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postgresql/src/test/regress/expected/strings.out

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--
-- STRINGS
-- Test various data entry syntaxes.
--
-- SQL string continuation syntax
-- E021-03 character string literals
SELECT 'first line'
' - next line'
' - third line'
AS "Three lines to one";
Three lines to one
-------------------------------------
first line - next line - third line
(1 row)
-- illegal string continuation syntax
SELECT 'first line'
' - next line' /* this comment is not allowed here */
' - third line'
AS "Illegal comment within continuation";
ERROR: syntax error at or near "' - third line'"
LINE 3: ' - third line'
^
-- Unicode escapes
SET standard_conforming_strings TO on;
SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
data
------
data
(1 row)
SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
dat\+000061
-------------
dat\+000061
(1 row)
SELECT U&'a\\b' AS "a\b";
a\b
-----
a\b
(1 row)
SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
tricky
--------
\
(1 row)
SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
\
--------
tricky
(1 row)
SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
^
HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
^
HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX or \+XXXXXX.
SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
ERROR: UESCAPE must be followed by a simple string literal at or near "+"
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE +;
^
SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape character at or near "'+'"
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99xy';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\\';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \db99\0061';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+00db99\+000061';
^
SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+2FFFFF';
^
-- while we're here, check the same cases in E-style literals
SELECT E'd\u0061t\U00000061' AS "data";
data
------
data
(1 row)
SELECT E'a\\b' AS "a\b";
a\b
-----
a\b
(1 row)
SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \u061';
^
HINT: Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0061';
^
HINT: Unicode escapes must be \uXXXX or \UXXXXXXXX.
SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "'"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99';
^
SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "x"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99xy';
^
SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\\';
^
SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\u0061"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \udb99\u0061';
^
SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair at or near "\U00000061"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061';
^
SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape value at or near "\U002FFFFF"
LINE 1: SELECT E'wrong: \U002FFFFF';
^
SET standard_conforming_strings TO off;
SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&'d\0061t\+000061' AS U&"d\0061t\+000061";
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061" UESCAPE '*';
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&'d!0061t\+000061' UESCAPE '!' AS U&"d*0061t\+000061...
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&' \' UESCAPE '!' AS "tricky";
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
SELECT 'tricky' AS U&"\" UESCAPE '!';
\
--------
tricky
(1 row)
SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \061';
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: \+0061';
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
ERROR: unsafe use of string constant with Unicode escapes
LINE 1: SELECT U&'wrong: +0061' UESCAPE '+';
^
DETAIL: String constants with Unicode escapes cannot be used when standard_conforming_strings is off.
RESET standard_conforming_strings;
-- bytea
SET bytea_output TO hex;
SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
------------
\xdeadbeef
(1 row)
SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
bytea
------------
\xdeadbeef
(1 row)
SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
ERROR: invalid hexadecimal data: odd number of digits
LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeE'::bytea;
^
SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
ERROR: invalid hexadecimal digit: "x"
LINE 1: SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEx'::bytea;
^
SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
bytea
------------
\xde00beef
(1 row)
SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
--------------------
\x4465416442654566
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
--------------------
\x4465006442654566
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\123dBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
--------------------
\x4465536442654566
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
--------------------
\x4465536442654566
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
ERROR: invalid input syntax for type bytea
LINE 1: SELECT E'De\\678dBeEf'::bytea;
^
SET bytea_output TO escape;
SELECT E'\\xDeAdBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
------------------
\336\255\276\357
(1 row)
SELECT E'\\x De Ad Be Ef '::bytea;
bytea
------------------
\336\255\276\357
(1 row)
SELECT E'\\xDe00BeEf'::bytea;
bytea
------------------
\336\000\276\357
(1 row)
SELECT E'DeAdBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
----------
DeAdBeEf
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\\000dBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
-------------
De\000dBeEf
(1 row)
SELECT E'De\\123dBeEf'::bytea;
bytea
----------
DeSdBeEf
(1 row)
-- Test non-error-throwing API too
SELECT pg_input_is_valid(E'\\xDeAdBeE', 'bytea');
pg_input_is_valid
-------------------
f
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'\\xDeAdBeE', 'bytea');
message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
------------------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
invalid hexadecimal data: odd number of digits | | | 22023
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'\\xDeAdBeEx', 'bytea');
message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
--------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
invalid hexadecimal digit: "x" | | | 22023
(1 row)
SELECT * FROM pg_input_error_info(E'foo\\99bar', 'bytea');
message | detail | hint | sql_error_code
-------------------------------------+--------+------+----------------
invalid input syntax for type bytea | | | 22P02
(1 row)
--
-- test conversions between various string types
-- E021-10 implicit casting among the character data types
--
SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
text(char)
------------
a
ab
abcd
abcd
(4 rows)
SELECT CAST(f1 AS text) AS "text(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
text(varchar)
---------------
a
ab
abcd
abcd
(4 rows)
SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS text) AS "text(name)";
text(name)
------------
namefield
(1 row)
-- since this is an explicit cast, it should truncate w/o error:
SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
char(text)
------------
doh!
