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344d62fb9a
Add support for unlogged sequences. Unlike for unlogged tables, this is not a performance feature. It allows sequences associated with unlogged tables to be excluded from replication. A new subcommand ALTER SEQUENCE ... SET LOGGED/UNLOGGED is added. An identity/serial sequence now automatically gets and follows the persistence level (logged/unlogged) of its owning table. (The sequences owned by temporary tables were already temporary through the separate mechanism in RangeVarAdjustRelationPersistence().) But you can still change the persistence of an owned sequence separately. Also, pg_dump and pg_upgrade preserve the persistence of existing sequences. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/04e12818-2f98-257c-b926-2845d74ed04f%402ndquadrant.com
1546 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
1546 lines
60 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
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PostgreSQL documentation
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-->
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<refentry id="app-pgdump">
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<indexterm zone="app-pgdump">
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<primary>pg_dump</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle><application>pg_dump</application></refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>pg_dump</refname>
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<refpurpose>
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extract a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database into a script file or other archive file
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</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_dump</command>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>connection-option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg rep="repeat"><replaceable>option</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="opt"><replaceable>dbname</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id="pg-dump-description">
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<application>pg_dump</application> is a utility for backing up a
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database. It makes consistent
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backups even if the database is being used concurrently.
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<application>pg_dump</application> does not block other users
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accessing the database (readers or writers).
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</para>
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<para>
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<application>pg_dump</application> only dumps a single database.
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To back up an entire cluster, or to back up global objects that are
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common to all databases in a cluster (such as roles and tablespaces),
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use <xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"/>.
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</para>
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<para>
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Dumps can be output in script or archive file formats. Script
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dumps are plain-text files containing the SQL commands required
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to reconstruct the database to the state it was in at the time it was
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saved. To restore from such a script, feed it to <xref
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linkend="app-psql"/>. Script files
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can be used to reconstruct the database even on other machines and
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other architectures; with some modifications, even on other SQL
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database products.
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</para>
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<para>
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The alternative archive file formats must be used with
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<xref linkend="app-pgrestore"/> to rebuild the database. They
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allow <application>pg_restore</application> to be selective about
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what is restored, or even to reorder the items prior to being
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restored.
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The archive file formats are designed to be portable across
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architectures.
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</para>
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<para>
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When used with one of the archive file formats and combined with
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<application>pg_restore</application>,
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<application>pg_dump</application> provides a flexible archival and
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transfer mechanism. <application>pg_dump</application> can be used to
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backup an entire database, then <application>pg_restore</application>
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can be used to examine the archive and/or select which parts of the
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database are to be restored. The most flexible output file formats are
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the <quote>custom</quote> format (<option>-Fc</option>) and the
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<quote>directory</quote> format (<option>-Fd</option>). They allow
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for selection and reordering of all archived items, support parallel
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restoration, and are compressed by default. The <quote>directory</quote>
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format is the only format that supports parallel dumps.
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</para>
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<para>
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While running <application>pg_dump</application>, one should examine the
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output for any warnings (printed on standard error), especially in
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light of the limitations listed below.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="pg-dump-options">
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<title>Options</title>
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<para>
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The following command-line options control the content and
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format of the output.
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the name of the database to be dumped. If this is
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not specified, the environment variable
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<envar>PGDATABASE</envar> is used. If that is not set, the
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user name specified for the connection is used.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option></term>
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<term><option>--data-only</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
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Table data, large objects, and sequence values are dumped.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical
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to, specifying <option>--section=data</option>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-b</option></term>
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<term><option>--blobs</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Include large objects in the dump. This is the default behavior
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except when <option>--schema</option>, <option>--table</option>, or
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<option>--schema-only</option> is specified. The <option>-b</option>
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switch is therefore only useful to add large objects to dumps
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where a specific schema or table has been requested. Note that
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blobs are considered data and therefore will be included when
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<option>--data-only</option> is used, but not
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when <option>--schema-only</option> is.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-B</option></term>
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<term><option>--no-blobs</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Exclude large objects in the dump.
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</para>
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<para>
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When both <option>-b</option> and <option>-B</option> are given, the behavior
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is to output large objects, when data is being dumped, see the
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<option>-b</option> documentation.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-c</option></term>
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<term><option>--clean</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Output commands to clean (drop)
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database objects prior to outputting the commands for creating them.
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(Unless <option>--if-exists</option> is also specified,
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restore might generate some harmless error messages, if any objects
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were not present in the destination database.)
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
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file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
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call <command>pg_restore</command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-C</option></term>
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<term><option>--create</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Begin the output with a command to create the
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database itself and reconnect to the created database. (With a
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script of this form, it doesn't matter which database in the
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destination installation you connect to before running the script.)
