1766 lines
69 KiB
Plaintext
1766 lines
69 KiB
Plaintext
--
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-- TRIGGERS
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--
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create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
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create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
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create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);
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create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
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create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
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create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);
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insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
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insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
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insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
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insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
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insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
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insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
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create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);
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--
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-- For fkeys:
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-- (fkey1, fkey2) --> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
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-- (fkey3) --> fkeys2 (pkey23)
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--
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create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
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before insert or update on fkeys
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for each row
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execute procedure
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check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
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create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
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before insert or update on fkeys
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for each row
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execute procedure check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');
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--
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-- For fkeys2:
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-- (fkey21, fkey22) --> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
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--
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create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
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before insert or update on fkeys2
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for each row
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execute procedure
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check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');
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-- Test comments
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COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
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ERROR: trigger "check_fkeys2_pkey_bad" for table "fkeys2" does not exist
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COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
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COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;
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--
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-- For pkeys:
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-- ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
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-- fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
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--
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create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
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before delete or update on pkeys
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for each row
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execute procedure
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check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
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'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');
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--
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-- For fkeys2:
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-- ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
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-- fkeys (fkey3)
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--
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create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
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before delete or update on fkeys2
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for each row
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execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');
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insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
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insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
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insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
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insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
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-- no key in pkeys
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insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);
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ERROR: tuple references non-existent key
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DETAIL: Trigger "check_fkeys2_pkey_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "pkeys".
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insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
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insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
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insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
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insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
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-- no key in pkeys
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insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
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ERROR: tuple references non-existent key
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DETAIL: Trigger "check_fkeys_pkey_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "pkeys".
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-- no key in fkeys2
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insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);
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ERROR: tuple references non-existent key
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DETAIL: Trigger "check_fkeys_pkey2_exist" found tuple referencing non-existent key in "fkeys2".
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delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
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ERROR: "check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict": tuple is referenced in "fkeys"
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CONTEXT: SQL statement "delete from fkeys2 where fkey21 = $1 and fkey22 = $2 "
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delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys2 are deleted
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update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
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ERROR: "check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict": tuple is referenced in "fkeys"
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CONTEXT: SQL statement "delete from fkeys2 where fkey21 = $1 and fkey22 = $2 "
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update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys are deleted
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NOTICE: check_pkeys_fkey_cascade: 1 tuple(s) of fkeys2 are deleted
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DROP TABLE pkeys;
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DROP TABLE fkeys;
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DROP TABLE fkeys2;
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-- -- I've disabled the funny_dup17 test because the new semantics
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-- -- of AFTER ROW triggers, which get now fired at the end of a
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-- -- query always, cause funny_dup17 to enter an endless loop.
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-- --
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-- -- Jan
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--
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-- create table dup17 (x int4);
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--
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-- create trigger dup17_before
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-- before insert on dup17
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-- for each row
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-- execute procedure
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-- funny_dup17 ()
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-- ;
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--
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-- insert into dup17 values (17);
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-- select count(*) from dup17;
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-- insert into dup17 values (17);
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-- select count(*) from dup17;
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--
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-- drop trigger dup17_before on dup17;
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--
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-- create trigger dup17_after
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-- after insert on dup17
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-- for each row
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-- execute procedure
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-- funny_dup17 ()
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-- ;
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-- insert into dup17 values (13);
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-- select count(*) from dup17 where x = 13;
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-- insert into dup17 values (13);
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-- select count(*) from dup17 where x = 13;
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--
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-- DROP TABLE dup17;
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create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;
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create table tttest (
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price_id int4,
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price_val int4,
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price_on int4,
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price_off int4 default 999999
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);
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create trigger ttdummy
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before delete or update on tttest
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for each row
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execute procedure
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ttdummy (price_on, price_off);
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create trigger ttserial
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before insert or update on tttest
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for each row
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execute procedure
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autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);
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insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
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insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
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insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 999999
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3 | 3 | 30 | 999999
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(3 rows)
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delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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3 | 3 | 30 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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(3 rows)
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-- what do we see ?
