</quote>. This is in addition to the
existing units <quote>kB</quote>, <quote>MB</quote>, <quote>GB</quote>
and <quote>TB</quote>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="wal">Write-Ahead Log</link> (<acronym>WAL</acronym>)</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-19 [fc49e24fa] Make WAL segment size configurable at initdb time.
-->
<para>
Allow the <acronym>WAL</acronym> file size to be set
during <application>initdb</application> (Beena Emerson)
</para>
<para>
Previously, the 16MB default could only be changed at compile time.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-07 [4b0d28de0] Remove secondary checkpoint
-->
<para>
Retain <acronym>WAL</acronym> data for only a single checkpoint
(Simon Riggs)
</para>
<para>
Previously, <acronym>WAL</acronym> was retained for two checkpoints.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-30 [4a33bb59d] Ensure that WAL pages skipped by a forced WAL switch are
-->
<para>
Fill the unused portion of force-switched <acronym>WAL</acronym>
segment files with zeros for improved compressibility (Chapman
Flack)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Base Backup and Streaming Replication</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-07 [5dfd1e5a6] Logical decoding of TRUNCATE
2018-04-07 [039eb6e92] Logical replication support for TRUNCATE
-->
<para>
Replicate <command>TRUNCATE</command> activity when using logical
replication (Simon Riggs, Marco Nenciarini, Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-28 [1eb6d6527] Store 2PC GID in commit/abort WAL recs for logical decod
-->
<para>
Pass prepared transaction information to logical replication
subscribers (Nikhil Sontakke, Stas Kelvich)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-23 [8694cc96b] Exclude unlogged tables from base backups
2018-03-27 [920a5e500] Skip temp tables from basebackup.
2017-11-07 [98267ee83] Exclude pg_internal.init from BASE_BACKUP
-->
<para>
Exclude unlogged tables, temporary tables, and
<filename>pg_internal.init</filename> files from streaming base
backups (David Steele)
</para>
<para>
There is no need to copy such files.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-03 [4eb77d50c] Validate page level checksums in base backups
-->
<para>
Allow checksums of heap pages to be verified during streaming base
backup (Michael Banck)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-17 [9c7d06d60] Ability to advance replication slots
-->
<para>
Allow replication slots to be advanced programmatically, rather
than be consumed by subscribers (Petr Jelinek)
</para>
<para>
This allows efficient advancement of replication slots when the
contents do not need to be consumed. This is performed by
<function>pg_replication_slot_advance()</function>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-06 [6271fceb8] Add TIMELINE to backup_label file
-->
<para>
Add timeline information to the <link
linkend="backup-lowlevel-base-backup"><filename>backup_label</filename></link>
file (Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
Also add a check that the <acronym>WAL</acronym> timeline matches
the <filename>backup_label</filename> file's timeline.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-31 [9a895462d] Enhance pg_stat_wal_receiver view to display host and po
-->
<para>
Add host and port connection information to the
<structname>pg_stat_wal_receiver</structname> system view
(Haribabu Kommi)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Utility Commands</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-28 [16828d5c0] Fast ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN with a non-NULL default
-->
<para>
Allow <command>ALTER TABLE</command> to add a column with
a non-null default without doing a table rewrite (Andrew Dunstan,
Serge Rielau)
</para>
<para>
This is enabled when the default value is a constant.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-30 [34c20de4d] Allow to lock views.
2018-03-31 [1b26bd408] Fix bug with view locking code.
-->
<para>
Allow views to be locked by locking the underlying tables
(Yugo Nagata)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-06 [5b6d13eec] Allow SET STATISTICS on expression indexes
-->
<para>
Allow <command>ALTER INDEX</command> to set statistics-gathering
targets for expression indexes (Alexander Korotkov, Adrien Nayrat)
</para>
<para>
In <application>psql</application>, <literal>\d+</literal> now shows
the statistics target for indexes.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-03 [11d8d72c2] Allow multiple tables to be specified in one VACUUM or A
-->
<para>
Allow multiple tables to be specified in one
<command>VACUUM</command> or <command>ANALYZE</command> command
(Nathan Bossart)
</para>
<para>
Also, if any table mentioned in <command>VACUUM</command> uses
a column list, then the <command>ANALYZE</command> keyword must be
supplied; previously, <command>ANALYZE</command> was implied in
such cases.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-05 [854dd8cff] Add parenthesized options syntax for ANALYZE.
-->
<para>
Add parenthesized options syntax to <command>ANALYZE</command>
(Nathan Bossart)
</para>
<para>
This is similar to the syntax supported by
<command>VACUUM</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-14 [4de2d4fba] Explicitly track whether aggregate final functions modif
2017-10-16 [be0ebb65f] Allow the built-in ordered-set aggregates to share trans
-->
<para>
Add <command>CREATE AGGREGATE</command> option to specify the
behavior of the aggregate's finalization function (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This is helpful for allowing user-defined aggregate functions to be
optimized and to work as window functions.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Data Types</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-30 [c12d570fa] Support arrays over domains.
-->
<para>
Allow the creation of arrays of domains (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This also allows <function>array_agg()</function> to be used
on domains.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-26 [37a795a60] Support domains over composite types.
2017-10-26 [820c0305f] Support domains over composite types in PL/Tcl.
2017-10-28 [60651e4cd] Support domains over composite types in PL/Perl.