hi de ho n
(2 rows)
-- note: implicit-cast case is tested in char.sql
SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(20)) AS "char(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
char(text)
----------------------
doh!
hi de ho neighbor
(2 rows)
SELECT CAST(f1 AS char(10)) AS "char(varchar)" FROM VARCHAR_TBL;
char(varchar)
---------------
a
ab
abcd
abcd
(4 rows)
SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS char(10)) AS "char(name)";
char(name)
------------
namefield
(1 row)
SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(text)" FROM TEXT_TBL;
varchar(text)
-------------------
doh!
hi de ho neighbor
(2 rows)
SELECT CAST(f1 AS varchar) AS "varchar(char)" FROM CHAR_TBL;
varchar(char)
---------------
a
ab
abcd
abcd
(4 rows)
SELECT CAST(name 'namefield' AS varchar) AS "varchar(name)";
varchar(name)
---------------
namefield
(1 row)
--
-- test SQL string functions
-- E### and T### are feature reference numbers from SQL99
--
-- E021-09 trim function
SELECT TRIM(BOTH FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks' AS "bunch o blanks";
bunch o blanks
----------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT TRIM(LEADING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = 'bunch o blanks ' AS "bunch o blanks ";
bunch o blanks
------------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT TRIM(TRAILING FROM ' bunch o blanks ') = ' bunch o blanks' AS " bunch o blanks";
bunch o blanks
------------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT TRIM(BOTH 'x' FROM 'xxxxxsome Xsxxxxx') = 'some Xs' AS "some Xs";
some Xs
---------
t
(1 row)
-- E021-06 substring expression
SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 3) = '34567890' AS "34567890";
34567890
----------
t
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890' FROM 4 FOR 3) = '456' AS "456";
456
-----
t
(1 row)
-- test overflow cases
SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
tring
-------
tring
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
string
--------
string
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('string' FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
-- T581 regular expression substring (with SQL's bizarre regexp syntax)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcd";
bcd
-----
bcd
(1 row)
-- obsolete SQL99 syntax
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'a#"(b_d)#"%' FOR '#') AS "bcd";
bcd
-----
bcd
(1 row)
-- No match should return NULL
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '#"(b_d)#"%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
True
------
t
(1 row)
-- Null inputs should return NULL
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE NULL) IS NULL AS "True";
True
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING(NULL SIMILAR '%' ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
True
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR NULL ESCAPE '#') IS NULL AS "True";
True
------
t
(1 row)
-- The first and last parts should act non-greedy
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
bcdef
-------
bcdef
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
abcdefg
---------
abcdefg
(1 row)
-- Vertical bar in any part affects only that part
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a|b#"%#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
bcdef
-------
bcdef
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%#"x|g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
bcdef
-------
bcdef
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%|ab#"g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdef";
bcdef
-------
bcdef
(1 row)
-- Can't have more than two part separators
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a*#"%#"g*#"x' ESCAPE '#') AS "error";
ERROR: SQL regular expression may not contain more than two escape-double-quote separators
CONTEXT: SQL function "substring" statement 1
-- Postgres extension: with 0 or 1 separator, assume parts 1 and 3 are empty
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a#"%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "bcdefg";
bcdefg
--------
bcdefg
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' SIMILAR 'a%g' ESCAPE '#') AS "abcdefg";
abcdefg
---------
abcdefg
(1 row)
-- substring() with just two arguments is not allowed by SQL spec;
-- we accept it, but we interpret the pattern as a POSIX regexp not SQL
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'c.e') AS "cde";
cde
-----
cde
(1 row)
-- With a parenthesized subexpression, return only what matches the subexpr
SELECT SUBSTRING('abcdefg' FROM 'b(.*)f') AS "cde";
cde
-----
cde
(1 row)
-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
SELECT SUBSTRING('foo' FROM 'foo(bar)?') IS NULL AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
-- Check behavior of SIMILAR TO, which uses largely the same regexp variant
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' AS true;
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO 'bcd%' AS false;
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS false;
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'abcd%' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '#' AS true;
true
------
t
(1 row)
-- Postgres uses '\' as the default escape character, which is not per spec
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' AS false;
false
-------
f
(1 row)
-- and an empty string to mean "no escape", which is also not per spec
SELECT 'abcd\efg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd\%' ESCAPE '' AS true;
true
------
t
(1 row)
-- these behaviors are per spec, though:
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd%' ESCAPE NULL AS null;
null
------
(1 row)
SELECT 'abcdefg' SIMILAR TO '_bcd#%' ESCAPE '##' AS error;
ERROR: invalid escape string
HINT: Escape string must be empty or one character.