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-- get current prices
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select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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3 | 3 | 30 | 999999
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(2 rows)
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-- change price for price_id == 3
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update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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3 | 30 | 50 | 999999
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3 | 3 | 30 | 50
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(4 rows)
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-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
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-- this gets us not what we need
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update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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3 | 3 | 30 | 50
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5 | 30 | 60 | 999999
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3 | 30 | 50 | 60
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(5 rows)
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-- restore data as before last update:
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select set_ttdummy(0);
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set_ttdummy
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-------------
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1
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(1 row)
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delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
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update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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3 | 3 | 30 | 50
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3 | 30 | 50 | 999999
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(4 rows)
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-- and try change price_id now!
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update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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1 | 1 | 10 | 999999
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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5 | 3 | 30 | 50
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5 | 30 | 50 | 999999
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(4 rows)
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-- isn't it what we need ?
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select set_ttdummy(1);
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set_ttdummy
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-------------
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0
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(1 row)
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-- we want to correct some "date"
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update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
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ERROR: ttdummy (tttest): you cannot change price_on and/or price_off columns (use set_ttdummy)
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-- but this doesn't work
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-- try in this way
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select set_ttdummy(0);
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set_ttdummy
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-------------
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1
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(1 row)
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update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
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select * from tttest;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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2 | 2 | 20 | 40
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5 | 3 | 30 | 50
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5 | 30 | 50 | 999999
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1 | 1 | -1 | 999999
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(4 rows)
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-- isn't it what we need ?
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-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
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select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;
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price_id | price_val | price_on | price_off
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----------+-----------+----------+-----------
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5 | 3 | 30 | 50
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(1 row)
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drop table tttest;
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drop sequence ttdummy_seq;
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--
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-- tests for per-statement triggers
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--
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CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);
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CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);
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COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
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CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
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BEGIN
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RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
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RETURN NULL;
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END;';
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CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
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FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');
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CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
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FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');
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--
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-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
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-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
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--
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CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
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EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');
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-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
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-- fire. Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
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-- defined.
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INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
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DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');
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INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
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UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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-- constraint now unneeded
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ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;
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-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
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COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
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a | b
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----+----
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6 | 10
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21 | 20
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30 | 40
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31 | 10
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50 | 35
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50 | 60
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81 | 15
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(8 rows)
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--
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-- test triggers with WHEN clause
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--
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CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
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CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
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CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
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CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
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CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
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FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
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CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
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FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
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INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
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NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(insert_when) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(insert_a) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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COPY main_table FROM stdin;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(insert_when) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
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NOTICE: trigger_func(insert_a) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
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NOTICE: trigger_func(delete_a) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(delete_a) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(delete_when) called: action = DELETE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_any) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_any) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(modified_a) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
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NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
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SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
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a | b
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----+----
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6 | 10
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21 | 20
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30 | 40
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31 | 10
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50 | 35
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50 | 60
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81 | 15
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(8 rows)
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SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
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pg_get_triggerdef
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN (old.a <> new.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a')
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(1 row)
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SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
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pg_get_triggerdef
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN ((old.a <> new.a)) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a')
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(1 row)
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SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
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pg_get_triggerdef
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table FOR EACH ROW WHEN (old.* IS DISTINCT FROM new.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any')
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(1 row)
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DROP TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table;
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DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
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DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
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DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
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DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
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DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;
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-- Test column-level triggers
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DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;
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CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
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FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');
|
|
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';
|
|
pg_get_triggerdef
|
|
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row')
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
--
|
|
-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
|
|
--
|
|
CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
|
|
BEGIN
|
|
RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
|
|
TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
|
|
RETURN NEW;
|
|
END;
|
|
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
|
|
WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
|
|
WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
|
|
INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
|
|
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
|
|
NOTICE: dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (t)
|
|
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
|
|
NOTICE: dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (f)
|
|
NOTICE: dummy_update_func(afterb) called: action = UPDATE, old = (t), new = (f)
|
|
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
|
|
NOTICE: dummy_update_func(before) called: action = UPDATE, old = (f), new = (t)
|
|
NOTICE: dummy_update_func(aftera) called: action = UPDATE, old = (f), new = (t)
|
|
DROP TABLE some_t;
|
|
-- bogus cases
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
|
|
ERROR: duplicate trigger events specified at or near "ON"
|
|
LINE 1: ...ER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_ta...