2017-11-16 [687f096ea] Make PL/Python handle domain-type conversions correctly.
-->
<para>
Support domains over composite types (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Also allow PL/Perl, PL/Python, and PL/Tcl to handle
composite-domain function arguments and results. Also improve
PL/Python domain handling.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-29 [c0cbe00fe] Add casts from jsonb
-->
<para>
Add casts from <type>JSONB</type> scalars to numeric and boolean data
types (Anastasia Lubennikova)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Functions</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-07 [0a459cec9] Support all SQL:2011 options for window frame clauses.
2018-02-24 [8b29e88cd] Add window RANGE support for float4, float8, numeric.
-->
<para>
Add all <link linkend="sql-window">window function</link> framing
options specified by SQL:2011 (Oliver Ford, Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, allow <literal>RANGE</literal> mode to use
<literal>PRECEDING</literal> and <literal>FOLLOWING</literal> to
select rows having grouping values within plus or minus the
specified offset. Add <literal>GROUPS</literal> mode to include plus
or minus the number of peer groups. Frame exclusion syntax was also
added.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-22 [10cfce34c] Add user-callable SHA-2 functions
-->
<para>
Add <acronym>SHA-2</acronym> family of hash functions (Peter
Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, <link
linkend="functions-binarystring-other"><function>sha224()</function></link>,
<function>sha256()</function>, <function>sha384()</function>,
<function>sha512()</function> were added.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-31 [81c5e46c4] Introduce 64-bit hash functions with a 64-bit seed.
-->
<para>
Add support for 64-bit non-cryptographic hash functions (Robert
Haas, Amul Sul)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-09 [11b623dd0] Implement TZH and TZM timestamp format patterns
-->
<para>
Allow <function>to_char()</function> and
<function>to_timestamp()</function> to specify the time zone's
offset from <acronym>UTC</acronym> in hours and minutes
(Nikita Glukhov, Andrew Dunstan)
</para>
<para>
This is done with format specifications <link
linkend="functions-formatting-datetime-table"><literal>TZH</literal></link>
and <literal>TZM</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-05 [1664ae197] Add websearch_to_tsquery
-->
<para>
Add text search function <link
linkend="textsearch-functions-table"><function>websearch_to_tsquery()</function></link>
that supports a query syntax similar to that used by web search
engines (Victor Drobny, Dmitry Ivanov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-07 [1c1791e00] Add json(b)_to_tsvector function
-->
<para>
Add functions <link
linkend="textsearch-functions-table"><function>json(b)_to_tsvector()</function></link>
to create a text search query for matching
<type>JSON</type>/<type>JSONB</type> values (Dmitry Dolgov)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server-Side Languages</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-30 [e4128ee76] SQL procedures
2018-02-22 [76b6aa41f] Support parameters in CALL
2018-03-14 [33803f67f] Support INOUT arguments in procedures
2018-04-14 [a8677e3ff] Support named and default arguments in CALL
2018-08-22 [e0dc839e7] Change PROCEDURE to FUNCTION in CREATE TRIGGER syntax
2018-08-22 [fd4417e8a] Change PROCEDURE to FUNCTION in CREATE OPERATOR syntax
-->
<para>
Add SQL-level procedures, which can start and commit their own
transactions (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
They are created with the new <link
linkend="sql-createprocedure"><command>CREATE
PROCEDURE</command></link> command and invoked via <link
linkend="sql-call"><command>CALL</command></link>.
</para>
<para>
The new <command>ALTER</command>/<command>DROP ROUTINE</command>
commands allow altering/dropping of all routine-like objects,
including procedures, functions, and aggregates.
</para>
<para>
Also, writing <literal>FUNCTION</literal> is now preferred
over writing <literal>PROCEDURE</literal> in <command>CREATE
OPERATOR</command> and <command>CREATE TRIGGER</command>, because the
referenced object must be a function not a procedure. However, the
old syntax is still accepted for compatibility.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-22 [8561e4840] Transaction control in PL procedures
2018-03-28 [d92bc83c4] PL/pgSQL: Nested CALL with transactions
2018-03-28 [056a5a3f6] Allow committing inside cursor loop
2018-04-05 [b981275b6] PL/pgSQL: Add support for SET TRANSACTION
-->
<para>
Add transaction control to PL/pgSQL, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Tcl,
and <acronym>SPI</acronym> server-side languages (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Transaction control is only available within top-transaction-level
procedures and nested <command>DO</command> and
<command>CALL</command> blocks that only contain other
<command>DO</command> and <command>CALL</command> blocks.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-13 [f9263006d] Support CONSTANT/NOT NULL/initial value for plpgsql comp
-->
<para>
Add the ability to define PL/pgSQL composite-type variables as not
null, constant, or with initial values (Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-13 [4b93f5799] Make plpgsql use its DTYPE_REC code paths for composite-
-->
<para>
Allow PL/pgSQL to handle changes to composite types (e.g. record,
row) that happen between the first and later function executions
in the same session (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, such circumstances generated errors.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-28 [3f44e3db7] Transforms for jsonb to PL/Python
-->
<para>
Add extension <filename>jsonb_plpython</filename> to
transform <type>JSONB</type> to/from PL/Python types (Anthony
Bykov)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-03 [341e16618] Transforms for jsonb to PL/Perl
-->
<para>
Add extension <filename>jsonb_plperl</filename> to transform
<type>JSONB</type> to/from PL/Perl types (Anthony Bykov)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Client Interfaces</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-17 [e3bdb2d92] Set libpq sslcompression to off by default
-->
<para>
Change libpq to disable compression by default (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
Compression is already disabled in modern OpenSSL versions, so that
the libpq setting had no effect with such libraries.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-25 [d22e9d530] Implement <literal>DO CONTINUE</literal> action for <literal>ECPG WHENEVER</literal> statement
-->
<para>
Add <literal>DO CONTINUE</literal> option
to <application>ecpg</application>'s <literal>WHENEVER</literal>
statement (Vinayak Pokale)
</para>
<para>
This generates a C <command>continue</command> statement, causing a
return to the top of the contained loop when the specified condition
occurs.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-14 [3b7ab4380] Add Oracle like handling of char arrays.