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If <option>--clean</option> is also specified, the script drops and
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recreates the target database before reconnecting to it.
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</para>
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<para>
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With <option>--create</option>, the output also includes the
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database's comment if any, and any configuration variable settings
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that are specific to this database, that is,
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any <command>ALTER DATABASE ... SET ...</command>
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and <command>ALTER ROLE ... IN DATABASE ... SET ...</command>
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commands that mention this database.
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Access privileges for the database itself are also dumped,
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unless <option>--no-acl</option> is specified.
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</para>
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<para>
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This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
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file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
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call <command>pg_restore</command>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-e <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--extension=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Dump only extensions matching <replaceable
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class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>. When this option is not
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specified, all non-system extensions in the target database will be
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dumped. Multiple extensions can be selected by writing multiple
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<option>-e</option> switches. The <replaceable
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class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> parameter is interpreted as a
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pattern according to the same rules used by
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<application>psql</application>'s <literal>\d</literal> commands (see
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<xref linkend="app-psql-patterns"/>), so multiple extensions can also
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be selected by writing wildcard characters in the pattern. When using
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wildcards, be careful to quote the pattern if needed to prevent the
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shell from expanding the wildcards.
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</para>
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<para>
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Any configuration relation registered by
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<function>pg_extension_config_dump</function> is included in the
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dump if its extension is specified by <option>--extension</option>.
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</para>
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<note>
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<para>
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When <option>-e</option> is specified,
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<application>pg_dump</application> makes no attempt to dump any other
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database objects that the selected extension(s) might depend upon.
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Therefore, there is no guarantee that the results of a
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specific-extension dump can be successfully restored by themselves
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into a clean database.
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</para>
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</note>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-E <replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--encoding=<replaceable class="parameter">encoding</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Create the dump in the specified character set encoding. By default,
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the dump is created in the database encoding. (Another way to get the
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same result is to set the <envar>PGCLIENTENCODING</envar> environment
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variable to the desired dump encoding.) The supported encodings are
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described in <xref linkend="multibyte-charset-supported"/>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-f <replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--file=<replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Send output to the specified file. This parameter can be omitted for
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file based output formats, in which case the standard output is used.
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It must be given for the directory output format however, where it
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specifies the target directory instead of a file. In this case the
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directory is created by <command>pg_dump</command> and must not exist
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before.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-F <replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Selects the format of the output.
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<replaceable>format</replaceable> can be one of the following:
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>p</literal></term>
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<term><literal>plain</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Output a plain-text <acronym>SQL</acronym> script file (the default).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>c</literal></term>
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<term><literal>custom</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Output a custom-format archive suitable for input into
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<application>pg_restore</application>.
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Together with the directory output format, this is the most flexible
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output format in that it allows manual selection and reordering of
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archived items during restore. This format is also compressed by
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default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>d</literal></term>
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<term><literal>directory</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Output a directory-format archive suitable for input into
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<application>pg_restore</application>. This will create a directory
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with one file for each table and blob being dumped, plus a
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so-called Table of Contents file describing the dumped objects in a
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machine-readable format that <application>pg_restore</application>
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can read. A directory format archive can be manipulated with
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standard Unix tools; for example, files in an uncompressed archive
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can be compressed with the <application>gzip</application> tool.
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This format is compressed by default and also supports parallel
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dumps.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><literal>t</literal></term>
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<term><literal>tar</literal></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Output a <command>tar</command>-format archive suitable for input
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into <application>pg_restore</application>. The tar format is
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compatible with the directory format: extracting a tar-format
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archive produces a valid directory-format archive.
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However, the tar format does not support compression. Also, when
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using tar format the relative order of table data items cannot be
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changed during restore.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-j <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable></option></term>
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<term><option>--jobs=<replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Run the dump in parallel by dumping <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
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tables simultaneously. This option may reduce the time needed to perform the dump but it also
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increases the load on the database server. You can only use this option with the
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directory output format because this is the only output format where multiple processes
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can write their data at the same time.
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</para>
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<para><application>pg_dump</application> will open <replaceable class="parameter">njobs</replaceable>
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+ 1 connections to the database, so make sure your <xref linkend="guc-max-connections"/>
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setting is high enough to accommodate all connections.
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</para>
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<para>
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Requesting exclusive locks on database objects while running a parallel dump could
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cause the dump to fail. The reason is that the <application>pg_dump</application> leader process
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requests shared locks on the objects that the worker processes are going to dump later
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in order to
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make sure that nobody deletes them and makes them go away while the dump is running.
