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<!-- doc/src/sgml/installation.sgml -->
<!--
The standalone version has some portions that are different from the version
that is integrated into the full documentation set, in particular as regards
links, so that INSTALL.html can be created without links to the main
documentation. See standalone-profile.xsl for details.
-->
<chapter id="installation">
<title>Installation from Source Code</title>
<indexterm zone="installation">
<primary>installation</primary>
</indexterm>
<!-- See also the version of this text in standalone-install.xml -->
<para>
This chapter describes the installation of
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> using the source code
distribution. If you are installing a pre-packaged distribution,
such as an RPM or Debian package, ignore this chapter
and see <xref linkend="install-binaries" /> instead.
</para>
<para>
If you are building <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> for Microsoft
Windows, read this chapter if you intend to build with MinGW or Cygwin;
but if you intend to build with Microsoft's <productname>Visual
C++</productname>, see <xref linkend="install-windows"/> instead.
</para>
<sect1 id="install-requirements">
<title>Requirements</title>
<para>
In general, a modern Unix-compatible platform should be able to run
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
The platforms that had received specific testing at the
time of release are described in <xref linkend="supported-platforms"/>
below.
</para>
<para>
The following software packages are required for building
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>make</primary>
</indexterm>
<acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application> version 3.81 or newer is required; other
<application>make</application> programs or older <acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application> versions will <emphasis>not</emphasis> work.
(<acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application> is sometimes installed under
the name <filename>gmake</filename>.) To test for <acronym>GNU</acronym>
<application>make</application> enter:
<screen>
<userinput>make --version</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>Meson</primary>
</indexterm>
Alternatively, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> can be built using
<ulink url="https://mesonbuild.com/">Meson</ulink>. This is currently
experimental and only works when building from a Git checkout (not from
a distribution tarball). If you choose to use
<application>Meson</application>, then you don't need
<acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application>, but the other
requirements below still apply.
</para>
<para>
The minimum required version of <application>Meson</application> is 0.54.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You need an <acronym>ISO</acronym>/<acronym>ANSI</acronym> C compiler (at least
C99-compliant). Recent
versions of <productname>GCC</productname> are recommended, but
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> is known to build using a wide variety
of compilers from different vendors.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<application>tar</application> is required to unpack the source
distribution, in addition to either
<application>gzip</application> or <application>bzip2</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>readline</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>libedit</primary>
</indexterm>
The <acronym>GNU</acronym> <productname>Readline</productname> library is used by
default. It allows <application>psql</application> (the
PostgreSQL command line SQL interpreter) to remember each
command you type, and allows you to use arrow keys to recall and
edit previous commands. This is very helpful and is strongly
recommended. If you don't want to use it then you must specify
the <option>--without-readline</option> option to
<filename>configure</filename>. As an alternative, you can often use the
BSD-licensed <filename>libedit</filename> library, originally
developed on <productname>NetBSD</productname>. The
<filename>libedit</filename> library is
GNU <productname>Readline</productname>-compatible and is used if
<filename>libreadline</filename> is not found, or if
<option>--with-libedit-preferred</option> is used as an
option to <filename>configure</filename>. If you are using a package-based
Linux distribution, be aware that you need both the
<literal>readline</literal> and <literal>readline-devel</literal> packages, if
those are separate in your distribution.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>zlib</primary>
</indexterm>
The <productname>zlib</productname> compression library is
used by default. If you don't want to use it then you must
specify the <option>--without-zlib</option> option to
<filename>configure</filename>. Using this option disables
support for compressed archives in <application>pg_dump</application> and
<application>pg_restore</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
The following packages are optional. They are not required in the
default configuration, but they are needed when certain build
options are enabled, as explained below:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
To build the server programming language
<application>PL/Perl</application> you need a full
<productname>Perl</productname> installation, including the
<filename>libperl</filename> library and the header files.
The minimum required version is <productname>Perl</productname> 5.14.
Since <application>PL/Perl</application> will be a shared
library, the <indexterm><primary>libperl</primary></indexterm>
<filename>libperl</filename> library must be a shared library
also on most platforms. This appears to be the default in
recent <productname>Perl</productname> versions, but it was not
in earlier versions, and in any case it is the choice of whomever
installed Perl at your site. <filename>configure</filename> will fail
if building <application>PL/Perl</application> is selected but it cannot
find a shared <filename>libperl</filename>. In that case, you will have
to rebuild and install <productname>Perl</productname> manually to be
able to build <application>PL/Perl</application>. During the
configuration process for <productname>Perl</productname>, request a
shared library.