-->
<para>
Add an <application>ecpg</application> mode to enable Oracle
Pro*C-style handling of char arrays.
</para>
<para>
This mode is enabled with <option>-C</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Client Applications</title>
<sect4>
<title><xref linkend="app-psql"/></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-05 [49ca462eb] Add \gdesc psql command.
-->
<para>
Add <application>psql</application> command <literal>\gdesc</literal>
to display the names and types of the columns in a query result
(Pavel Stehule)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-12 [69835bc89] Add psql variables to track success/failure of SQL queri
-->
<para>
Add <application>psql</application> variables to report query
activity and errors (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, the new variables are <literal>ERROR</literal>,
<literal>SQLSTATE</literal>, <literal>ROW_COUNT</literal>,
<literal>LAST_ERROR_MESSAGE</literal>, and
<literal>LAST_ERROR_SQLSTATE</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-21 [d57c7a7c5] Provide a test for variable existence in psql
-->
<para>
Allow <application>psql</application> to test for the existence
of a variable (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
<para>
Specifically, the syntax <literal>:{?variable_name}</literal> allows
a variable's existence to be tested in an <literal>\if</literal>
statement.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-05 [5e8304fdc] In psql, use PSQL_PAGER in preference to PAGER, if it's
-->
<para>
Allow environment variable <envar>PSQL_PAGER</envar> to control
<application>psql</application>'s pager (Pavel Stehule)
</para>
<para>
This allows <application>psql</application>'s default pager to
be specified as a separate environment variable from the pager
for other applications. <envar>PAGER</envar> is still honored
if <envar>PSQL_PAGER</envar> is not set.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-23 [05b6ec39d] Show partition info from psql \d+
-->
<para>
Make psql's <literal>\d+</literal> command always show the table's
partitioning information (Amit Langote, Ashutosh Bapat)
</para>
<para>
Previously, partition information would not be displayed for a
partitioned table if it had no partitions. Also indicate which
partitions are themselves partitioned.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-29 [15be27460] Avoid misleading psql password prompt when username is m
-->
<para>
Ensure that <application>psql</application> reports the proper user
name when prompting for a password (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, combinations of <option>-U</option> and a user name
embedded in a <acronym>URI</acronym> caused incorrect reporting.
Also suppress the user name before the password prompt when
<option>--password</option> is specified.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-01 [df9f599bc] psql: Add quit/help behavior/hint, for other tool porta
-->
<para>
Allow <command>quit</command> and <command>exit</command> to
exit <application>psql</application> when given with no prior input
(Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
Also print hints about how to exit when <command>quit</command> and
<command>exit</command> are used alone on a line while the input
buffer is not empty. Add a similar hint for <command>help</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-02-12 [91389228a] psql: give ^D hint for \q in place where \q is ignored
-->
<para>
Make <application>psql</application> hint at using control-D
when <command>\q</command> is entered alone on a line but ignored
(Bruce Momjian)
</para>
<para>
For example, <command>\q</command> does not exit when supplied
in character strings.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-03 [2b8c94e1b] Improve tab-completion for ALTER INDEX RESET/SET.
-->
<para>
Improve tab completion for <command>ALTER INDEX
RESET</command>/<command>SET</command> (Masahiko Sawada)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-05 [722408bcd] Add infrastructure to support server-version-dependent t
-->
<para>
Add infrastructure to allow <application>psql</application>
to adapt its tab completion queries based on the server version
(Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
Previously, tab completion queries could fail against older servers.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="pgbench"><application>pgbench</application></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-09 [bc7fa0c15] Improve scripting language in pgbench
-->
<para>
Add <application>pgbench</application> expression support for
NULLs, booleans, and some functions and operators (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-22 [f67b113ac] Add \if support to pgbench
-->
<para>
Add <literal>\if</literal> conditional support to
<application>pgbench</application> (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-04 [9d36a3866] Adjust pgbench to allow non-ASCII characters in variable
-->
<para>
Allow the use of non-<acronym>ASCII</acronym> characters in
<application>pgbench</application> variable names (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-13 [591c504fa] Allow running just selected steps of pgbench's initializ
-->
<para>
Add <application>pgbench</application> option
<option>--init-steps</option> to control the initialization steps
performed (Masahiko Sawada)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-14 [1fcd0adeb] Add approximated Zipfian-distributed random generator to
-->
<para>
Add an approximately Zipfian-distributed random generator to
<application>pgbench</application> (Alik Khilazhev)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-26 [64f85894a] Set random seed for pgbench.