-- Test backslash escapes in regexp_replace's replacement string
SELECT regexp_replace('1112223333', E'(\\d{3})(\\d{3})(\\d{4})', E'(\\1) \\2-\\3');
regexp_replace
----------------
(111) 222-3333
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\&Y', 'g');
regexp_replace
-------------------
fXooYbaXrrYbaXzzY
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\\\Y', 'g');
regexp_replace
----------------
fX\YbaX\YbaX\Y
(1 row)
-- not an error, though perhaps it should be:
SELECT regexp_replace('foobarrbazz', E'(.)\\1', E'X\\Y\\1Z\\');
regexp_replace
-----------------
fX\YoZ\barrbazz
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('AAA BBB CCC ', E'\\s+', ' ', 'g');
regexp_replace
----------------
AAA BBB CCC
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('AAA', '^|$', 'Z', 'g');
regexp_replace
----------------
ZAAAZ
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'gi');
regexp_replace
----------------
Z Z
(1 row)
-- invalid regexp option
SELECT regexp_replace('AAA aaa', 'A+', 'Z', 'z');
ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
-- extended regexp_replace tests
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1);
regexp_replace
-----------------------
X PostgreSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2);
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PXstgreSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 0, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
X PXstgrXSQL fXnctXXn
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
X PostgreSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 2, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PXstgreSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 3, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PostgrXSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 9, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PostgreSQL function
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'A|e|i|o|u', 'X', 7, 0, 'i');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PostgrXSQL fXnctXXn
(1 row)
-- 'g' flag should be ignored when N is specified
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, 1, 'g');
regexp_replace
-----------------------
A PXstgreSQL function
(1 row)
-- errors
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', -1, 0, 'i');
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": -1
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', 1, -1, 'i');
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": -1
-- erroneous invocation of non-extended form
SELECT regexp_replace('A PostgreSQL function', 'a|e|i|o|u', 'X', '1');
ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "1"
HINT: If you meant to use regexp_replace() with a start parameter, cast the fourth argument to integer explicitly.
-- regexp_count tests
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123123', '(12)3');
regexp_count
--------------
5
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 1);
regexp_count
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 3);
regexp_count
--------------
3
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 33);
regexp_count
--------------
0
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, '');
regexp_count
--------------
0
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_count('ABCABCABCABC', 'Abc', 1, 'i');
regexp_count
--------------
4
(1 row)
-- errors
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', 0);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
SELECT regexp_count('123123123123', '123', -3);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": -3
-- regexp_like tests
SELECT regexp_like('Steven', '^Ste(v|ph)en$');
regexp_like
-------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 'n');
regexp_like
-------------
f
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_like('a'||CHR(10)||'d', 'a.d', 's');
regexp_like
-------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_like('abc', ' a . c ', 'x');
regexp_like
-------------
t
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_like('abc', 'a.c', 'g'); -- error
ERROR: regexp_like() does not support the "global" option
-- regexp_instr tests
SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
regexp_instr
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcdefghi', 'd.q');
regexp_instr
--------------
0
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
regexp_instr
--------------
1
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
regexp_instr
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
regexp_instr
--------------
7
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4);
regexp_instr
--------------
0
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 0, 'i');
regexp_instr
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 0);
regexp_instr
--------------
1
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 1);
regexp_instr
--------------
1
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 2);
regexp_instr
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 3);
regexp_instr
--------------
5
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 4);
regexp_instr
--------------
7
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 0, 'i', 5);
regexp_instr
--------------
0
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 0);
regexp_instr
--------------
9
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 1);
regexp_instr
--------------
4
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 2);
regexp_instr
--------------
9
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 3);
regexp_instr
--------------
7
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 4);
regexp_instr
--------------
9
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_instr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 1, 'i', 5);
regexp_instr
--------------
0
(1 row)
-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
SELECT regexp_instr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, 0, '', 1);
regexp_instr
--------------
0
(1 row)
-- errors
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": 0
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, -1);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "endoption": -1
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 2);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "endoption": 2
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, 'g');
ERROR: regexp_instr() does not support the "global" option
SELECT regexp_instr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 0, '', -1);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
-- regexp_substr tests
SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.f');
regexp_substr
---------------
def
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcdefghi', 'd.q') IS NULL AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c');
regexp_substr
---------------
abc
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 2);
regexp_substr
---------------
abc
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 3);