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If another client then requests an exclusive lock on a table, that lock will not be
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granted but will be queued waiting for the shared lock of the leader process to be
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released. Consequently any other access to the table will not be granted either and
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will queue after the exclusive lock request. This includes the worker process trying
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to dump the table. Without any precautions this would be a classic deadlock situation.
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To detect this conflict, the <application>pg_dump</application> worker process requests another
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shared lock using the <literal>NOWAIT</literal> option. If the worker process is not granted
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this shared lock, somebody else must have requested an exclusive lock in the meantime
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and there is no way to continue with the dump, so <application>pg_dump</application> has no choice
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but to abort the dump.
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</para>
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<para>
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To perform a parallel dump, the database server needs to support
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synchronized snapshots, a feature that was introduced in
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> 9.2 for primary servers and 10
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for standbys. With this feature, database clients can ensure they see
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the same data set even though they use different connections.
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<command>pg_dump -j</command> uses multiple database connections; it
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connects to the database once with the leader process and once again
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for each worker job. Without the synchronized snapshot feature, the
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different worker jobs wouldn't be guaranteed to see the same data in
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each connection, which could lead to an inconsistent backup.
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</para>
|
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
|
|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-n <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
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|
<term><option>--schema=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump only schemas matching <replaceable
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|
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>; this selects both the
|
|
schema itself, and all its contained objects. When this option is
|
|
not specified, all non-system schemas in the target database will be
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|
dumped. Multiple schemas can be
|
|
selected by writing multiple <option>-n</option> switches. The
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|
<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> parameter is
|
|
interpreted as a pattern according to the same rules used by
|
|
<application>psql</application>'s <literal>\d</literal> commands
|
|
(see <xref linkend="app-psql-patterns"/> below),
|
|
so multiple schemas can also be selected by writing wildcard characters
|
|
in the pattern. When using wildcards, be careful to quote the pattern
|
|
if needed to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcards; see
|
|
<xref linkend="pg-dump-examples"/> below.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When <option>-n</option> is specified, <application>pg_dump</application>
|
|
makes no attempt to dump any other database objects that the selected
|
|
schema(s) might depend upon. Therefore, there is no guarantee
|
|
that the results of a specific-schema dump can be successfully
|
|
restored by themselves into a clean database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Non-schema objects such as blobs are not dumped when <option>-n</option> is
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|
specified. You can add blobs back to the dump with the
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|
<option>--blobs</option> switch.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--exclude-schema=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump any schemas matching <replaceable
|
|
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>. The pattern is
|
|
interpreted according to the same rules as for <option>-n</option>.
|
|
<option>-N</option> can be given more than once to exclude schemas
|
|
matching any of several patterns.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When both <option>-n</option> and <option>-N</option> are given, the behavior
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|
is to dump just the schemas that match at least one <option>-n</option>
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|
switch but no <option>-N</option> switches. If <option>-N</option> appears
|
|
without <option>-n</option>, then schemas matching <option>-N</option> are
|
|
excluded from what is otherwise a normal dump.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-O</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-owner</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not output commands to set
|
|
ownership of objects to match the original database.
|
|
By default, <application>pg_dump</application> issues
|
|
<command>ALTER OWNER</command> or
|
|
<command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
|
|
statements to set ownership of created database objects.
|
|
These statements
|
|
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
|
|
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
|
|
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
|
|
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <option>-O</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
|
|
file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
|
|
call <command>pg_restore</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-R</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-reconnect</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards
|
|
compatibility.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-s</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--schema-only</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is the inverse of <option>--data-only</option>.
|
|
It is similar to, but for historical reasons not identical to,
|
|
specifying
|
|
<option>--section=pre-data --section=post-data</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
(Do not confuse this with the <option>--schema</option> option, which
|
|
uses the word <quote>schema</quote> in a different meaning.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To exclude table data for only a subset of tables in the database,
|
|
see <option>--exclude-table-data</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--superuser=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
|
|
This is relevant only if <option>--disable-triggers</option> is used.