-->
<para>
Allow the random seed to be set in
<application>pgbench</application> (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-12-27 [7a727c180] Add pow(), aka power(), function to pgbench.
-->
<para>
Allow <application>pgbench</application> to do exponentiation
with <function>pow()</function> and <function>power()</function>
(Ra&uacute;l Mar&iacute;n Rodr&iacute;guez)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-21 [e51a04840] Add general purpose hasing functions to pgbench.
-->
<para>
Add hashing functions to <application>pgbench</application>
(Ildar Musin)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-04 [c23bb6bad] Fix some subtle problems in pgbench transaction stats co
2017-11-21 [16827d442] pgbench: fix stats reporting when some transactions are
-->
<para>
Make <application>pgbench</application> statistics more
accurate when using <option>--latency-limit</option> and
<option>--rate</option> (Fabien Coelho)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Server Applications</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-27 [3709ca1cf] pg_basebackup: Add option to create replication slot
-->
<para>
Add an option to <link
linkend="app-pgbasebackup"><application>pg_basebackup</application></link>
that creates a named replication slot (Michael Banck)
</para>
<para>
The option <option>--create-slot</option> creates
the named replication slot (<option>--slot</option>)
when the <acronym>WAL</acronym> streaming method
(<option>--wal-method=stream</option>) is used.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-07 [c37b3d08c] Allow group access on PGDATA
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="app-initdb"><application>initdb</application></link>
to set group read access to the data directory (David Steele)
</para>
<para>
This is accomplished with the new initdb option
<option>--allow-group-access</option>. Administrators
can also set group permissions on the empty data
directory before running initdb. Server variable <link
linkend="guc-data-directory"><varname>data_directory_mode</varname></link>
allows reading of data directory group permissions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-05 [1fde38bea] Allow on-line enabling and disabling of data checksums
2018-04-09 [a228cc13a] Revert "Allow on-line enabling and disabling of data che
-->
<para>
Add <link
linkend="pgverifychecksums"><application>pg_verify_checksums</application></link>
tool to verify database checksums while offline (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-25 [bf4a8676c] pg_resetwal: Allow users to change the WAL segment size
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="app-pgresetwal"><application>pg_resetwal</application></link>
to change the <acronym>WAL</acronym> segment size via
<option>--wal-segsize</option> (Nathan Bossart)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-24 [e22b27f0c] Add long options to pg_resetwal and pg_controldata
-->
<para>
Add long options to <application>pg_resetwal</application>
and <application>pg_controldata</application> (Nathan Bossart,
Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-29 [5f3971291] pg_receivewal: Add - -no-sync option.
-->
<para>
Add <link
linkend="app-pgreceivewal"><application>pg_receivewal</application></link>
option <option>--no-sync</option> to prevent synchronous
<acronym>WAL</acronym> writes, for testing (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-11 [6d9fa5264] pg_receivewal: Add - -endpos option
-->
<para>
Add <application>pg_receivewal</application> option
<option>--endpos</option> to specify when <acronym>WAL</acronym>
receiving should stop (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-01 [2e83db3ad] Allow pg_ctl kill to send SIGKILL.
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="app-pg-ctl"><application>pg_ctl</application></link>
to send the <literal>SIGKILL</literal> signal to processes
(Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
This was previously unsupported due to concerns over possible misuse.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-29 [266b6acb3] Make pg_rewind skip files and directories that are remov
-->
<para>
Reduce the number of files copied by <link
linkend="app-pgrewind"><application>pg_rewind</application></link>
(Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-09 [5d5aeddab] Make sure pg_rewind can't run as root
-->
<para>
Prevent <application>pg_rewind</application> from running as
<literal>root</literal> (Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<sect4>
<title><link linkend="app-pgdump"><application>pg_dump</application></link>,
<link linkend="app-pg-dumpall"><application>pg_dumpall</application></link>,
<link linkend="app-pgrestore"><application>pg_restore</application></link></title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-01 [84be67181] pg_dumpall: Add a -E flag to set the encoding, like pg_d
-->
<para>
Add <application>pg_dumpall</application> option
<option>--encoding</option> to control output encoding
(Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
<application>pg_dump</application> already had this option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-14 [23d7680d0] pg_dump: Add a - -load-via-partition-root option.
-->
<para>
Add <application>pg_dump</application> option
<option>--load-via-partition-root</option> to force loading of
data into the partition's root table, rather than the original
partition (Rushabh Lathia)
</para>
<para>
This is useful if the system to be loaded to has different collation
definitions or endianness, possibly requiring rows to be stored in
different partitions than previously.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-25 [1368e92e1] Support - -no-comments in pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore
-->
<para>
Add an option to suppress dumping and restoring database object
comments (Robins Tharakan)
</para>
<para>
The new <application>pg_dump</application>,
<application>pg_dumpall</application>, and
<application>pg_restore</application> option is
<option>--no-comments</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect4>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Source Code</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-07-31 [d06eebce5] Provide for contrib and pgxs modules to install include
2018-09-05 [235526a20] Allow extensions to install built as well as unbuilt hea
2018-09-07 [094ffd684] Refactor installation of extension headers.
2018-09-16 [f1ca5a654] Fix out-of-tree build for transform modules.