|
|
^
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
|
|
ERROR: column "a" specified more than once
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
|
|
ERROR: syntax error at or near "OF"
|
|
LINE 1: CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
|
|
^
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
|
|
ERROR: INSERT trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference OLD values
|
|
LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
|
|
^
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
|
|
ERROR: DELETE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW values
|
|
LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
|
|
^
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
|
|
ERROR: BEFORE trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference NEW system columns
|
|
LINE 2: FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
|
|
^
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');
|
|
ERROR: statement trigger's WHEN condition cannot reference column values
|
|
LINE 2: FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
|
|
^
|
|
-- check dependency restrictions
|
|
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
|
|
ERROR: cannot drop table main_table column b because other objects depend on it
|
|
DETAIL: trigger after_upd_b_row_trig on table main_table depends on table main_table column b
|
|
trigger after_upd_a_b_row_trig on table main_table depends on table main_table column b
|
|
trigger after_upd_b_stmt_trig on table main_table depends on table main_table column b
|
|
HINT: Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.
|
|
-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
|
|
begin;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
|
|
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
|
|
rollback;
|
|
-- Test enable/disable triggers
|
|
create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
|
|
-- test that disabling RI triggers works
|
|
create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);
|
|
create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
raise notice '% % % %', TG_RELNAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;$$ language plpgsql;
|
|
create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
|
|
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
|
|
create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
|
|
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
|
|
create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
|
|
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
|
|
create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
|
|
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
|
|
insert into trigtest default values;
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT BEFORE STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT BEFORE ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT AFTER ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
|
|
alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
|
|
insert into trigtest default values;
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT BEFORE STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT AFTER ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
|
|
alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
|
|
insert into trigtest default values;
|
|
alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
|
|
insert into trigtest default values;
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest INSERT AFTER STATEMENT
|
|
insert into trigtest2 values(1);
|
|
insert into trigtest2 values(2);
|
|
delete from trigtest where i=2;
|
|
NOTICE: trigtest DELETE AFTER STATEMENT
|
|
select * from trigtest2;
|
|
i
|
|
---
|
|
1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
|
|
delete from trigtest where i=1;
|
|
select * from trigtest2;
|
|
i
|
|
---
|
|
1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
|
|
insert into trigtest default values;
|
|
select * from trigtest;
|
|
i
|
|
---
|
|
3
|
|
4
|
|
5
|
|
(3 rows)
|
|
|
|
drop table trigtest2;
|
|
drop table trigtest;
|
|
-- dump trigger data
|
|
CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
|
|
i int,
|
|
v varchar
|
|
);
|
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data() RETURNS trigger
|
|
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
|
|
|
|
declare
|
|
|
|
argstr text;
|
|
relid text;
|
|
|
|
begin
|
|
|
|
relid := TG_relid::regclass;
|
|
|
|
-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
|
|
-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
|
|
-- so we have to hard code the names.
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;
|
|
|
|
argstr := '[';
|
|
for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
|
|
if i > 0 then
|
|
argstr := argstr || ', ';
|
|
end if;
|
|
argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
|
|
end loop;
|
|
argstr := argstr || ']';
|
|
raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;
|
|
|
|
if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
|
|
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
|
|
raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
|
|
return OLD;
|
|
else
|
|
return NEW;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
|
|
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');
|
|
insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
|
|
NOTICE: TG_WHEN: BEFORE
|
|
NOTICE: TG_LEVEL: ROW
|
|
NOTICE: TG_OP: INSERT
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NARGS: 2
|
|
NOTICE: TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
|
|
NOTICE: NEW: (1,insert)
|
|
update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
|
|
NOTICE: TG_WHEN: BEFORE
|
|
NOTICE: TG_LEVEL: ROW
|
|
NOTICE: TG_OP: UPDATE
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NARGS: 2
|
|
NOTICE: TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (1,insert)
|
|
NOTICE: NEW: (1,update)
|
|
delete from trigger_test;
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NAME: show_trigger_data_trig
|
|