|
|
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
|
|
resulting script as superuser.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-t <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump only tables with names matching
|
|
<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>. Multiple tables
|
|
can be selected by writing multiple <option>-t</option> switches. The
|
|
<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> parameter is
|
|
interpreted as a pattern according to the same rules used by
|
|
<application>psql</application>'s <literal>\d</literal> commands
|
|
(see <xref linkend="app-psql-patterns"/> below),
|
|
so multiple tables can also be selected by writing wildcard characters
|
|
in the pattern. When using wildcards, be careful to quote the pattern
|
|
if needed to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcards; see
|
|
<xref linkend="pg-dump-examples"/> below.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
As well as tables, this option can be used to dump the definition of matching
|
|
views, materialized views, foreign tables, and sequences. It will not dump the
|
|
contents of views or materialized views, and the contents of foreign tables will
|
|
only be dumped if the corresponding foreign server is specified with
|
|
<option>--include-foreign-data</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The <option>-n</option> and <option>-N</option> switches have no effect when
|
|
<option>-t</option> is used, because tables selected by <option>-t</option> will
|
|
be dumped regardless of those switches, and non-table objects will not
|
|
be dumped.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When <option>-t</option> is specified, <application>pg_dump</application>
|
|
makes no attempt to dump any other database objects that the selected
|
|
table(s) might depend upon. Therefore, there is no guarantee
|
|
that the results of a specific-table dump can be successfully
|
|
restored by themselves into a clean database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-T <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--exclude-table=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump any tables matching <replaceable
|
|
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>. The pattern is
|
|
interpreted according to the same rules as for <option>-t</option>.
|
|
<option>-T</option> can be given more than once to exclude tables
|
|
matching any of several patterns.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When both <option>-t</option> and <option>-T</option> are given, the behavior
|
|
is to dump just the tables that match at least one <option>-t</option>
|
|
switch but no <option>-T</option> switches. If <option>-T</option> appears
|
|
without <option>-t</option>, then tables matching <option>-T</option> are
|
|
excluded from what is otherwise a normal dump.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-v</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--verbose</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> to output detailed object
|
|
comments and start/stop times to the dump file, and progress
|
|
messages to standard error.
|
|
Repeating the option causes additional debug-level messages
|
|
to appear on standard error.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-V</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--version</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Print the <application>pg_dump</application> version and exit.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-x</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-privileges</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-acl</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-Z <replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--compress=<replaceable class="parameter">0..9</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specify the compression level to use. Zero means no compression.
|
|
For the custom and directory archive formats, this specifies compression of
|
|
individual table-data segments, and the default is to compress
|
|
at a moderate level.
|
|
For plain text output, setting a nonzero compression level causes
|
|
the entire output file to be compressed, as though it had been
|
|
fed through <application>gzip</application>; but the default is not to compress.
|
|
The tar archive format currently does not support compression at all.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--binary-upgrade</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is for use by in-place upgrade utilities. Its use
|
|
for other purposes is not recommended or supported. The
|
|
behavior of the option may change in future releases without
|
|
notice.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--column-inserts</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--attribute-inserts</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit
|
|
column names (<literal>INSERT INTO
|
|
<replaceable>table</replaceable>
|
|
(<replaceable>column</replaceable>, ...) VALUES
|
|
...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
|
|
useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
|
|
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases.
|
|
Any error during reloading will cause only rows that are part of the
|
|
problematic <command>INSERT</command> to be lost, rather than the
|
|
entire table contents.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--disable-dollar-quoting</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option disables the use of dollar quoting for function bodies,
|
|
and forces them to be quoted using SQL standard string syntax.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--disable-triggers</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is relevant only when creating a data-only dump.
|
|
It instructs <application>pg_dump</application> to include commands
|
|
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
|
|
the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential
|
|
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
|
|
do not want to invoke during data reload.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Presently, the commands emitted for <option>--disable-triggers</option>
|
|
must be done as superuser. So, you should also specify
|
|
a superuser name with <option>-S</option>, or preferably be careful to
|
|
start the resulting script as a superuser.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
|
|
file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
|
|
call <command>pg_restore</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--enable-row-security</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is relevant only when dumping the contents of a table
|
|
which has row security. By default, <application>pg_dump</application> will set
|
|
<xref linkend="guc-row-security"/> to off, to ensure
|
|
that all data is dumped from the table. If the user does not have
|
|
sufficient privileges to bypass row security, then an error is thrown.
|
|
This parameter instructs <application>pg_dump</application> to set
|
|
<xref linkend="guc-row-security"/> to on instead, allowing the user
|
|
to dump the parts of the contents of the table that they have access to.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Note that if you use this option currently, you probably also want
|
|
the dump be in <command>INSERT</command> format, as the
|
|
<command>COPY FROM</command> during restore does not support row security.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--exclude-table-data=<replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump data for any tables matching <replaceable
|
|
class="parameter">pattern</replaceable>. The pattern is
|
|
interpreted according to the same rules as for <option>-t</option>.