-->
<para>
Add <application>PGXS</application> support for installing include
files (Andrew Gierth)
</para>
<para>
This supports creating extension modules that depend on other
modules. Formerly there was no easy way for the dependent module to
find the referenced one's include files. Several
existing <filename>contrib</filename> modules that define data types
have been adjusted to install relevant files. Also, PL/Perl and
PL/Python now install their include files, to support creation of
transform modules for those languages.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-05 [1fd869066] Install errcodes.txt for use by extensions.
-->
<para>
Install <filename>errcodes.txt</filename> to allow extensions to access
the list of error codes known to <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
(Thomas Munro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-06 [1c53f612b] Escape &lt; and &amp; in SGML
2017-10-17 [c29c57890] Don't use SGML empty tags
2017-10-20 [1ff01b390] Convert SGML IDs to lower case
2017-11-23 [3c49c6fac] Convert documentation to DocBook XML
-->
<para>
Convert documentation to DocBook <acronym>XML</acronym> (Peter
Eisentraut, Alexander Lakhin, J&uuml;rgen Purtz)
</para>
<para>
The file names still use an <filename>sgml</filename> extension
for compatibility with back branches.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-22 [9a95a77d9] Use stdbool.h if suitable
2018-03-23 [7ba7986fb] Fix interaction of Perl and stdbool.h
2018-05-02 [6fe25c135] Change SIZEOF_BOOL to 1 for Windows.
-->
<para>
Use <filename>stdbool.h</filename> to define type <type>bool</type>
on platforms where it's suitable, which is most (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This eliminates a coding hazard for extension modules that need
to include <filename>stdbool.h</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-03 [a351679c8] Trivial adjustments in preparation for bootstrap data co
2018-04-08 [372728b0d] Replace our traditional initial-catalog-data format with
2018-04-17 [e90d4ddc6] Simplify genbki.pl's data quoting rules.
2018-04-17 [9ffcccdb9] Rationalize handling of array type names in bootstrap da
2018-04-17 [55d26ff63] Rationalize handling of single and double quotes in boot
2018-04-18 [5372c2c84] Improve error detection/reporting in Catalog.pm and genb
2018-04-26 [a0854f107] Avoid parsing catalog data twice during BKI file constru
2018-05-05 [d160882a1] Fix bootstrap parser so that its keywords are unreserved
-->
<para>
Overhaul the way that initial system catalog contents are defined
(John Naylor)
</para>
<para>
The initial data is now represented in Perl data structures, making
it much easier to manipulate mechanically.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-21 [846b5a525] Prevent extensions from creating custom GUCs that are GU
-->
<para>
Prevent extensions from creating custom server parameters that
take a quoted list of values (Tom Lane)
</para>
<para>
This cannot be supported at present because knowledge of the
parameter's property would be required even before the extension is
loaded.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-18 [9288d62bb] Support channel binding 'tls-unique' in SCRAM
2017-12-19 [4bbf110d2] Add libpq connection parameter "scram_channel_binding"
2018-01-04 [d3fb72ea6] Implement channel binding tls-server-end-point for SCRAM
-->
<para>
Add ability to use channel binding when using <link
linkend="auth-password"><acronym>SCRAM</acronym></link>
authentication (Michael Paquier)
</para>
<para>
Channel binding is intended to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks, but
<acronym>SCRAM</acronym> cannot prevent them unless it can be forced
to be active. Unfortunately, there is no way to do that in libpq.
Support for it is expected in future versions of libpq and in
interfaces not built using libpq, e.g. JDBC.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-05 [eed1ce72e] Allow background workers to bypass datallowconn
-->
<para>
Allow background workers to attach to databases that normally
disallow connections (Magnus Hagander)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-04 [f044d71e3] Use ARMv8 CRC instructions where available.
-->
<para>
Add support for hardware <acronym>CRC</acronym> calculations
on <productname>ARMv8</productname> (Yuqi Gu, Heikki Linnakangas,
Thomas Munro)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-04 [212e6f34d] Replace binary search in fmgr_isbuiltin with a lookup ar
-->
<para>
Speed up lookups of built-in functions by OID (Andres Freund)
</para>
<para>
The previous binary search has been replaced by a lookup array.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-11 [1de09ad8e] Add more efficient functions to pqformat API.
-->
<para>
Speed up construction of query results (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-13 [141fd1b66] Improve sys/catcache performance.
-->
<para>
Improve speed of access to system caches (Andres Freund)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-23 [a4ccc1cef] Generational memory allocator
-->
<para>
Add a generational memory allocator which is optimized for serial
allocation/deallocation (Tomas Vondra)
</para>
<para>
This reduces memory usage for logical decoding.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-22 [7c91a0364] Sync up our various ways of estimating pg_class.reltuple
-->
<para>
Make the computation of
<structname>pg_class</structname>.<structfield>reltuples</structfield>
by <command>VACUUM</command> consistent with its computation
by <command>ANALYZE</command> (Tomas Vondra)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-25 [46cda5bf7] Change pgindent/README to specify that we use perltidy v
2018-04-27 [a2ada08d4] perltidy: Don't write backup files
-->
<para>
Update to use <application>perltidy</application> version
<literal>20170521</literal> (Tom Lane, Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
<sect3>
<title>Additional Modules</title>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-21 [79ccd7cbd] pg_prewarm: Add automatic prewarm feature.