NOTICE: TG_WHEN: BEFORE
|
|
NOTICE: TG_LEVEL: ROW
|
|
NOTICE: TG_OP: DELETE
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELID::regclass: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_RELNAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_NAME: trigger_test
|
|
NOTICE: TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: public
|
|
NOTICE: TG_NARGS: 2
|
|
NOTICE: TG_ARGV: [23, skidoo]
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (1,update)
|
|
DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;
|
|
DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();
|
|
DROP TABLE trigger_test;
|
|
--
|
|
-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
|
|
--
|
|
CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);
|
|
-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
|
|
raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
|
|
else
|
|
raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end$$;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER t
|
|
BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();
|
|
INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
|
|
INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 not changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 changed
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 changed
|
|
-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 changed
|
|
-- the right way when considering nulls is
|
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
|
|
raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
|
|
else
|
|
raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end$$;
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 changed
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 changed
|
|
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
|
|
NOTICE: row 1 not changed
|
|
NOTICE: row 2 not changed
|
|
DROP TABLE trigger_test;
|
|
DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();
|
|
-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
|
|
-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
|
|
$$
|
|
declare
|
|
rec record;
|
|
begin
|
|
new.description = 'updated in trigger';
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
|
|
id int,
|
|
filler text,
|
|
description text
|
|
);
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();
|
|
INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
|
|
FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;
|
|
BEGIN;
|
|
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
|
|
UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
|
|
COMMIT;
|
|
SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
|
|
description
|
|
--------------------
|
|
updated in trigger
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;
|
|
-- minimal update trigger
|
|
CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
|
|
f1 text,
|
|
f2 int,
|
|
f3 int);
|
|
CREATE TABLE min_updates_test_oids (
|
|
f1 text,
|
|
f2 int,
|
|
f3 int) WITH OIDS;
|
|
INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
|
|
INSERT INTO min_updates_test_oids VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
|
|
BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
|
|
BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test_oids
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();
|
|
\set QUIET false
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;
|
|
UPDATE 2
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f1 = f1;
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f2 = f2 + 1;
|
|
UPDATE 2
|
|
UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
\set QUIET true
|
|
SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;
|
|
f1 | f2 | f3
|
|
----+----+----
|
|
a | 2 | 2
|
|
b | 3 | 2
|
|
(2 rows)
|
|
|
|
SELECT * FROM min_updates_test_oids;
|
|
f1 | f2 | f3
|
|
----+----+----
|
|
a | 2 | 2
|
|
b | 3 | 2
|
|
(2 rows)
|
|
|
|
DROP TABLE min_updates_test;
|
|
DROP TABLE min_updates_test_oids;
|
|
--
|
|
-- Test triggers on views
|
|
--
|
|
CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;
|
|
-- VIEW trigger function
|
|
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
|
|
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
|
|
declare
|
|
argstr text := '';
|
|
begin
|
|
for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
|
|
if i > 0 then
|
|
argstr := argstr || ', ';
|
|
end if;
|
|
argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
|
|
end loop;
|
|
|
|
raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_RELNAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;
|
|
|
|
if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
|
|
if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
|
|
raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
|
|
INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
|
|
RETURN NEW;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
|
|
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
|
|
UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
|
|
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
|
|
RETURN NEW;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
|
|
raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
|
|
DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
|
|
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
|
|
RETURN OLD;
|
|
end if;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
RETURN NULL;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have row-level BEFORE or AFTER triggers.
|
|
-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have TRUNCATE triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');
|
|
ERROR: "main_view" is a view
|
|
DETAIL: Views cannot have TRUNCATE triggers.
|
|
-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
|
|
ERROR: "main_table" is a table
|
|
DETAIL: Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
|
|
ERROR: "main_table" is a table
|
|
DETAIL: Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
|
|
ERROR: "main_table" is a table
|
|
DETAIL: Tables cannot have INSTEAD OF triggers.
