598 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
598 lines
18 KiB
Plaintext
<!--
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doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_ctl-ref.sgml
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PostgreSQL documentation
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-->
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<refentry id="app-pg-ctl">
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle><application>pg_ctl</application></refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo>Application</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv>
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<refname>pg_ctl</refname>
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<refpurpose>initialize, start, stop, or control a <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<indexterm zone="app-pg-ctl">
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<primary>pg_ctl</primary>
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</indexterm>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">init[db]</arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-o <replaceable>initdb-options</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">start</arg>
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<arg>-w</arg>
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<arg>-t <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-l <replaceable>filename</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-o <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-p <replaceable>path</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-c</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">stop</arg>
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<arg>-W</arg>
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<arg>-t <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-m
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg>s[mart]</arg>
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<arg>f[ast]</arg>
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<arg>i[mmediate]</arg>
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</group>
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</arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">restart</arg>
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<arg>-w</arg>
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<arg>-t <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-c</arg>
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<arg>-m
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg>s[mart]</arg>
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<arg>f[ast]</arg>
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<arg>i[mmediate]</arg>
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</group>
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</arg>
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<arg>-o <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">reload</arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">status</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">promote</arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">kill</arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>signal_name</replaceable></arg>
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<arg choice="plain"><replaceable>process_id</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">register</arg>
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<arg>-N <replaceable>servicename</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-U <replaceable>username</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-P <replaceable>password</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-D <replaceable>datadir</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-S
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<group choice="plain">
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<arg>a[uto]</arg>
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<arg>d[emand]</arg>
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</group>
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</arg>
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<arg>-w</arg>
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<arg>-t <replaceable>seconds</replaceable></arg>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>-o <replaceable>options</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>
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<arg choice="plain">unregister</arg>
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<arg>-N <replaceable>servicename</replaceable></arg>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id="app-pg-ctl-description">
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<title>Description</title>
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<para>
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<application>pg_ctl</application> is a utility for initializing a
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster, starting,
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stopping, or restarting the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
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database server (<xref linkend="app-postgres">), or displaying the
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status of a running server. Although the server can be started
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manually, <application>pg_ctl</application> encapsulates tasks such
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as redirecting log output and properly detaching from the terminal
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and process group. It also provides convenient options for
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controlled shutdown.
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</para>
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<para>
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The <option>init</option> or <option>initdb</option> mode creates a new
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<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> database cluster. A database
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cluster is a collection of databases that are managed by a single
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server instance. This mode invokes the <command>initdb</command>
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command. See <xref linkend="app-initdb"> for details.
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</para>
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<para>
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In <option>start</option> mode, a new server is launched. The
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server is started in the background, and its standard input is attached
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to <filename>/dev/null</filename> (or <literal>nul</> on Windows).
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On Unix-like systems, by default, the server's standard output and
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standard error are sent to <application>pg_ctl</application>'s
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standard output (not standard error). The standard output of
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<application>pg_ctl</application> should then be redirected to a
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file or piped to another process such as a log rotating program
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like <application>rotatelogs</>; otherwise <command>postgres</command>
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will write its output to the controlling terminal (from the
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background) and will not leave the shell's process group. On
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Windows, by default the server's standard output and standard error
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are sent to the terminal. These default behaviors can be changed
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by using <option>-l</option> to append the server's output to a log file.
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Use of either <option>-l</option> or output redirection is recommended.
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</para>
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<para>
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In <option>stop</option> mode, the server that is running in
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the specified data directory is shut down. Three different
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shutdown methods can be selected with the <option>-m</option>
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option. <quote>Smart</quote> mode (the default) waits for all active
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clients to disconnect and any online backup to finish.
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If the server is in hot standby, recovery and streaming replication
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will be terminated once all clients have disconnected.
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<quote>Fast</quote> mode does not wait for clients to disconnect and
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will terminate an online backup in progress. All active transactions are
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rolled back and clients are forcibly disconnected, then the
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server is shut down. <quote>Immediate</quote> mode will abort
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all server processes immediately, without a clean shutdown.