|
|
<option>--exclude-table-data</option> can be given more than once to
|
|
exclude tables matching any of several patterns. This option is
|
|
useful when you need the definition of a particular table even
|
|
though you do not need the data in it.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To exclude data for all tables in the database, see <option>--schema-only</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--extra-float-digits=<replaceable class="parameter">ndigits</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the specified value of <option>extra_float_digits</option> when dumping
|
|
floating-point data, instead of the maximum available precision.
|
|
Routine dumps made for backup purposes should not use this option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--if-exists</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use conditional commands (i.e., add an <literal>IF EXISTS</literal>
|
|
clause) when cleaning database objects. This option is not valid
|
|
unless <option>--clean</option> is also specified.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--include-foreign-data=<replaceable class="parameter">foreignserver</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump the data for any foreign table with a foreign server
|
|
matching <replaceable class="parameter">foreignserver</replaceable>
|
|
pattern. Multiple foreign servers can be selected by writing multiple
|
|
<option>--include-foreign-data</option> switches.
|
|
Also, the <replaceable class="parameter">foreignserver</replaceable> parameter is
|
|
interpreted as a pattern according to the same rules used by
|
|
<application>psql</application>'s <literal>\d</literal> commands
|
|
(see <xref linkend="app-psql-patterns"/> below),
|
|
so multiple foreign servers can also be selected by writing wildcard characters
|
|
in the pattern. When using wildcards, be careful to quote the pattern
|
|
if needed to prevent the shell from expanding the wildcards; see
|
|
<xref linkend="pg-dump-examples"/> below.
|
|
The only exception is that an empty pattern is disallowed.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<note>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When <option>--include-foreign-data</option> is specified,
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> does not check that the foreign
|
|
table is writable. Therefore, there is no guarantee that the
|
|
results of a foreign table dump can be successfully restored.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</note>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--inserts</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather
|
|
than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very slow;
|
|
it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
|
|
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases.
|
|
Any error during reloading will cause only rows that are part of the
|
|
problematic <command>INSERT</command> to be lost, rather than the
|
|
entire table contents. Note that the restore might fail altogether if
|
|
you have rearranged column order. The
|
|
<option>--column-inserts</option> option is safe against column order
|
|
changes, though even slower.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--load-via-partition-root</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
When dumping data for a table partition, make
|
|
the <command>COPY</command> or <command>INSERT</command> statements
|
|
target the root of the partitioning hierarchy that contains it, rather
|
|
than the partition itself. This causes the appropriate partition to
|
|
be re-determined for each row when the data is loaded. This may be
|
|
useful when reloading data on a server where rows do not always fall
|
|
into the same partitions as they did on the original server. That
|
|
could happen, for example, if the partitioning column is of type text
|
|
and the two systems have different definitions of the collation used
|
|
to sort the partitioning column.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
It is best not to use parallelism when restoring from an archive made
|
|
with this option, because <application>pg_restore</application> will
|
|
not know exactly which partition(s) a given archive data item will
|
|
load data into. This could result in inefficiency due to lock
|
|
conflicts between parallel jobs, or perhaps even reload failures due
|
|
to foreign key constraints being set up before all the relevant data
|
|
is loaded.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--lock-wait-timeout=<replaceable class="parameter">timeout</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not wait forever to acquire shared table locks at the beginning of
|
|
the dump. Instead fail if unable to lock a table within the specified
|
|
<replaceable class="parameter">timeout</replaceable>. The timeout may be
|
|
specified in any of the formats accepted by <command>SET
|
|
statement_timeout</command>. (Allowed formats vary depending on the server
|
|
version you are dumping from, but an integer number of milliseconds
|
|
is accepted by all versions.)
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-comments</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump comments.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-publications</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump publications.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-security-labels</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump security labels.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-subscriptions</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump subscriptions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-sync</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
By default, <command>pg_dump</command> will wait for all files
|
|
to be written safely to disk. This option causes
|
|
<command>pg_dump</command> to return without waiting, which is
|
|
faster, but means that a subsequent operating system crash can leave
|
|
the dump corrupt. Generally, this option is useful for testing
|
|
but should not be used when dumping data from production installation.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-table-access-method</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not output commands to select table access methods.
|
|
With this option, all objects will be created with whichever
|
|
table access method is the default during restore.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
|
|
file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
|
|
call <command>pg_restore</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-tablespaces</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not output commands to select tablespaces.
|
|
With this option, all objects will be created in whichever
|
|
tablespace is the default during restore.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is ignored when emitting an archive (non-text) output
|
|
file. For the archive formats, you can specify the option when you
|
|
call <command>pg_restore</command>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-toast-compression</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not output commands to set <acronym>TOAST</acronym> compression
|
|
methods.