regexp_substr
---------------
abc
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 4) IS NULL AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'A.C', 1, 2, 'i');
regexp_substr
---------------
abc
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 0);
regexp_substr
---------------
12345678
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 1);
regexp_substr
---------------
123
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 2);
regexp_substr
---------------
45678
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 3);
regexp_substr
---------------
56
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 4);
regexp_substr
---------------
78
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_substr('1234567890', '(123)(4(56)(78))', 1, 1, 'i', 5) IS NULL AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
-- Check case where we have a match, but not a subexpression match
SELECT regexp_substr('foo', 'foo(bar)?', 1, 1, '', 1) IS NULL AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
-- errors
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 0, 1);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "start": 0
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 0);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "n": 0
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, 'g');
ERROR: regexp_substr() does not support the "global" option
SELECT regexp_substr('abcabcabc', 'a.c', 1, 1, '', -1);
ERROR: invalid value for parameter "subexpr": -1
-- set so we can tell NULL from empty string
\pset null '\\N'
-- return all matches from regexp
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$);
regexp_matches
----------------
{bar,beque}
(1 row)
-- test case insensitive
SELECT regexp_matches('foObARbEqUEbAz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'i');
regexp_matches
----------------
{bAR,bEqUE}
(1 row)
-- global option - more than one match
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebazilbarfbonk', $re$(b[^b]+)(b[^b]+)$re$, 'g');
regexp_matches
----------------
{bar,beque}
{bazil,barf}
(2 rows)
-- empty capture group (matched empty string)
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.*)(beque)$re$);
regexp_matches
----------------
{bar,"",beque}
(1 row)
-- no match
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)(beque)$re$);
regexp_matches
----------------
(0 rows)
-- optional capture group did not match, null entry in array
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(.+)?(beque)$re$);
regexp_matches
------------------
{bar,NULL,beque}
(1 row)
-- no capture groups
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$barbeque$re$);
regexp_matches
----------------
{barbeque}
(1 row)
-- start/end-of-line matches are of zero length
SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '^', 'mg');
regexp_matches
----------------
{""}
{""}
{""}
{""}
(4 rows)
SELECT regexp_matches('foo' || chr(10) || 'bar' || chr(10) || 'bequq' || chr(10) || 'baz', '$', 'mg');
regexp_matches
----------------
{""}
{""}
{""}
{""}
(4 rows)
SELECT regexp_matches('1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '^.?', 'mg');
regexp_matches
----------------
{1}
{2}
{3}
{4}
{""}
(5 rows)
SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4' || chr(10), '.?$', 'mg');
regexp_matches
----------------
{""}
{1}
{""}
{2}
{""}
{3}
{""}
{4}
{""}
{""}
(10 rows)
SELECT regexp_matches(chr(10) || '1' || chr(10) || '2' || chr(10) || '3' || chr(10) || '4', '.?$', 'mg');
regexp_matches
----------------
{""}
{1}
{""}
{2}
{""}
{3}
{""}
{4}
{""}
(9 rows)
-- give me errors
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque)$re$, 'gz');
ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(barbeque$re$);
ERROR: invalid regular expression: parentheses () not balanced
SELECT regexp_matches('foobarbequebaz', $re$(bar)(beque){2,1}$re$);
ERROR: invalid regular expression: invalid repetition count(s)
-- split string on regexp
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$) AS foo;
foo | length
-------+--------
the | 3
quick | 5
brown | 5
fox | 3
jumps | 5
over | 4
the | 3
lazy | 4
dog | 3
(9 rows)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s+$re$);
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------------------------------
{the,quick,brown,fox,jumps,over,the,lazy,dog}
(1 row)
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$) AS foo;
foo | length
-----+--------
t | 1
h | 1
e | 1
q | 1
u | 1
i | 1
c | 1
k | 1
b | 1
r | 1
o | 1
w | 1
n | 1
f | 1
o | 1
x | 1
j | 1
u | 1
m | 1
p | 1
s | 1
o | 1
v | 1
e | 1
r | 1
t | 1
h | 1
e | 1
l | 1
a | 1
z | 1
y | 1
d | 1
o | 1
g | 1
(35 rows)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', $re$\s*$re$);
regexp_split_to_array
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
{t,h,e,q,u,i,c,k,b,r,o,w,n,f,o,x,j,u,m,p,s,o,v,e,r,t,h,e,l,a,z,y,d,o,g}
(1 row)
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '') AS foo;
foo | length
-----+--------
t | 1
h | 1
e | 1
| 1
q | 1
u | 1
i | 1
c | 1
k | 1
| 1
b | 1
r | 1
o | 1
w | 1
n | 1
| 1
f | 1
o | 1
x | 1
| 1
j | 1
u | 1
m | 1
p | 1
s | 1
| 1
o | 1
v | 1
e | 1
r | 1
| 1
t | 1
h | 1
e | 1
| 1
l | 1
a | 1
z | 1
y | 1
| 1
d | 1
o | 1
g | 1
(43 rows)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', '');
regexp_split_to_array
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{t,h,e," ",q,u,i,c,k," ",b,r,o,w,n," ",f,o,x," ",j,u,m,p,s," ",o,v,e,r," ",t,h,e," ",l,a,z,y," ",d,o,g}
(1 row)
-- case insensitive
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i') AS foo;
foo | length
---------------------------+--------
th | 2
QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov | 25
r Th | 4
lazy dOG | 9
(4 rows)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'i');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------------------------------------
{th," QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ov","r Th"," lazy dOG"}
(1 row)
-- no match of pattern
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch') AS foo;
foo | length
---------------------------------------------+--------
the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog | 43
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog', 'nomatch');
regexp_split_to_array
-------------------------------------------------
{"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"}
(1 row)
-- some corner cases
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','1');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
{"",23456}
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','6');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
{12345,""}
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','.');
regexp_split_to_array
------------------------
{"","","","","","",""}
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('123456','(?:)');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
{1,2,3,4,5,6}
(1 row)
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('1','');
regexp_split_to_array
-----------------------