-->
<para>
Allow extension <link
linkend="pgprewarm"><filename>pg_prewarm</filename></link>
to restore the previous shared buffer contents on startup (Mithun
Cy, Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This is accomplished by having <filename>pg_prewarm</filename> store
the shared buffers' relation and block number data to disk
occasionally during server operation, and at shutdown.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-21 [be8a7a686] Add strict_word_similarity to pg_trgm module
-->
<para>
Add <link linkend="pgtrgm"><filename>pg_trgm</filename></link>
function <function>strict_word_similarity()</function> to compute
the similarity of whole words (Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
<para>
The function <function>word_similarity()</function> already
existed for this purpose, but it was designed to find similar
parts of words, while <function>strict_word_similarity()</function>
computes the similarity to whole words.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-19 [f24649976] Add citext_pattern_ops for citext contrib module
-->
<para>
Allow creation of indexes that can be used by <literal>LIKE</literal>
comparisons
on <link linkend="citext"><filename>citext</filename></link> columns
(Alexey Chernyshov)
</para>
<para>
To do this, the index must be created using the
<literal>citext_pattern_ops</literal> operator class.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-05 [f4cd7102b] Add support of bool, bpchar, name and uuid to btree_gin
-->
<para>
Allow <link
linkend="btree-gin"><filename>btree_gin</filename></link>
to index <type>bool</type>, <type>bpchar</type>, <type>name</type>
and <type>uuid</type> data types (Matheus Oliveira)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-20 [de1d042f5] Support index-only scans in contrib/cube and contrib/seg
-->
<para>
Allow <link linkend="cube"><filename>cube</filename></link>
and <link linkend="seg"><filename>seg</filename></link>
extensions to perform index-only scans using GiST indexes
(Andrey Borodin)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-01-11 [f50c80dbb] llow negative coordinate for ~&gt; (cube, int) operator
-->
<para>
Allow retrieval of negative cube coordinates using
the <literal>~&gt;</literal> operator (Alexander Korotkov)
</para>
<para>
This is useful for KNN-GiST searches when looking for coordinates in
descending order.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-08-16 [ec0a69e49] Extend the default rules file for contrib/unaccent with
-->
<para>
Add Vietnamese letter handling to the <link
linkend="unaccent"><filename>unaccent</filename></link>
extension (Dang Minh Huong, Michael Paquier)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-03-31 [7f563c09f] Add amcheck verification of heap relations belonging to
-->
<para>
Enhance <link
linkend="amcheck"><filename>amcheck</filename></link>
to check that each heap tuple has an index entry (Peter Geoghegan)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2018-04-06 [11523e860] Support new default roles with adminpack
-->
<para>
Have <link
linkend="adminpack"><filename>adminpack</filename></link>
use the new default file system access roles (Stephen Frost)
</para>
<para>
Previously, only superusers could call <filename>adminpack</filename>
functions; now role permissions are checked.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-10-11 [cff440d36] pg_stat_statements: Widen query IDs from 32 bits to 64 b
-->
<para>
Widen <structname>pg_stat_statement</structname>'s query ID
to 64 bits (Robert Haas)
</para>
<para>
This greatly reduces the chance of query ID hash collisions.
The query ID can now potentially display as a negative value.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-11-17 [527878635] Remove contrib/start-scripts/osx/.
-->
<para>
Remove the <filename>contrib/start-scripts/osx</filename> scripts
since they are no longer recommended
(use <filename>contrib/start-scripts/macos</filename> instead)
(Tom Lane)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<!--
2017-09-22 [5d3cad564] Remove contrib/chkpass
-->
<para>
Remove the <filename>chkpass</filename> extension (Peter Eisentraut)
</para>
<para>
This extension is no longer considered to be a usable security tool
or example of how to write an extension.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
<title>Acknowledgments</title>
<para>
The following individuals (in alphabetical order) have contributed to this
release as patch authors, committers, reviewers, testers, or reporters of
issues.