|
|
With this option, all columns will be restored with the default
|
|
compression setting.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--no-unlogged-table-data</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Do not dump the contents of unlogged tables and sequences. This
|
|
option has no effect on whether or not the table and sequence
|
|
definitions (schema) are dumped; it only suppresses dumping the table
|
|
and sequence data. Data in unlogged tables and sequences
|
|
is always excluded when dumping from a standby server.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--on-conflict-do-nothing</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Add <literal>ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING</literal> to
|
|
<command>INSERT</command> commands.
|
|
This option is not valid unless <option>--inserts</option>,
|
|
<option>--column-inserts</option> or
|
|
<option>--rows-per-insert</option> is also specified.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--quote-all-identifiers</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Force quoting of all identifiers. This option is recommended when
|
|
dumping a database from a server whose <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
|
|
major version is different from <application>pg_dump</application>'s, or when
|
|
the output is intended to be loaded into a server of a different
|
|
major version. By default, <application>pg_dump</application> quotes only
|
|
identifiers that are reserved words in its own major version.
|
|
This sometimes results in compatibility issues when dealing with
|
|
servers of other versions that may have slightly different sets
|
|
of reserved words. Using <option>--quote-all-identifiers</option> prevents
|
|
such issues, at the price of a harder-to-read dump script.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--rows-per-insert=<replaceable class="parameter">nrows</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather than
|
|
<command>COPY</command>). Controls the maximum number of rows per
|
|
<command>INSERT</command> command. The value specified must be a
|
|
number greater than zero. Any error during reloading will cause only
|
|
rows that are part of the problematic <command>INSERT</command> to be
|
|
lost, rather than the entire table contents.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--section=<replaceable class="parameter">sectionname</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Only dump the named section. The section name can be
|
|
<option>pre-data</option>, <option>data</option>, or <option>post-data</option>.
|
|
This option can be specified more than once to select multiple
|
|
sections. The default is to dump all sections.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
The data section contains actual table data, large-object
|
|
contents, and sequence values.
|
|
Post-data items include definitions of indexes, triggers, rules,
|
|
and constraints other than validated check constraints.
|
|
Pre-data items include all other data definition items.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--serializable-deferrable</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use a <literal>serializable</literal> transaction for the dump, to
|
|
ensure that the snapshot used is consistent with later database
|
|
states; but do this by waiting for a point in the transaction stream
|
|
at which no anomalies can be present, so that there isn't a risk of
|
|
the dump failing or causing other transactions to roll back with a
|
|
<literal>serialization_failure</literal>. See <xref linkend="mvcc"/>
|
|
for more information about transaction isolation and concurrency
|
|
control.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is not beneficial for a dump which is intended only for
|
|
disaster recovery. It could be useful for a dump used to load a
|
|
copy of the database for reporting or other read-only load sharing
|
|
while the original database continues to be updated. Without it the
|
|
dump may reflect a state which is not consistent with any serial
|
|
execution of the transactions eventually committed. For example, if
|
|
batch processing techniques are used, a batch may show as closed in
|
|
the dump without all of the items which are in the batch appearing.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option will make no difference if there are no read-write
|
|
transactions active when pg_dump is started. If read-write
|
|
transactions are active, the start of the dump may be delayed for an
|
|
indeterminate length of time. Once running, performance with or
|
|
without the switch is the same.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--snapshot=<replaceable class="parameter">snapshotname</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Use the specified synchronized snapshot when making a dump of the
|
|
database (see
|
|
<xref linkend="functions-snapshot-synchronization-table"/> for more
|
|
details).
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is useful when needing to synchronize the dump with
|
|
a logical replication slot (see <xref linkend="logicaldecoding"/>)
|
|
or with a concurrent session.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
In the case of a parallel dump, the snapshot name defined by this
|
|
option is used rather than taking a new snapshot.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--strict-names</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Require that each
|
|
extension (<option>-e</option>/<option>--extension</option>),
|
|
schema (<option>-n</option>/<option>--schema</option>) and
|
|
table (<option>-t</option>/<option>--table</option>) qualifier
|
|
match at least one extension/schema/table in the database to be dumped.
|
|
Note that if none of the extension/schema/table qualifiers find
|
|
matches, <application>pg_dump</application> will generate an error
|
|
even without <option>--strict-names</option>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option has no effect
|
|
on <option>-N</option>/<option>--exclude-schema</option>,
|
|
<option>-T</option>/<option>--exclude-table</option>,
|
|
or <option>--exclude-table-data</option>. An exclude pattern failing
|
|
to match any objects is not considered an error.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Output SQL-standard <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command> commands
|
|
instead of <command>ALTER OWNER</command> commands to determine object
|
|
ownership. This makes the dump more standards-compatible, but
|
|
depending on the history of the objects in the dump, might not restore
|
|
properly. Also, a dump using <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
|
|
will certainly require superuser privileges to restore correctly,
|
|
whereas <command>ALTER OWNER</command> requires lesser privileges.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-?</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--help</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Show help about <application>pg_dump</application> command line
|
|
arguments, and exit.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The following command-line options control the database connection parameters.