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This will lead to a crash-recovery run on the next restart.
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>restart</option> mode effectively executes a stop followed
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by a start. This allows changing the <command>postgres</command>
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command-line options.
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>reload</option> mode simply sends the
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<command>postgres</command> process a <systemitem>SIGHUP</>
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signal, causing it to reread its configuration files
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(<filename>postgresql.conf</filename>,
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<filename>pg_hba.conf</filename>, etc.). This allows changing of
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configuration-file options that do not require a complete restart
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to take effect.
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>status</option> mode checks whether a server is running in
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the specified data directory. If it is, the <acronym>PID</acronym>
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and the command line options that were used to invoke it are
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displayed. If the server is not running, the process returns an
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exit status of 3.
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</para>
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<para>
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In <option>promote</option> mode, the standby server that is
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running in the specified data directory is commanded to exit
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recovery and begin read-write operations.
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>kill</option> mode allows you to send a signal to a specified
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process. This is particularly valuable for <productname>Microsoft Windows</>
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which does not have a <application>kill</> command. Use
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<literal>--help</> to see a list of supported signal names.
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>register</option> mode allows you to register a system service
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on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. The <option>-S</option> option
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allows selection of service start type, either <quote>auto</quote> (start
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service automatically on system startup) or <quote>demand</quote> (start
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service on demand).
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</para>
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<para>
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<option>unregister</option> mode allows you to unregister a system service
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on <productname>Microsoft Windows</>. This undoes the effects of the
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<option>register</option> command.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="app-pg-ctl-options">
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<title>Options</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-c</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Attempt to allow server crashes to produce core files, on platforms
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where this is possible, by lifting any soft resource limit placed on
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core files.
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This is useful in debugging or diagnosing problems by allowing a
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stack trace to be obtained from a failed server process.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-D <replaceable class="parameter">datadir</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the file system location of the database files. If
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this is omitted, the environment variable
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<envar>PGDATA</envar> is used.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-l <replaceable class="parameter">filename</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Append the server log output to
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<replaceable>filename</replaceable>. If the file does not
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exist, it is created. The <systemitem>umask</> is set to 077,
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so access to the log file is disallowed to other users by default.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-m <replaceable class="parameter">mode</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the shutdown mode. <replaceable>mode</replaceable>
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can be <literal>smart</literal>, <literal>fast</literal>, or
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<literal>immediate</literal>, or the first letter of one of
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these three. If this is omitted, <literal>smart</literal> is used.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">options</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies options to be passed directly to the
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<command>postgres</command> command.
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</para>
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<para>
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The options should usually be surrounded by single or double
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quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-o <replaceable class="parameter">initdb-options</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies options to be passed directly to the
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<command>initdb</command> command.
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</para>
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<para>
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The options should usually be surrounded by single or double
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quotes to ensure that they are passed through as a group.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-p <replaceable class="parameter">path</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Specifies the location of the <filename>postgres</filename>
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executable. By default the <filename>postgres</filename> executable is taken from the same
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directory as <command>pg_ctl</command>, or failing that, the hard-wired
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installation directory. It is not necessary to use this
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option unless you are doing something unusual and get errors
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that the <filename>postgres</filename> executable was not found.
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</para>
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<para>
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In <literal>init</literal> mode, this option analogously
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specifies the location of the <filename>initdb</filename>
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executable.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-s</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Print only errors, no informational messages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-t</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The maximum number of seconds to wait when waiting for startup or
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shutdown to complete. The default is 60 seconds.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-w</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Wait for the startup or shutdown to complete.
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Waiting is the default option for shutdowns, but not startups.
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When waiting for startup, <command>pg_ctl</command> repeatedly
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attempts to connect to the server.
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When waiting for shutdown, <command>pg_ctl</command> waits for
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the server to remove its <acronym>PID</acronym> file.