</para>
<simplelist>
<member>Abhijit Menon-Sen</member>
<member>Adam Bielanski</member>
<member>Adam Brightwell</member>
<member>Adam Brusselback</member>
<member>Aditya Toshniwal</member>
<member>Adrián Escoms</member>
<member>Adrien Nayrat</member>
<member>Akos Vandra</member>
<member>Aleksander Alekseev</member>
<member>Aleksandr Parfenov</member>
<member>Alexander Korotkov</member>
<member>Alexander Kukushkin</member>
<member>Alexander Kuzmenkov</member>
<member>Alexander Lakhin</member>
<member>Alexandre Garcia</member>
<member>Alexey Bashtanov</member>
<member>Alexey Chernyshov</member>
<member>Alexey Kryuchkov</member>
<member>Alik Khilazhev</member>
<member>Álvaro Herrera</member>
<member>Amit Kapila</member>
<member>Amit Khandekar</member>
<member>Amit Langote</member>
<member>Amul Sul</member>
<member>Anastasia Lubennikova</member>
<member>Andreas Joseph Krogh</member>
<member>Andreas Karlsson</member>
<member>Andreas Seltenreich</member>
<member>André Hänsel</member>
<member>Andrei Gorita</member>
<member>Andres Freund</member>
<member>Andrew Dunstan</member>
<member>Andrew Fletcher</member>
<member>Andrew Gierth</member>
<member>Andrew Grossman</member>
<member>Andrew Krasichkov</member>
<member>Andrey Borodin</member>
<member>Andrey Lizenko</member>
<member>Andy Abelisto</member>
<member>Anthony Bykov</member>
<member>Antoine Scemama</member>
<member>Anton Dignös</member>
<member>Antonin Houska</member>
<member>Arseniy Sharoglazov</member>
<member>Arseny Sher</member>
<member>Arthur Zakirov</member>
<member>Ashutosh Bapat</member>
<member>Ashutosh Sharma</member>
<member>Ashwin Agrawal</member>
<member>Asim Praveen</member>
<member>Atsushi Torikoshi</member>
<member>Badrul Chowdhury</member>
<member>Balazs Szilfai</member>
<member>Basil Bourque</member>
<member>Beena Emerson</member>
<member>Ben Chobot</member>
<member>Benjamin Coutu</member>
<member>Bernd Helmle</member>
<member>Blaz Merela</member>
<member>Brad DeJong</member>
<member>Brent Dearth</member>
<member>Brian Cloutier</member>
<member>Bruce Momjian</member>
<member>Catalin Iacob</member>
<member>Chad Trabant</member>
<member>Chapman Flack</member>
<member>Christian Duta</member>
<member>Christian Ullrich</member>
<member>Christoph Berg</member>
<member>Christoph Dreis</member>
<member>Christophe Courtois</member>
<member>Christopher Jones</member>
<member>Claudio Freire</member>
<member>Clayton Salem</member>
<member>Craig Ringer</member>
<member>Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker</member>
<member>Dan Vianello</member>
<member>Dan Watson</member>
<member>Dang Minh Huong</member>
<member>Daniel Gustafsson</member>
<member>Daniel Vérité</member>
<member>Daniel Westermann</member>
<member>Daniel Wood</member>
<member>Darafei Praliaskouski</member>
<member>Dave Cramer</member>
<member>Dave Page</member>
<member>David Binderman</member>
<member>David Carlier</member>
<member>David Fetter</member>
<member>David G. Johnston</member>
<member>David Gould</member>
<member>David Hinkle</member>
<member>David Pereiro Lagares</member>
<member>David Rader</member>
<member>David Rowley</member>
<member>David Steele</member>
<member>Davy Machado</member>
<member>Dean Rasheed</member>
<member>Dian Fay</member>
<member>Dilip Kumar</member>
<member>Dmitriy Sarafannikov</member>
<member>Dmitry Dolgov</member>
<member>Dmitry Ivanov</member>
<member>Dmitry Shalashov</member>
<member>Don Seiler</member>
<member>Doug Doole</member>
<member>Doug Rady</member>
<member>Edmund Horner</member>
<member>Eiji Seki</member>
<member>Elvis Pranskevichus</member>
<member>Emre Hasegeli</member>
<member>Erik Rijkers</member>
<member>Erwin Brandstetter</member>
<member>Etsuro Fujita</member>
<member>Euler Taveira</member>
<member>Everaldo Canuto</member>
<member>Fabien Coelho</member>
<member>Fabrízio de Royes Mello</member>
<member>Feike Steenbergen</member>
<member>Frits Jalvingh</member>
<member>Fujii Masao</member>
<member>Gao Zengqi</member>
<member>Gianni Ciolli</member>
<member>Greg Stark</member>
<member>Gunnlaugur Thor Briem</member>
<member>Guo Xiang Tan</member>
<member>Hadi Moshayedi</member>
<member>Hailong Li</member>
<member>Haribabu Kommi</member>
<member>Heath Lord</member>
<member>Heikki Linnakangas</member>
<member>Hugo Mercier</member>
<member>Igor Korot</member>
<member>Igor Neyman</member>
<member>Ildar Musin</member>
<member>Ildus Kurbangaliev</member>
<member>Ioseph Kim</member>
<member>Jacob Champion</member>
<member>Jaime Casanova</member>
<member>Jakob Egger</member>
<member>Jean-Pierre Pelletier</member>
<member>Jeevan Chalke</member>
<member>Jeevan Ladhe</member>
<member>Jeff Davis</member>
<member>Jeff Janes</member>
<member>Jeremy Evans</member>
<member>Jeremy Finzel</member>
<member>Jeremy Schneider</member>
<member>Jesper Pedersen</member>
<member>Jim Nasby</member>
<member>Jimmy Yih</member>
<member>Jing Wang</member>
<member>Jobin Augustine</member>
<member>Joe Conway</member>
<member>John Gorman</member>
<member>John Naylor</member>