{1}
(1 row)
-- errors
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'zippy') AS foo;
ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'iz');
ERROR: invalid regular expression option: "z"
-- global option meaningless for regexp_split
SELECT foo, length(foo) FROM regexp_split_to_table('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g') AS foo;
ERROR: regexp_split_to_table() does not support the "global" option
SELECT regexp_split_to_array('thE QUick bROWn FOx jUMPs ovEr The lazy dOG', 'e', 'g');
ERROR: regexp_split_to_array() does not support the "global" option
-- change NULL-display back
\pset null ''
-- E021-11 position expression
SELECT POSITION('4' IN '1234567890') = '4' AS "4";
4
---
t
(1 row)
SELECT POSITION('5' IN '1234567890') = '5' AS "5";
5
---
t
(1 row)
-- T312 character overlay function
SELECT OVERLAY('abcdef' PLACING '45' FROM 4) AS "abc45f";
abc45f
--------
abc45f
(1 row)
SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5) AS "yabadaba";
yabadaba
----------
yabadaba
(1 row)
SELECT OVERLAY('yabadoo' PLACING 'daba' FROM 5 FOR 0) AS "yabadabadoo";
yabadabadoo
-------------
yabadabadoo
(1 row)
SELECT OVERLAY('babosa' PLACING 'ubb' FROM 2 FOR 4) AS "bubba";
bubba
-------
bubba
(1 row)
--
-- test LIKE
-- Be sure to form every test as a LIKE/NOT LIKE pair.
--
-- simplest examples
-- E061-04 like predicate
SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'H%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'H%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'indio%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'indio%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%eye' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%eye' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in__o' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in__o' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'in_o' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'in_o' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'abc'::name LIKE '_b_' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'abc'::name NOT LIKE '_b_' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'abc'::bytea LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'abc'::bytea NOT LIKE '_b_'::bytea AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
-- unused escape character
SELECT 'hawkeye' LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT LIKE 'h%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE 'ind_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
-- escape character
-- E061-05 like predicate with escape clause
SELECT 'h%' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%wkeye' LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%wkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%%' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%awkeye' LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'h%awkeye' NOT LIKE 'h#%a%k%e' ESCAPE '#' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'indio' NOT LIKE '_ndio' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_nd_o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'i_dio' NOT LIKE 'i$_d%o' ESCAPE '$' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'a_c'::bytea LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'a_c'::bytea NOT LIKE 'a$__'::bytea ESCAPE '$'::bytea AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
-- escape character same as pattern character
SELECT 'maca' LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'maca' NOT LIKE 'm%aca' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'ma%a' LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'ma%a' NOT LIKE 'm%a%%a' ESCAPE '%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'bear' LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'bear' NOT LIKE 'b_ear' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'be_r' LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE 'b_e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'be_r' LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'be_r' NOT LIKE '__e__r' ESCAPE '_' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
--
-- test ILIKE (case-insensitive LIKE)
-- Be sure to form every test as an ILIKE/NOT ILIKE pair.
--
SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'H%Eye' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'Hawkeye' ILIKE 'h%' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'Hawkeye' NOT ILIKE 'h%' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
SELECT 'ABC'::name ILIKE '_b_' AS "true";
true
------
t
(1 row)
SELECT 'ABC'::name NOT ILIKE '_b_' AS "false";
false
-------
f
(1 row)
--
-- test %/_ combination cases, cf bugs #4821 and #5478
--
SELECT 'foo' LIKE '_%' as t, 'f' LIKE '_%' as t, '' LIKE '_%' as f;
t | t | f
---+---+---
t | t | f
(1 row)
SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%_' as t, 'f' LIKE '%_' as t, '' LIKE '%_' as f;
t | t | f
---+---+---
t | t | f
(1 row)
SELECT 'foo' LIKE '__%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '___%' as t, 'foo' LIKE '____%' as f;
t | t | f
---+---+---
t | t | f
(1 row)
SELECT 'foo' LIKE '%__' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%___' as t, 'foo' LIKE '%____' as f;
t | t | f
---+---+---
t | t | f
(1 row)
SELECT 'jack' LIKE '%____%' AS t;
t
---
t
(1 row)
--
-- basic tests of LIKE with indexes
--
CREATE TABLE texttest (a text PRIMARY KEY, b int);
SELECT * FROM texttest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
a | b
---+---
(0 rows)
CREATE TABLE byteatest (a bytea PRIMARY KEY, b int);
SELECT * FROM byteatest WHERE a LIKE '%1%';
a | b
---+---
(0 rows)
DROP TABLE texttest, byteatest;
--
-- test implicit type conversion
--
-- E021-07 character concatenation
SELECT 'unknown' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat unknown types";
Concat unknown types
----------------------
unknown and unknown
(1 row)
SELECT text 'text' || ' and unknown' AS "Concat text to unknown type";
Concat text to unknown type
-----------------------------
text and unknown
(1 row)
SELECT char(20) 'characters' || ' and text' AS "Concat char to unknown type";
Concat char to unknown type
-----------------------------
characters and text
(1 row)
SELECT text 'text' || char(20) ' and characters' AS "Concat text to char";
Concat text to char
---------------------
text and characters
(1 row)
SELECT text 'text' || varchar ' and varchar' AS "Concat text to varchar";
Concat text to varchar
------------------------
text and varchar
(1 row)
--
-- test substr with toasted text values
--
CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 text);
insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
--
-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
-- operation used in that case
--
alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
insert into toasttest values(repeat('1234567890',10000));
-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
substr
--------
123
123
123
123
(4 rows)
-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
-- string is assumed.
SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
substr
--------
567890
567890
567890
567890
(4 rows)
-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
-- string length
SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
substr
--------
567890
567890
567890
567890
(4 rows)
TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
-- expect >0 blocks
SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
is_empty
----------
f
(1 row)
TRUNCATE TABLE toasttest;
ALTER TABLE toasttest set (toast_tuple_target = 4080);
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
INSERT INTO toasttest values (repeat('1234567890',300));
-- expect 0 blocks
SELECT pg_relation_size(reltoastrelid) = 0 AS is_empty
FROM pg_class where relname = 'toasttest';
is_empty
----------
t
(1 row)
DROP TABLE toasttest;
--
-- test substr with toasted bytea values
--
CREATE TABLE toasttest(f1 bytea);
insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
--
-- Ensure that some values are uncompressed, to test the faster substring
-- operation used in that case
--
alter table toasttest alter column f1 set storage external;
insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
insert into toasttest values(decode(repeat('1234567890',10000),'escape'));
-- If the starting position is zero or less, then return from the start of the string
-- adjusting the length to be consistent with the "negative start" per SQL.
SELECT substr(f1, -1, 5) from toasttest;
substr
--------
123
123
123
123
(4 rows)
-- If the length is less than zero, an ERROR is thrown.
SELECT substr(f1, 5, -1) from toasttest;
ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
-- If no third argument (length) is provided, the length to the end of the
-- string is assumed.
SELECT substr(f1, 99995) from toasttest;
substr
--------
567890
567890
567890
567890
(4 rows)
-- If start plus length is > string length, the result is truncated to
-- string length
SELECT substr(f1, 99995, 10) from toasttest;
substr
--------
567890
567890
567890
567890
(4 rows)
DROP TABLE toasttest;
-- test internally compressing datums
-- this tests compressing a datum to a very small size which exercises a
-- corner case in packed-varlena handling: even though small, the compressed
-- datum must be given a 4-byte header because there are no bits to indicate
-- compression in a 1-byte header
CREATE TABLE toasttest (c char(4096));
INSERT INTO toasttest VALUES('x');
SELECT length(c), c::text FROM toasttest;
length | c
--------+---
1 | x
(1 row)
SELECT c FROM toasttest;
c
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x
(1 row)
DROP TABLE toasttest;
--
-- test length
--
SELECT length('abcdef') AS "length_6";
length_6
----------
6
(1 row)
--
-- test strpos
--
SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'cd') AS "pos_3";
pos_3
-------
3
(1 row)
SELECT strpos('abcdef', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
pos_0
-------
0
(1 row)
SELECT strpos('abcdef', '') AS "pos_1";
pos_1
-------
1
(1 row)
SELECT strpos('', 'xy') AS "pos_0";
pos_0
-------
0
(1 row)
SELECT strpos('', '') AS "pos_1";
pos_1
-------
1
(1 row)
--
-- test replace
--
SELECT replace('abcdef', 'de', '45') AS "abc45f";
abc45f
--------
abc45f
(1 row)
SELECT replace('yabadabadoo', 'ba', '123') AS "ya123da123doo";
ya123da123doo
---------------
ya123da123doo
(1 row)
SELECT replace('yabadoo', 'bad', '') AS "yaoo";
yaoo
------
yaoo
(1 row)
--
-- test split_part
--
select split_part('','@',1) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('','@',-1) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
joeuser@mydatabase
--------------------
joeuser@mydatabase
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',2) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
joeuser@mydatabase
--------------------
joeuser@mydatabase
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','',-2) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',0) AS "an error";
ERROR: field position must not be zero
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',1) AS "joeuser@mydatabase";
joeuser@mydatabase
--------------------
joeuser@mydatabase
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@@',2) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',1) AS "joeuser";
joeuser
---------
joeuser
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',2) AS "mydatabase";
mydatabase
------------
mydatabase
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',3) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',2) AS "joeuser";
joeuser
---------
joeuser
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-1) AS "mydatabase";
mydatabase
------------
mydatabase
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-2) AS "joeuser";
joeuser
---------
joeuser
(1 row)
select split_part('joeuser@mydatabase','@',-3) AS "empty string";
empty string
--------------
(1 row)
select split_part('@joeuser@mydatabase@','@',-2) AS "mydatabase";
mydatabase
------------
mydatabase