</para>
<para>
If you intend to make more than incidental use of
<application>PL/Perl</application>, you should ensure that the
<productname>Perl</productname> installation was built with the
<literal>usemultiplicity</literal> option enabled (<literal>perl -V</literal>
will show whether this is the case).
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To build the <application>PL/Python</application> server programming
language, you need a <productname>Python</productname>
installation with the header files and
the <application>sysconfig</application> module. The minimum
required version is <productname>Python</productname> 3.2.
</para>
<para>
Since <application>PL/Python</application> will be a shared
library, the <indexterm><primary>libpython</primary></indexterm>
<filename>libpython</filename> library must be a shared library
also on most platforms. This is not the case in a default
<productname>Python</productname> installation built from source, but a
shared library is available in many operating system
distributions. <filename>configure</filename> will fail if
building <application>PL/Python</application> is selected but it cannot
find a shared <filename>libpython</filename>. That might mean that you
either have to install additional packages or rebuild (part of) your
<productname>Python</productname> installation to provide this shared
library. When building from source, run <productname>Python</productname>'s
configure with the <literal>--enable-shared</literal> flag.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To build the <application>PL/Tcl</application>
procedural language, you of course need a <productname>Tcl</productname>
installation. The minimum required version is
<productname>Tcl</productname> 8.4.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To enable Native Language Support (<acronym>NLS</acronym>), that
is, the ability to display a program's messages in a language
other than English, you need an implementation of the
<application>Gettext</application> <acronym>API</acronym>. Some operating
systems have this built-in (e.g., <systemitem
class="osname">Linux</systemitem>, <systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</systemitem>,
<systemitem class="osname">Solaris</systemitem>), for other systems you
can download an add-on package from <ulink
url="https://www.gnu.org/software/gettext/"></ulink>.
If you are using the <application>Gettext</application> implementation in
the <acronym>GNU</acronym> C library, then you will additionally
need the <productname>GNU Gettext</productname> package for some
utility programs. For any of the other implementations you will
not need it.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You need <productname>OpenSSL</productname>, if you want to support
encrypted client connections. <productname>OpenSSL</productname> is
also required for random number generation on platforms that do not
have <filename>/dev/urandom</filename> (except Windows). The minimum
required version is 1.0.1.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You need <application>Kerberos</application>, <productname>OpenLDAP</productname>,
and/or <application>PAM</application>, if you want to support authentication
using those services.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You need <productname>LZ4</productname>, if you want to support
compression of data with that method; see
<xref linkend="guc-default-toast-compression"/> and
<xref linkend="guc-wal-compression"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
You need <productname>Zstandard</productname>, if you want to support
compression of data with that method; see
<xref linkend="guc-wal-compression"/>.
The minimum required version is 1.4.0.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
To build the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> documentation,
there is a separate set of requirements; see
<xref linkend="docguide-toolsets"/>.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
If you are building from a <productname>Git</productname> tree instead of
using a released source package, or if you want to do server development,
you also need the following packages:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>flex</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>lex</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>bison</primary>
</indexterm>
<indexterm>
<primary>yacc</primary>
</indexterm>
<application>Flex</application> and <application>Bison</application>
are needed to build from a Git checkout, or if you changed the actual
scanner and parser definition files. If you need them, be sure
to get <application>Flex</application> 2.5.35 or later and
<application>Bison</application> 2.3 or later. Other <application>lex</application>
and <application>yacc</application> programs cannot be used.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>perl</primary>
</indexterm>
<application>Perl</application> 5.14 or later is needed to build from a Git checkout,
or if you changed the input files for any of the build steps that
use Perl scripts. If building on Windows you will need
<application>Perl</application> in any case. <application>Perl</application> is
also required to run some test suites.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
If you need to get a <acronym>GNU</acronym> package, you can find
it at your local <acronym>GNU</acronym> mirror site (see <ulink
url="https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp"></ulink>
for a list) or at <ulink
url="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/"></ulink>.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="install-getsource">
<title>Getting the Source</title>
<para>
The <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> source code for released versions
can be obtained from the download section of our website:
<ulink url="https://www.postgresql.org/ftp/source/"></ulink>.
Download the
<filename>postgresql-<replaceable>version</replaceable>.tar.gz</filename>
or <filename>postgresql-<replaceable>version</replaceable>.tar.bz2</filename>
file you're interested in, then unpack it:
<screen>
<userinput>tar xf postgresql-<replaceable>version</replaceable>.tar.bz2</userinput>
</screen>
This will create a directory
<filename>postgresql-<replaceable>version</replaceable></filename> under
the current directory with the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> sources.