<member>Jon Nelson</member>
<member>Jon Wolski</member>
<member>Jonathan Allen</member>
<member>Jonathan S. Katz</member>
<member>Julien Rouhaud</member>
<member>Jürgen Purtz</member>
<member>Justin Pryzby</member>
<member>KaiGai Kohei</member>
<member>Kaiting Chen</member>
<member>Karl Lehenbauer</member>
<member>Keith Fiske</member>
<member>Kevin Bloch</member>
<member>Kha Nguyen</member>
<member>Kim Rose Carlsen</member>
<member>Konstantin Knizhnik</member>
<member>Kuntal Ghosh</member>
<member>Kyle Samson</member>
<member>Kyotaro Horiguchi</member>
<member>Lætitia Avrot</member>
<member>Lars Kanis</member>
<member>Laurenz Albe</member>
<member>Leonardo Cecchi</member>
<member>Liudmila Mantrova</member>
<member>Lixian Zou</member>
<member>Lloyd Albin</member>
<member>Luca Ferrari</member>
<member>Lucas Fairchild</member>
<member>Lukas Eder</member>
<member>Lukas Fittl</member>
<member>Magnus Hagander</member>
<member>Mai Peng</member>
<member>Maksim Milyutin</member>
<member>Maksym Boguk</member>
<member>Mansur Galiev</member>
<member>Marc Dilger</member>
<member>Marco Nenciarini</member>
<member>Marina Polyakova</member>
<member>Mario de Frutos Dieguez</member>
<member>Mark Cave-Ayland</member>
<member>Mark Dilger</member>
<member>Mark Wood</member>
<member>Marko Tiikkaja</member>
<member>Markus Winand</member>
<member>Martín Marqués</member>
<member>Masahiko Sawada</member>
<member>Matheus Oliveira</member>
<member>Matthew Stickney</member>
<member>Metin Doslu</member>
<member>Michael Banck</member>
<member>Michael Meskes</member>
<member>Michael Paquier</member>
<member>Michail Nikolaev</member>
<member>Mike Blackwell</member>
<member>Minh-Quan Tran</member>
<member>Mithun Cy</member>
<member>Morgan Owens</member>
<member>Nathan Bossart</member>
<member>Nathan Wagner</member>
<member>Neil Conway</member>
<member>Nick Barnes</member>
<member>Nicolas Thauvin</member>
<member>Nikhil Sontakke</member>
<member>Nikita Glukhov</member>
<member>Nikolay Shaplov</member>
<member>Noah Misch</member>
<member>Noriyoshi Shinoda</member>
<member>Oleg Bartunov</member>
<member>Oleg Samoilov</member>
<member>Oliver Ford</member>
<member>Pan Bian</member>
<member>Pascal Legrand</member>
<member>Patrick Hemmer</member>
<member>Patrick Krecker</member>
<member>Paul Bonaud</member>
<member>Paul Guo</member>
<member>Paul Ramsey</member>
<member>Pavan Deolasee</member>
<member>Pavan Maddamsetti</member>
<member>Pavel Golub</member>
<member>Pavel Stehule</member>
<member>Peter Eisentraut</member>
<member>Peter Geoghegan</member>
<member>Petr Jelínek</member>
<member>Petru-Florin Mihancea</member>
<member>Phil Florent</member>
<member>Philippe Beaudoin</member>
<member>Pierre Ducroquet</member>
<member>Piotr Stefaniak</member>
<member>Prabhat Sahu</member>
<member>Pu Qun</member>
<member>QL Zhuo</member>
<member>Rafia Sabih</member>
<member>Rahila Syed</member>
<member>Rainer Orth</member>
<member>Rajkumar Raghuwanshi</member>
<member>Raúl Marín Rodríguez</member>
<member>Regina Obe</member>
<member>Richard Yen</member>
<member>Robert Haas</member>
<member>Robins Tharakan</member>
<member>Rod Taylor</member>
<member>Rushabh Lathia</member>
<member>Ryan Murphy</member>
<member>Sahap Asci</member>
<member>Samuel Horwitz</member>
<member>Scott Ure</member>
<member>Sean Johnston</member>
<member>Shao Bret</member>
<member>Shay Rojansky</member>
<member>Shubham Barai</member>
<member>Simon Riggs</member>
<member>Simone Gotti</member>
<member>Sivasubramanian Ramasubramanian</member>
<member>Stas Kelvich</member>
<member>Stefan Kaltenbrunner</member>
<member>Stephen Froehlich</member>
<member>Stephen Frost</member>
<member>Steve Singer</member>
<member>Steven Winfield</member>
<member>Sven Kunze</member>
<member>Taiki Kondo</member>
<member>Takayuki Tsunakawa</member>
<member>Takeshi Ideriha</member>
<member>Tatsuo Ishii</member>
<member>Tatsuro Yamada</member>
<member>Teodor Sigaev</member>
<member>Thom Brown</member>
<member>Thomas Kellerer</member>
<member>Thomas Munro</member>
<member>Thomas Reiss</member>
<member>Tobias Bussmann</member>
<member>Todd A. Cook</member>
<member>Tom Kazimiers</member>
<member>Tom Lane</member>
<member>Tomas Vondra</member>
<member>Tomonari Katsumata</member>
<member>Torsten Grust</member>
<member>Tushar Ahuja</member>
<member>Vaishnavi Prabakaran</member>
<member>Vasundhar Boddapati</member>
<member>Victor Drobny</member>
<member>Victor Wagner</member>
<member>Victor Yegorov</member>
<member>Vik Fearing</member>
<member>Vinayak Pokale</member>
<member>Vincent Lachenal</member>
<member>Vitaliy Garnashevich</member>
<member>Vitaly Burovoy</member>
<member>Vladimir Baranoff</member>
<member>Xin Zhang</member>
<member>Yi Wen Wong</member>
<member>Yorick Peterse</member>
<member>Yugo Nagata</member>
<member>Yuqi Gu</member>
<member>Yura Sokolov</member>
<member>Yves Goergen</member>
<member>Zhou Digoal</member>
</simplelist>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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