|
|
-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
|
|
ERROR: INSTEAD OF triggers cannot have WHEN conditions
|
|
-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
|
|
ERROR: INSTEAD OF triggers cannot have column lists
|
|
-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
|
|
ERROR: INSTEAD OF triggers must be FOR EACH ROW
|
|
-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');
|
|
-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');
|
|
-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
|
|
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');
|
|
\set QUIET false
|
|
-- Insert into view using trigger
|
|
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT (before_view_ins_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF INSERT ROW (instead_of_ins)
|
|
NOTICE: NEW: (20,30)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER INSERT STATEMENT (after_view_ins_stmt)
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE INSERT STATEMENT (before_view_ins_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF INSERT ROW (instead_of_ins)
|
|
NOTICE: NEW: (21,31)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_ins_stmt) called: action = INSERT, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER INSERT STATEMENT (after_view_ins_stmt)
|
|
a | b
|
|
----+----
|
|
21 | 31
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
-- Table trigger will prevent updates
|
|
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (20,30), NEW: (20,31)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (21,31), NEW: (21,32)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
a | b
|
|
---+---
|
|
(0 rows)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
|
|
DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER
|
|
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (20,30), NEW: (20,31)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF UPDATE ROW (instead_of_upd)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (21,31), NEW: (21,32)
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(before_upd_a_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = BEFORE, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_a_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_row) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = ROW
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_b_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: trigger_func(after_upd_stmt) called: action = UPDATE, when = AFTER, level = STATEMENT
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
a | b
|
|
----+----
|
|
21 | 32
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
|
|
UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE UPDATE STATEMENT (before_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER UPDATE STATEMENT (after_view_upd_stmt)
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
-- Delete from view using trigger
|
|
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT (before_view_del_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (21,10)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (20,31)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (21,32)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER DELETE STATEMENT (after_view_del_stmt)
|
|
DELETE 3
|
|
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;
|
|
NOTICE: main_view BEFORE DELETE STATEMENT (before_view_del_stmt)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view INSTEAD OF DELETE ROW (instead_of_del)
|
|
NOTICE: OLD: (31,10)
|
|
NOTICE: main_view AFTER DELETE STATEMENT (after_view_del_stmt)
|
|
a | b
|
|
----+----
|
|
31 | 10
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
DELETE 1
|
|
\set QUIET true
|
|
-- Describe view should list triggers
|
|
\d main_view
|
|
View "public.main_view"
|
|
Column | Type | Modifiers
|
|
--------+---------+-----------
|
|
a | integer |
|
|
b | integer |
|
|
Triggers:
|
|
after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt')
|
|
after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt')
|
|
after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt')
|
|
before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt')
|
|
before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt')
|
|
before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt')
|
|
instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del')
|
|
instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins')
|
|
instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd')
|
|
|
|
-- Test dropping view triggers
|
|
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
|
|
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
|
|
\d+ main_view
|
|
View "public.main_view"
|
|
Column | Type | Modifiers | Storage | Description
|
|
--------+---------+-----------+---------+-------------
|
|
a | integer | | plain |
|
|
b | integer | | plain |
|
|
View definition:
|
|
SELECT main_table.a,
|
|
main_table.b
|
|
FROM main_table;
|
|
Triggers:
|
|
after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt')
|
|
after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt')
|
|
after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt')
|
|
before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt')
|
|
before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt')
|
|
before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt')
|
|
instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd')
|
|
|
|
DROP VIEW main_view;
|
|
--
|
|
-- Test triggers on a join view
|
|
--
|
|
CREATE TABLE country_table (
|
|
country_id serial primary key,
|
|
country_name text unique not null,
|
|
continent text not null
|
|
);
|
|
INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
|
|
VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
|
|
('UK', 'Europe'),
|
|
('USA', 'North America')
|
|
RETURNING *;
|
|
country_id | country_name | continent
|
|
------------+--------------+---------------
|
|
1 | Japan | Asia
|
|
2 | UK | Europe
|
|
3 | USA | North America
|
|
(3 rows)
|
|
|
|
CREATE TABLE city_table (
|
|
city_id serial primary key,
|
|
city_name text not null,
|
|
population bigint,
|
|
country_id int references country_table
|
|
);
|
|
CREATE VIEW city_view AS
|
|
SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
|
|
FROM city_table ci
|
|
LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
|
|
declare
|
|
ctry_id int;
|
|
begin
|
|
if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
|
|
SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
|
|
FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
|
|
if NOT FOUND then
|
|
raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
|
|
end if;
|
|
else
|
|
NEW.continent := NULL;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
|
|
INSERT INTO city_table
|
|
VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
|
|
else
|
|
INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
|
|
VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
|
|
RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
RETURN NEW;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
|
|
begin
|
|
DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
|
|