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<command>pg_ctl</command> returns an exit code based on the
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success of the startup or shutdown.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-W</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Do not wait for startup or shutdown to complete. This is the
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default for start and restart modes.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<refsect2 id="app-pg-ctl-windows-options">
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<title>Options for Windows</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-N <replaceable class="parameter">servicename</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Name of the system service to register. The name will be used
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as both the service name and the display name.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-P <replaceable class="parameter">password</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Password for the user to start the service.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-S <replaceable class="parameter">start-type</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Start type of the system service to register. start-type can
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be <literal>auto</literal>, or <literal>demand</literal>, or
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the first letter of one of these two. If this is omitted,
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<literal>auto</literal> is used.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-U <replaceable class="parameter">username</replaceable></option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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User name for the user to start the service. For domain users, use the
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format <literal>DOMAIN\username</literal>.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Environment</title>
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|
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><envar>PGDATA</envar></term>
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|
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<listitem>
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<para>
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Default data directory location.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>
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<command>pg_ctl</command>, like most other <productname>PostgreSQL</>
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utilities,
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also uses the environment variables supported by <application>libpq</>
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(see <xref linkend="libpq-envars">).
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For additional server variables, see <xref linkend="app-postgres">.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
|
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|
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<refsect1>
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<title>Files</title>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>postmaster.pid</filename></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>
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The existence of this file in the data directory is used to help
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<application>pg_ctl</application> determine if the server is
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currently running.
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</para>
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</listitem>
|
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</varlistentry>
|
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|
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<varlistentry>
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<term><filename>postmaster.opts</filename></term>
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|
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<listitem>
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<para>If this file exists in the data directory,
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<application>pg_ctl</application> (in <option>restart</option> mode)
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will pass the contents of the file as options to
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<application>postgres</application>, unless overridden
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by the <option>-o</option> option. The contents of this file
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are also displayed in <option>status</option> mode.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
|
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
|
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|
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<refsect1 id="R1-APP-PGCTL-2">
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<title>Examples</title>
|
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|
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<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-3">
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<title>Starting the Server</title>
|
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|
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<para>
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To start the server:
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl start</userinput>
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</screen>
|
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</para>
|
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<para>
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To start the server, waiting until the server is
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accepting connections:
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<screen>
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<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -w start</userinput>
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</screen>
|
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</para>
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<para>
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To start the server using port 5433, and
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running without <function>fsync</function>, use:
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<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" start</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-4">
|
|
<title>Stopping the Server</title>
|
|
<para>
|
|
To stop the server, use:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl stop</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
The <option>-m</option> option allows control over
|
|
<emphasis>how</emphasis> the server shuts down:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl stop -m fast</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-5">
|
|
<title>Restarting the Server</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Restarting the server is almost equivalent to stopping the
|
|
server and starting it again,
|
|
except that <command>pg_ctl</command> saves and reuses the command line options that
|
|
were passed to the previously running instance. To restart
|
|
the server in the simplest form, use:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl restart</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To restart the server,
|
|
waiting for it to shut down and restart:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -w restart</userinput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
</para>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
To restart using port 5433, disabling <function>fsync</> upon restart:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl -o "-F -p 5433" restart</userinput>
|
|
</screen></para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
|
|
<refsect2 id="R2-APP-PGCTL-6">
|
|
<title>Showing the Server Status</title>
|
|
|
|
<para>
|
|
Here is sample status output from
|
|
<application>pg_ctl</application>:
|
|
<screen>
|
|
<prompt>$</prompt> <userinput>pg_ctl status</userinput>
|
|
<computeroutput>
|
|
pg_ctl: server is running (PID: 13718)
|
|
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/postgres "-D" "/usr/local/pgsql/data" "-p" "5433" "-B" "128"
|
|
</computeroutput>
|
|
</screen>
|
|
This is the command line that would be invoked in restart mode.
|
|
</para>
|
|
</refsect2>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<refsect1>
|
|
<title>See Also</title>
|
|
|
|
<simplelist type="inline">
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-initdb"></member>
|
|
<member><xref linkend="app-postgres"></member>
|
|
</simplelist>
|
|
</refsect1>
|
|
|
|
</refentry>
|