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-d <replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--dbname=<replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies the name of the database to connect to. This is
|
|
equivalent to specifying <replaceable
|
|
class="parameter">dbname</replaceable> as the first non-option
|
|
argument on the command line. The <replaceable>dbname</replaceable>
|
|
can be a <link linkend="libpq-connstring">connection string</link>.
|
|
If so, connection string parameters will override any conflicting
|
|
command line options.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-h <replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is
|
|
running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the
|
|
directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken
|
|
from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, if set,
|
|
else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
|
|
extension on which the server is listening for connections.
|
|
Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
|
|
set, or a compiled-in default.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-U <replaceable>username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--username=<replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
User name to connect as.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-w</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--no-password</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Never issue a password prompt. If the server requires
|
|
password authentication and a password is not available by
|
|
other means such as a <filename>.pgpass</filename> file, the
|
|
connection attempt will fail. This option can be useful in
|
|
batch jobs and scripts where no user is present to enter a
|
|
password.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>-W</option></term>
|
|
<term><option>--password</option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Force <application>pg_dump</application> to prompt for a
|
|
password before connecting to a database.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This option is never essential, since
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> will automatically prompt
|
|
for a password if the server demands password authentication.
|
|
However, <application>pg_dump</application> will waste a
|
|
connection attempt finding out that the server wants a password.
|
|
In some cases it is worth typing <option>-W</option> to avoid the extra
|
|
connection attempt.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><option>--role=<replaceable class="parameter">rolename</replaceable></option></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies a role name to be used to create the dump.
|
|
This option causes <application>pg_dump</application> to issue a
|
|
<command>SET ROLE</command> <replaceable class="parameter">rolename</replaceable>
|
|
command after connecting to the database. It is useful when the
|
|
authenticated user (specified by <option>-U</option>) lacks privileges
|
|
needed by <application>pg_dump</application>, but can switch to a role with
|
|
the required rights. Some installations have a policy against
|
|
logging in directly as a superuser, and use of this option allows
|
|
dumps to be made without violating the policy.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>Environment</title>
|
|
|
|
<variablelist>
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><envar>PGDATABASE</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGHOST</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGOPTIONS</envar></term>
|
|
<term><envar>PGPORT</envar></term>
|
|
|
|
<term><envar>PGUSER</envar></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Default connection parameters.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
|
|
<varlistentry>
|
|
<term><envar>PG_COLOR</envar></term>
|
|
<listitem>
|
|
<para>
|
|
Specifies whether to use color in diagnostic messages. Possible values
|
|
are <literal>always</literal>, <literal>auto</literal> and
|
|
<literal>never</literal>.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</listitem>
|
|
</varlistentry>
|
|
</variablelist>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
This utility, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> utilities,
|
|
also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</application>
|
|
(see <xref linkend="libpq-envars"/>).
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="app-pgdump-diagnostics">
|
|
<title>Diagnostics</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> internally executes
|
|
<command>SELECT</command> statements. If you have problems running
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application>, make sure you are able to
|
|
select information from the database using, for example, <xref
|
|
linkend="app-psql"/>. Also, any default connection settings and environment
|
|
variables used by the <application>libpq</application> front-end
|
|
library will apply.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The database activity of <application>pg_dump</application> is
|
|
normally collected by the statistics collector. If this is
|
|
undesirable, you can set parameter <varname>track_counts</varname>
|
|
to false via <envar>PGOPTIONS</envar> or the <literal>ALTER
|
|
USER</literal> command.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="pg-dump-notes">
|
|
<title>Notes</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
If your database cluster has any local additions to the <literal>template1</literal> database,
|
|
be careful to restore the output of <application>pg_dump</application> into a
|
|
truly empty database; otherwise you are likely to get errors due to
|
|
duplicate definitions of the added objects. To make an empty database
|
|
without any local additions, copy from <literal>template0</literal> not <literal>template1</literal>,
|
|
for example:
|
|
<programlisting>
|
|
CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;
|
|
</programlisting>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When a data-only dump is chosen and the option <option>--disable-triggers</option>
|
|
is used, <application>pg_dump</application> emits commands
|
|
to disable triggers on user tables before inserting the data,
|
|
and then commands to re-enable them after the data has been
|
|
inserted. If the restore is stopped in the middle, the system
|
|
catalogs might be left in the wrong state.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The dump file produced by <application>pg_dump</application>
|
|
does not contain the statistics used by the optimizer to make
|
|
query planning decisions. Therefore, it is wise to run
|
|
<command>ANALYZE</command> after restoring from a dump file
|
|
to ensure optimal performance; see <xref linkend="vacuum-for-statistics"/>
|
|
and <xref linkend="autovacuum"/> for more information.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Because <application>pg_dump</application> is used to transfer data
|
|
to newer versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, the output of
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> can be expected to load into
|
|
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server versions newer than
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application>'s version. <application>pg_dump</application> can also
|
|
dump from <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers older than its own version.