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
|
|
RETURN OLD;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
|
|
declare
|
|
ctry_id int;
|
|
begin
|
|
if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
|
|
SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
|
|
FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
|
|
if NOT FOUND then
|
|
raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
|
|
population = NEW.population,
|
|
country_id = ctry_id
|
|
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
|
|
else
|
|
UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
|
|
population = NEW.population
|
|
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
|
|
NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
|
|
end if;
|
|
|
|
if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
|
|
RETURN NEW;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
|
|
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();
|
|
\set QUIET false
|
|
-- INSERT .. RETURNING
|
|
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
1 | Tokyo | | |
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
2 | London | 7556900 | |
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+---------------+------------+--------------+---------------
|
|
3 | Washington DC | | USA | North America
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
123456 | New York | | |
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
234567 | Birmingham | 1016800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
|
|
ERROR: No such country: "Japon"
|
|
CONTEXT: PL/pgSQL function city_update() line 9 at RAISE
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
1 | Tokyo | | Japan | Asia
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
1 | Tokyo | 13010279 | Japan | Asia
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
123456 | New York | | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------
|
|
123456 | New York | 8391881 | USA | North America
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
234567 | Birmingham | 1016800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
|
|
WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent | city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------+---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
2 | London | 7556900 | UK | Europe | 234567 | Birmingham | 1016800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
-- DELETE .. RETURNING
|
|
DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+------------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
234567 | Birmingham | 1016800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
DELETE 1
|
|
\set QUIET true
|
|
-- read-only view with WHERE clause
|
|
CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
|
|
SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
|
|
SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;
|
|
count
|
|
-------
|
|
1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
|
|
AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';
|
|
CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
|
|
ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();
|
|
\set QUIET false
|
|
INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
|
|
INSERT 0 0
|
|
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
DELETE FROM european_city_view;
|
|
DELETE 0
|
|
\set QUIET true
|
|
-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
|
|
CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
|
|
DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
|
|
VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
|
|
RETURNING *;
|
|
CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
|
|
DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
|
|
city_name = NEW.city_name,
|
|
population = NEW.population,
|
|
country_name = NEW.country_name
|
|
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
|
|
RETURNING NEW.*;
|
|
CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
|
|
DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;
|
|
\set QUIET false
|
|
-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
|
|
INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
|
|
VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+---------------
|
|
4 | Cambridge | | USA | North America
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
INSERT 0 1
|
|
UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
|
|
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
|
|
UPDATE 0
|
|
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
|
|
DELETE 0
|
|
-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
|
|
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
|
|
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
4 | Cambridge | | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
|
|
WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
4 | Cambridge | 122800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+-----------+------------+--------------+-----------
|
|
4 | Cambridge | 122800 | UK | Europe
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
DELETE 1
|
|
-- join UPDATE test
|
|
UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
|
|
FROM city_table ci, country_table co
|
|
WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
|
|
AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
|
|
RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
|
|
v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;
|
|
country_id | country_name | city_id | city_name | population
|
|
------------+--------------+---------+---------------+------------
|
|
3 | USA | 3 | Washington DC | 599657
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
UPDATE 1
|
|
\set QUIET true
|
|
SELECT * FROM city_view;
|
|
city_id | city_name | population | country_name | continent
|
|
---------+---------------+------------+--------------+---------------
|
|
1 | Tokyo | 13010279 | Japan | Asia
|
|
123456 | New York | 8391881 | USA | North America
|
|
2 | London | 7556900 | UK | Europe
|
|
3 | Washington DC | 599657 | USA | North America
|
|
(4 rows)
|
|
|
|
DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
|
|
NOTICE: drop cascades to 2 other objects
|
|
DETAIL: drop cascades to view city_view
|
|
drop cascades to view european_city_view
|
|
DROP TABLE country_table;
|
|
-- Test pg_trigger_depth()
|
|
create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
|
|
create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
|
|
create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);
|
|
create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
|
|
language plpgsql as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
insert into depth_b values (new.id);
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
|
|
for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();
|
|
create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
|
|
language plpgsql as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
begin
|
|
execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
|
|
exception
|
|
when sqlstate 'U9999' then
|
|
raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
end;
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