(1 row)
--
-- test to_hex
--
select to_hex(256*256*256 - 1) AS "ffffff";
ffffff
--------
ffffff
(1 row)
select to_hex(256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint*256::bigint - 1) AS "ffffffff";
ffffffff
----------
ffffffff
(1 row)
--
-- SHA-2
--
SET bytea_output TO hex;
SELECT sha224('');
sha224
------------------------------------------------------------
\xd14a028c2a3a2bc9476102bb288234c415a2b01f828ea62ac5b3e42f
(1 row)
SELECT sha224('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
sha224
------------------------------------------------------------
\x619cba8e8e05826e9b8c519c0a5c68f4fb653e8a3d8aa04bb2c8cd4c
(1 row)
SELECT sha256('');
sha256
--------------------------------------------------------------------
\xe3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855
(1 row)
SELECT sha256('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
sha256
--------------------------------------------------------------------
\xef537f25c895bfa782526529a9b63d97aa631564d5d789c2b765448c8635fb6c
(1 row)
SELECT sha384('');
sha384
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\x38b060a751ac96384cd9327eb1b1e36a21fdb71114be07434c0cc7bf63f6e1da274edebfe76f65fbd51ad2f14898b95b
(1 row)
SELECT sha384('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
sha384
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\xed892481d8272ca6df370bf706e4d7bc1b5739fa2177aae6c50e946678718fc67a7af2819a021c2fc34e91bdb63409d7
(1 row)
SELECT sha512('');
sha512
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\xcf83e1357eefb8bdf1542850d66d8007d620e4050b5715dc83f4a921d36ce9ce47d0d13c5d85f2b0ff8318d2877eec2f63b931bd47417a81a538327af927da3e
(1 row)
SELECT sha512('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.');
sha512
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\x91ea1245f20d46ae9a037a989f54f1f790f0a47607eeb8a14d12890cea77a1bbc6c7ed9cf205e67b7f2b8fd4c7dfd3a7a8617e45f3c463d481c7e586c39ac1ed
(1 row)
--
-- encode/decode
--
SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
encode
--------------------
1234567890abcdef00
(1 row)
SELECT decode('1234567890abcdef00', 'hex');
decode
----------------------
\x1234567890abcdef00
(1 row)
SELECT encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea, 'base64');
encode
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN7wABEjRWeJCrze8AARI0VniQq83vAAESNFZ4kKvN+
7wABEjRWeJCrze8AAQ==
(1 row)
SELECT decode(encode(('\x' || repeat('1234567890abcdef0001', 7))::bytea,
'base64'), 'base64');
decode
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\x1234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef00011234567890abcdef0001
(1 row)
SELECT encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape');
encode
-----------------------------
\x124Vx\220\253\315\357\000
(1 row)
SELECT decode(encode('\x1234567890abcdef00', 'escape'), 'escape');
decode
----------------------
\x1234567890abcdef00
(1 row)
--
-- get_bit/set_bit etc
--
SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43);
get_bit
---------
1
(1 row)
SELECT get_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99); -- error
ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 43, 0);
set_bit
----------------------
\x1234567890a3cdef00
(1 row)
SELECT set_bit('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 0); -- error
ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..71
SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 3);
get_byte
----------
120
(1 row)
SELECT get_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99); -- error
ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 7, 11);
set_byte
----------------------
\x1234567890abcd0b00
(1 row)
SELECT set_byte('\x1234567890abcdef00'::bytea, 99, 11); -- error
ERROR: index 99 out of valid range, 0..8
--
-- test behavior of escape_string_warning and standard_conforming_strings options
--
set escape_string_warning = off;
set standard_conforming_strings = off;
show escape_string_warning;
escape_string_warning
-----------------------
off
(1 row)
show standard_conforming_strings;
standard_conforming_strings
-----------------------------
off
(1 row)
set escape_string_warning = on;
set standard_conforming_strings = on;
show escape_string_warning;
escape_string_warning
-----------------------
on
(1 row)
show standard_conforming_strings;
standard_conforming_strings
-----------------------------
on
(1 row)
select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
(1 row)
set standard_conforming_strings = off;
select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3,...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: ...bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' ...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: ...'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd'...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
WARNING: nonstandard use of \\ in a string literal
LINE 1: ...'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as ...
