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Dean Rasheed 87779aa474 Prevent functional dependency estimates from exceeding column estimates.
Formerly we applied a functional dependency "a => b with dependency
degree f" using the formula

  P(a,b) = P(a) * [f + (1-f)*P(b)]

This leads to the possibility that the combined selectivity P(a,b)
could exceed P(b), which is not ideal. The addition of support for IN
and OR clauses (commits 8f321bd16c and ccaa3569f5) would seem to make
this more likely, since the user-supplied values in such clauses are
not necessarily compatible with the functional dependency.

Mitigate this by using the formula

  P(a,b) = f * Min(P(a), P(b)) + (1-f) * P(a) * P(b)

instead, which guarantees that the combined selectivity is less than
each column's individual selectivity. Logically, this is modifies the
part of the formula that accounts for dependent rows to handle cases
where P(a) > P(b), whilst not changing the second term which accounts
for independent rows.

Additionally, this refactors the way that functional dependencies are
applied, so now dependencies_clauselist_selectivity() estimates both
the implying clauses and the implied clauses for each functional
dependency (formerly only the implied clauses were estimated), and now
all clauses for each attribute are taken into account (formerly only
one clause for each implied attribute was estimated). This removes the
previously built-in assumption that only equality clauses will be
seen, which is no longer true, and opens up the possibility of
applying functional dependencies to more general clauses.

Patch by me, reviewed by Tomas Vondra.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAEZATCXaNFZyOhR4XXAfkvj1tibRBEjje6ZbXwqWUB_tqbH%3Drw%40mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20200318002946.6dvblukm3cfmgir2%40development
2020-03-28 12:48:34 +00:00
config Assume that we have signed integral types and flexible array members. 2020-02-21 14:30:48 -05:00
contrib Revert "Skip WAL for new relfilenodes, under wal_level=minimal." 2020-03-22 09:24:09 -07:00
doc Trigger autovacuum based on number of INSERTs 2020-03-28 19:20:12 +13:00
src Prevent functional dependency estimates from exceeding column estimates. 2020-03-28 12:48:34 +00:00
.dir-locals.el Make Emacs perl-mode indent more like perltidy. 2019-01-13 11:32:31 -08:00
.editorconfig Add .editorconfig 2019-12-18 09:13:13 +01:00
.gitattributes gitattributes: Add new file 2019-11-12 08:13:55 +01:00
.gitignore Support for optimizing and emitting code in LLVM JIT provider. 2018-03-22 11:05:22 -07:00
COPYRIGHT Update copyrights for 2020 2020-01-01 12:21:45 -05:00
GNUmakefile.in Add support for automatically updating Unicode derived files 2020-01-09 10:08:14 +01:00
HISTORY Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00
Makefile Don't unset MAKEFLAGS in non-GNU Makefile. 2019-06-25 09:36:21 +12:00
README Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00
README.git Canonicalize some URLs 2020-02-10 20:47:50 +01:00
aclocal.m4 Fix configure's AC_CHECK_DECLS tests to work correctly with clang. 2018-11-19 12:01:47 -05:00
configure Define EXEC_BACKEND in pg_config_manual.h 2020-03-25 14:31:14 +01:00
configure.in Define EXEC_BACKEND in pg_config_manual.h 2020-03-25 14:31:14 +01:00

README

PostgreSQL Database Management System
=====================================

This directory contains the source code distribution of the PostgreSQL
database management system.

PostgreSQL is an advanced object-relational database management system
that supports an extended subset of the SQL standard, including
transactions, foreign keys, subqueries, triggers, user-defined types
and functions.  This distribution also contains C language bindings.

PostgreSQL has many language interfaces, many of which are listed here:

	https://www.postgresql.org/download/

See the file INSTALL for instructions on how to build and install
PostgreSQL.  That file also lists supported operating systems and
hardware platforms and contains information regarding any other
software packages that are required to build or run the PostgreSQL
system.  Copyright and license information can be found in the
file COPYRIGHT.  A comprehensive documentation set is included in this
distribution; it can be read as described in the installation
instructions.

The latest version of this software may be obtained at
https://www.postgresql.org/download/.  For more information look at our
web site located at https://www.postgresql.org/.