if new.id = 1 then
|
|
execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
|
|
for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();
|
|
create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
|
|
language plpgsql as $$
|
|
begin
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
if new.id = 1 then
|
|
raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
|
|
end if;
|
|
raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
|
|
for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();
|
|
select pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
pg_trigger_depth
|
|
------------------
|
|
0
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
insert into depth_a values (1);
|
|
NOTICE: depth_a_tr: depth = 1
|
|
NOTICE: depth_b_tr: depth = 2
|
|
NOTICE: depth_c_tr: depth = 3
|
|
NOTICE: SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = 2
|
|
NOTICE: depth_b_tr: depth = 2
|
|
NOTICE: depth_c_tr: depth = 3
|
|
ERROR: U9999
|
|
CONTEXT: PL/pgSQL function depth_c_tf() line 5 at RAISE
|
|
SQL statement "insert into depth_c values (1)"
|
|
PL/pgSQL function depth_b_tf() line 12 at EXECUTE
|
|
SQL statement "insert into depth_b values (new.id)"
|
|
PL/pgSQL function depth_a_tf() line 4 at SQL statement
|
|
select pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
pg_trigger_depth
|
|
------------------
|
|
0
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
insert into depth_a values (2);
|
|
NOTICE: depth_a_tr: depth = 1
|
|
NOTICE: depth_b_tr: depth = 2
|
|
NOTICE: depth_c_tr: depth = 3
|
|
NOTICE: depth_c_tr: depth = 3
|
|
NOTICE: depth_b_tr: depth = 2
|
|
NOTICE: depth_a_tr: depth = 1
|
|
select pg_trigger_depth();
|
|
pg_trigger_depth
|
|
------------------
|
|
0
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
|
|
drop function depth_a_tf();
|
|
drop function depth_b_tf();
|
|
drop function depth_c_tf();
|
|
--
|
|
-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
|
|
-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
|
|
--
|
|
create temp table parent (
|
|
aid int not null primary key,
|
|
val1 text,
|
|
val2 text,
|
|
val3 text,
|
|
val4 text,
|
|
bcnt int not null default 0);
|
|
create temp table child (
|
|
bid int not null primary key,
|
|
aid int not null,
|
|
val1 text);
|
|
create function parent_upd_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
|
|
new.val2 = new.val1;
|
|
delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
|
|
for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();
|
|
create function parent_del_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
delete from child where aid = old.aid;
|
|
return old;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
|
|
for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();
|
|
create function child_ins_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
|
|
for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();
|
|
create function child_del_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
|
|
return old;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
|
|
for each row execute procedure child_del_func();
|
|
insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
|
|
insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
|
|
select * from parent; select * from child;
|
|
aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt
|
|
-----+------+------+------+------+------
|
|
1 | a | a | a | a | 1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
bid | aid | val1
|
|
-----+-----+------
|
|
10 | 1 | b
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
|
|
ERROR: tuple to be updated was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
|
|
HINT: Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
|
|
select * from parent; select * from child;
|
|
aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt
|
|
-----+------+------+------+------+------
|
|
1 | a | a | a | a | 1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
bid | aid | val1
|
|
-----+-----+------
|
|
10 | 1 | b
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
|
|
ERROR: tuple to be updated was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
|
|
HINT: Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
|
|
select * from parent; select * from child;
|
|
aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt
|
|
-----+------+------+------+------+------
|
|
1 | a | a | a | a | 1
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
bid | aid | val1
|
|
-----+-----+------
|
|
10 | 1 | b
|
|
(1 row)
|
|
|
|
-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
|
|
-- having modified a child
|
|
create or replace function parent_del_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
delete from child where aid = old.aid;
|
|
if found then
|
|
delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
|
|
return null; -- cancel outer deletion
|
|
end if;
|
|
return old;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
delete from parent where aid = 1;
|
|
select * from parent; select * from child;
|
|
aid | val1 | val2 | val3 | val4 | bcnt
|
|
-----+------+------+------+------+------
|
|
(0 rows)
|
|
|
|
bid | aid | val1
|
|
-----+-----+------
|
|
(0 rows)
|
|
|
|
drop table parent, child;
|
|
drop function parent_upd_func();
|
|
drop function parent_del_func();
|
|
drop function child_ins_func();
|
|
drop function child_del_func();
|
|
-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
|
|
-- rows can be affected by a single operation
|
|
create temp table self_ref_trigger (
|
|
id int primary key,
|
|
parent int references self_ref_trigger,
|
|
data text,
|
|
nchildren int not null default 0
|
|
);
|
|
create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
if new.parent is not null then
|
|
update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
|
|
where id = new.parent;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
|
|
for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
|
|
create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
if old.parent is not null then
|
|
update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
|
|
where id = old.parent;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return old;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
|
|
for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();
|
|
insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
|
|
insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
|
|
insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
|
|
insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
|
|
insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');
|
|
update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;
|
|
select * from self_ref_trigger;
|
|
id | parent | data | nchildren
|
|
----+--------+--------------+-----------
|
|
2 | 1 | root child A | 1
|
|
4 | 2 | grandchild 1 | 0
|
|
3 | 1 | root child B | 1
|
|
5 | 3 | grandchild 2 | 0
|
|
1 | | root! | 2
|
|
(5 rows)
|
|
|
|
delete from self_ref_trigger;
|
|
ERROR: tuple to be updated was already modified by an operation triggered by the current command
|
|
HINT: Consider using an AFTER trigger instead of a BEFORE trigger to propagate changes to other rows.