^
HINT: Use the escape string syntax for backslashes, e.g., E'\\'.
f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
(1 row)
set escape_string_warning = off;
set standard_conforming_strings = on;
select 'a\bcd' as f1, 'a\b''cd' as f2, 'a\b''''cd' as f3, 'abcd\' as f4, 'ab\''cd' as f5, '\\' as f6;
f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
(1 row)
set standard_conforming_strings = off;
select 'a\\bcd' as f1, 'a\\b\'cd' as f2, 'a\\b\'''cd' as f3, 'abcd\\' as f4, 'ab\\\'cd' as f5, '\\\\' as f6;
f1 | f2 | f3 | f4 | f5 | f6
-------+--------+---------+-------+--------+----
a\bcd | a\b'cd | a\b''cd | abcd\ | ab\'cd | \\
(1 row)
reset standard_conforming_strings;
--
-- Additional string functions
--
SET bytea_output TO escape;
SELECT initcap('hi THOMAS');
initcap
-----------
Hi Thomas
(1 row)
SELECT lpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
lpad
-------
xyxhi
(1 row)
SELECT lpad('hi', 5);
lpad
-------
hi
(1 row)
SELECT lpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
lpad
------
(1 row)
SELECT lpad('hello', 2);
lpad
------
he
(1 row)
SELECT lpad('hi', 5, '');
lpad
------
hi
(1 row)
SELECT rpad('hi', 5, 'xy');
rpad
-------
hixyx
(1 row)
SELECT rpad('hi', 5);
rpad
-------
hi
(1 row)
SELECT rpad('hi', -5, 'xy');
rpad
------
(1 row)
SELECT rpad('hello', 2);
rpad
------
he
(1 row)
SELECT rpad('hi', 5, '');
rpad
------
hi
(1 row)
SELECT ltrim('zzzytrim', 'xyz');
ltrim
-------
trim
(1 row)
SELECT translate('', '14', 'ax');
translate
-----------
(1 row)
SELECT translate('12345', '14', 'ax');
translate
-----------
a23x5
(1 row)
SELECT translate('12345', '134', 'a');
translate
-----------
a25
(1 row)
SELECT ascii('x');
ascii
-------
120
(1 row)
SELECT ascii('');
ascii
-------
0
(1 row)
SELECT chr(65);
chr
-----
A
(1 row)
SELECT chr(0);
ERROR: null character not permitted
SELECT repeat('Pg', 4);
repeat
----------
PgPgPgPg
(1 row)
SELECT repeat('Pg', -4);
repeat
--------
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 3) "34567890";
34567890
----------
34567890
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('1234567890'::bytea FROM 4 FOR 3) AS "456";
456
-----
456
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM 2 FOR 2147483646) AS "tring";
tring
-------
tring
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR 2147483646) AS "string";
string
--------
string
(1 row)
SELECT SUBSTRING('string'::bytea FROM -10 FOR -2147483646) AS "error";
ERROR: negative substring length not allowed
SELECT trim(E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
btrim
-------
Tom
(1 row)
SELECT trim(leading E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
ltrim
---------
Tom\000
(1 row)
SELECT trim(trailing E'\\000'::bytea from E'\\000Tom\\000'::bytea);
rtrim
---------
\000Tom
(1 row)
SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
btrim
-------
trim
(1 row)
SELECT btrim(''::bytea, E'\\000'::bytea);
btrim
-------
(1 row)
SELECT btrim(E'\\000trim\\000'::bytea, ''::bytea);
btrim
--------------
\000trim\000
(1 row)
SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'Th\\001omas'::bytea from 2),'escape');
encode
-------------
TTh\x01omas
(1 row)
SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 8),'escape');
encode
--------------------
Th\000omas\x02\x03
(1 row)
SELECT encode(overlay(E'Th\\000omas'::bytea placing E'\\002\\003'::bytea from 5 for 3),'escape');
encode
-----------------
Th\000o\x02\x03
(1 row)
SELECT bit_count('\x1234567890'::bytea);
bit_count
-----------
15
(1 row)
SELECT unistr('\0064at\+0000610');
unistr
--------
data0
(1 row)
SELECT unistr('d\u0061t\U000000610');
unistr
--------
data0
(1 row)
SELECT unistr('a\\b');
unistr
--------
a\b
(1 row)
-- errors:
SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99');
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
SELECT unistr('wrong: \db99\0061');
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
SELECT unistr('wrong: \+00db99\+000061');
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
SELECT unistr('wrong: \+2FFFFF');
ERROR: invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
SELECT unistr('wrong: \udb99\u0061');
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
SELECT unistr('wrong: \U0000db99\U00000061');
ERROR: invalid Unicode surrogate pair
SELECT unistr('wrong: \U002FFFFF');
ERROR: invalid Unicode code point: 2FFFFF
SELECT unistr('wrong: \xyz');
ERROR: invalid Unicode escape
HINT: Unicode escapes must be \XXXX, \+XXXXXX, \uXXXX, or \UXXXXXXXX.
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