|
|
(Currently, servers back to version 9.2 are supported.)
|
|
However, <application>pg_dump</application> cannot dump from
|
|
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers newer than its own major version;
|
|
it will refuse to even try, rather than risk making an invalid dump.
|
|
Also, it is not guaranteed that <application>pg_dump</application>'s output can
|
|
be loaded into a server of an older major version — not even if the
|
|
dump was taken from a server of that version. Loading a dump file
|
|
into an older server may require manual editing of the dump file
|
|
to remove syntax not understood by the older server.
|
|
Use of the <option>--quote-all-identifiers</option> option is recommended
|
|
in cross-version cases, as it can prevent problems arising from varying
|
|
reserved-word lists in different <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> versions.
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
When dumping logical replication subscriptions,
|
|
<application>pg_dump</application> will generate <command>CREATE
|
|
SUBSCRIPTION</command> commands that use the <literal>connect = false</literal>
|
|
option, so that restoring the subscription does not make remote connections
|
|
for creating a replication slot or for initial table copy. That way, the
|
|
dump can be restored without requiring network access to the remote
|
|
servers. It is then up to the user to reactivate the subscriptions in a
|
|
suitable way. If the involved hosts have changed, the connection
|
|
information might have to be changed. It might also be appropriate to
|
|
truncate the target tables before initiating a new full table copy. If users
|
|
intend to copy initial data during refresh they must create the slot with
|
|
<literal>two_phase = false</literal>. After the initial sync, the
|
|
<literal>two_phase</literal> option will be automatically enabled by the
|
|
subscriber if the subscription had been originally created with
|
|
<literal>two_phase = true</literal> option.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1 id="pg-dump-examples" xreflabel="Examples">
|
|
<title>Examples</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump a database called <literal>mydb</literal> into an SQL-script file:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To reload such a script into a (freshly created) database named
|
|
<literal>newdb</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>psql -d newdb -f db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump a database into a custom-format archive file:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fc mydb > db.dump</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump a database into a directory-format archive:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fd mydb -f dumpdir</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump a database into a directory-format archive in parallel with
|
|
5 worker jobs:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -Fd mydb -j 5 -f dumpdir</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To reload an archive file into a (freshly created) database named
|
|
<literal>newdb</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -d newdb db.dump</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To reload an archive file into the same database it was dumped from,
|
|
discarding the current contents of that database:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_restore -d postgres --clean --create db.dump</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump a single table named <literal>mytab</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -t mytab mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump all tables whose names start with <literal>emp</literal> in the
|
|
<literal>detroit</literal> schema, except for the table named
|
|
<literal>employee_log</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -t 'detroit.emp*' -T detroit.employee_log mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump all schemas whose names start with <literal>east</literal> or
|
|
<literal>west</literal> and end in <literal>gsm</literal>, excluding any schemas whose
|
|
names contain the word <literal>test</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -n 'east*gsm' -n 'west*gsm' -N '*test*' mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
The same, using regular expression notation to consolidate the switches:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -n '(east|west)*gsm' -N '*test*' mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To dump all database objects except for tables whose names begin with
|
|
<literal>ts_</literal>:
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -T 'ts_*' mydb > db.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To specify an upper-case or mixed-case name in <option>-t</option> and related
|
|
switches, you need to double-quote the name; else it will be folded to
|
|
lower case (see <xref linkend="app-psql-patterns"/> below). But
|
|
double quotes are special to the shell, so in turn they must be quoted.
|
|
Thus, to dump a single table with a mixed-case name, you need something
|
|
like
|
|
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_dump -t "\"MixedCaseName\"" mydb > mytab.sql</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-pg-dumpall"/></member>
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-pgrestore"/></member>
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-psql"/></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|