|
|
select * from self_ref_trigger;
|
|
id | parent | data | nchildren
|
|
----+--------+--------------+-----------
|
|
2 | 1 | root child A | 1
|
|
4 | 2 | grandchild 1 | 0
|
|
3 | 1 | root child B | 1
|
|
5 | 3 | grandchild 2 | 0
|
|
1 | | root! | 2
|
|
(5 rows)
|
|
|
|
drop table self_ref_trigger;
|
|
drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
|
|
drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();
|
|
--
|
|
-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
|
|
-- DO UPDATE
|
|
--
|
|
create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);
|
|
create function upsert_before_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
|
|
raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
|
|
raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
|
|
elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
|
|
raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
|
|
if new.key % 2 = 0 then
|
|
new.key := new.key + 1;
|
|
new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
|
|
raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
|
|
end if;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return new;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
|
|
for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();
|
|
create function upsert_after_func()
|
|
returns trigger language plpgsql as
|
|
$$
|
|
begin
|
|
if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
|
|
raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
|
|
raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
|
|
elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
|
|
raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
|
|
end if;
|
|
return null;
|
|
end;
|
|
$$;
|
|
create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
|
|
for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();
|
|
insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
|
|
WARNING: before insert (new): (1,black)
|
|
WARNING: after insert (new): (1,black)
|
|
insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
|
|
WARNING: before insert (new): (2,red)
|
|
WARNING: before insert (new, modified): (3,"red trig modified")
|
|
WARNING: after insert (new): (3,"red trig modified")
|
|
insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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WARNING: before insert (new): (3,orange)
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WARNING: before update (old): (3,"red trig modified")
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WARNING: before update (new): (3,"updated red trig modified")
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WARNING: after update (old): (3,"red trig modified")
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WARNING: after update (new): (3,"updated red trig modified")
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insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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WARNING: before insert (new): (4,green)
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WARNING: before insert (new, modified): (5,"green trig modified")
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WARNING: after insert (new): (5,"green trig modified")
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insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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WARNING: before insert (new): (5,purple)
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WARNING: before update (old): (5,"green trig modified")
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|
WARNING: before update (new): (5,"updated green trig modified")
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WARNING: after update (old): (5,"green trig modified")
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|
WARNING: after update (new): (5,"updated green trig modified")
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|
insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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WARNING: before insert (new): (6,white)
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WARNING: before insert (new, modified): (7,"white trig modified")
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WARNING: after insert (new): (7,"white trig modified")
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insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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WARNING: before insert (new): (7,pink)
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|
WARNING: before update (old): (7,"white trig modified")
|
|
WARNING: before update (new): (7,"updated white trig modified")
|
|
WARNING: after update (old): (7,"white trig modified")
|
|
WARNING: after update (new): (7,"updated white trig modified")
|
|
insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
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|
WARNING: before insert (new): (8,yellow)
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WARNING: before insert (new, modified): (9,"yellow trig modified")
|
|
WARNING: after insert (new): (9,"yellow trig modified")
|
|
select * from upsert;
|
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key | color
|
|
-----+-----------------------------
|
|
1 | black
|
|
3 | updated red trig modified
|
|
5 | updated green trig modified
|
|
7 | updated white trig modified
|
|
9 | yellow trig modified
|
|
(5 rows)
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|
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drop table upsert;
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drop function upsert_before_func();
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|
drop function upsert_after_func();
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