Change into that directory for the rest of the installation procedure.
</para>
<para>
Alternatively, you can use the Git version control system; see
<xref linkend="git"/> for more information.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="install-make">
<title>Building and Installation with Autoconf and Make</title>
<sect2 id="install-short-make">
<title>Short Version</title>
<para>
<synopsis>
./configure
make
su
make install
adduser postgres
mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</synopsis>
The long version is the rest of this
<phrase>section</phrase>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="install-procedure-make">
<title>Installation Procedure</title>
<procedure>
<step id="configure">
<title>Configuration</title>
<indexterm zone="configure">
<primary>configure</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
source tree for your system and choose the options you would like.
This is done by running the <filename>configure</filename> script. For a
default installation simply enter:
<screen>
<userinput>./configure</userinput>
</screen>
This script will run a number of tests to determine values for various
system dependent variables and detect any quirks of your
operating system, and finally will create several files in the
build tree to record what it found.
</para>
<para>
You can also run <filename>configure</filename> in a directory outside
the source tree, and then build there, if you want to keep the build
directory separate from the original source files. This procedure is
called a
<indexterm><primary>VPATH</primary></indexterm><firstterm>VPATH</firstterm>
build. Here's how:
<screen>
<userinput>mkdir build_dir</userinput>
<userinput>cd build_dir</userinput>
<userinput>/path/to/source/tree/configure [options go here]</userinput>
<userinput>make</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
The default configuration will build the server and utilities, as
well as all client applications and interfaces that require only a
C compiler. All files will be installed under
<filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> by default.
</para>
<para>
You can customize the build and installation process by supplying one
or more command line options to <filename>configure</filename>.
Typically you would customize the install location, or the set of
optional features that are built. <filename>configure</filename>
has a large number of options, which are described in
<xref linkend="configure-options"/>.
</para>
<para>
Also, <filename>configure</filename> responds to certain environment
variables, as described in <xref linkend="configure-envvars"/>.
These provide additional ways to customize the configuration.
</para>
</step>
<step id="build">
<title>Build</title>
<para>
To start the build, type either of:
<screen>
<userinput>make</userinput>
<userinput>make all</userinput>
</screen>
(Remember to use <acronym>GNU</acronym> <application>make</application>.)
The build will take a few minutes depending on your
hardware.
</para>
<para>
If you want to build everything that can be built, including the
documentation (HTML and man pages), and the additional modules
(<filename>contrib</filename>), type instead:
<screen>
<userinput>make world</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If you want to build everything that can be built, including the
additional modules (<filename>contrib</filename>), but without
the documentation, type instead:
<screen>
<userinput>make world-bin</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If you want to invoke the build from another makefile rather than
manually, you must unset <varname>MAKELEVEL</varname> or set it to zero,
for instance like this:
<programlisting>
build-postgresql:
$(MAKE) -C postgresql MAKELEVEL=0 all
</programlisting>
Failure to do that can lead to strange error messages, typically about
missing header files.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Regression Tests</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>regression test</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
tests are a test suite to verify that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
runs on your machine in the way the developers expected it
to. Type:
<screen>
<userinput>make check</userinput>
</screen>
(This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.)
See <xref linkend="regress"/> for
detailed information about interpreting the test results. You can
repeat this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
</para>
</step>
<step id="install">
<title>Installing the Files</title>
<note>
<para>
If you are upgrading an existing system be sure to read
<xref linkend="upgrading"/>,
which has instructions about upgrading a
cluster.
</para>
</note>
<para>
To install <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> enter:
<screen>
<userinput>make install</userinput>
</screen>
This will install files into the directories that were specified
in <xref linkend="configure"/>. Make sure that you have appropriate
permissions to write into that area. Normally you need to do this
step as root. Alternatively, you can create the target
directories in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to
be granted.
</para>
<para>
To install the documentation (HTML and man pages), enter:
<screen>
<userinput>make install-docs</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
If you built the world above, type instead:
<screen>
<userinput>make install-world</userinput>
</screen>
This also installs the documentation.
</para>
<para>
If you built the world without the documentation above, type instead:
<screen>
<userinput>make install-world-bin</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<para>
You can use <literal>make install-strip</literal> instead of
<literal>make install</literal> to strip the executable files and
libraries as they are installed. This will save some space. If
you built with debugging support, stripping will effectively
remove the debugging support, so it should only be done if
debugging is no longer needed. <literal>install-strip</literal>
tries to do a reasonable job saving space, but it does not have
perfect knowledge of how to strip every unneeded byte from an
executable file, so if you want to save all the disk space you
possibly can, you will have to do manual work.
</para>
<para>
The standard installation provides all the header files needed for client
application development as well as for server-side program
development, such as custom functions or data types written in C.
</para>
<formalpara>
<title>Client-only installation:</title>
<para>
If you want to install only the client applications and
interface libraries, then you can use these commands:
<screen>
<userinput>make -C src/bin install</userinput>
<userinput>make -C src/include install</userinput>
<userinput>make -C src/interfaces install</userinput>
<userinput>make -C doc install</userinput>
</screen>
<filename>src/bin</filename> has a few binaries for server-only use,
but they are small.
</para>
</formalpara>
</step>
</procedure>
<formalpara>
<title>Uninstallation:</title>
<para>
To undo the installation use the command <command>make
uninstall</command>. However, this will not remove any created directories.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Cleaning:</title>
<para>
After the installation you can free disk space by removing the built
files from the source tree with the command <command>make
clean</command>. This will preserve the files made by the <command>configure</command>
program, so that you can rebuild everything with <command>make</command>
later on. To reset the source tree to the state in which it was
distributed, use <command>make distclean</command>. If you are going to
build for several platforms within the same source tree you must do
this and re-configure for each platform. (Alternatively, use
a separate build tree for each platform, so that the source tree
remains unmodified.)
</para>
</formalpara>
<para>
If you perform a build and then discover that your <command>configure</command>
options were wrong, or if you change anything that <command>configure</command>
investigates (for example, software upgrades), then it's a good
idea to do <command>make distclean</command> before reconfiguring and
rebuilding. Without this, your changes in configuration choices
might not propagate everywhere they need to.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="configure-options">
<title><filename>configure</filename> Options</title>
<indexterm zone="configure-options">
<primary>configure options</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
<command>configure</command>'s command line options are explained below.
This list is not exhaustive (use <literal>./configure --help</literal>
to get one that is). The options not covered here are meant for
advanced use-cases such as cross-compilation, and are documented in
the standard Autoconf documentation.
</para>
<sect3 id="configure-options-locations">
<title>Installation Locations</title>
<para>
These options control where <literal>make install</literal> will put
the files. The <option>--prefix</option> option is sufficient for
most cases. If you have special needs, you can customize the
installation subdirectories with the other options described in this
section. Beware however that changing the relative locations of the
different subdirectories may render the installation non-relocatable,
meaning you won't be able to move it after installation.
(The <literal>man</literal> and <literal>doc</literal> locations are
not affected by this restriction.) For relocatable installs, you
might want to use the <literal>--disable-rpath</literal> option
described later.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-prefix">
<term><option>--prefix=<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Install all files under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>
instead of <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename>. The actual
files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files
will ever be installed directly into the
<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> directory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-exec-prefix">
<term><option>--exec-prefix=<replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
You can install architecture-dependent files under a
different prefix, <replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</replaceable>, than what
<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> was set to. This can be useful to
share architecture-independent files between hosts. If you
omit this, then <replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</replaceable> is set equal to
<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> and both architecture-dependent and
independent files will be installed under the same tree,
which is probably what you want.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-bindir">
<term><option>--bindir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default
is <filename><replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</replaceable>/bin</filename>, which
normally means <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-sysconfdir">
<term><option>--sysconfdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for various configuration files,
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/etc</filename> by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-libdir">
<term><option>--libdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the location to install libraries and dynamically loadable
modules. The default is
<filename><replaceable>EXEC-PREFIX</replaceable>/lib</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-includedir">
<term><option>--includedir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for installing C and C++ header files. The
default is <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/include</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-datarootdir">
<term><option>--datarootdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the root directory for various types of read-only data
files. This only sets the default for some of the following
options. The default is
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/share</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-datadir">
<term><option>--datadir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is
<filename><replaceable>DATAROOTDIR</replaceable></filename>. Note that this has
nothing to do with where your database files will be placed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-localedir">
<term><option>--localedir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for installing locale data, in particular
message translation catalog files. The default is
<filename><replaceable>DATAROOTDIR</replaceable>/locale</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-mandir">
<term><option>--mandir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The man pages that come with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> will be installed under
this directory, in their respective
<filename>man<replaceable>x</replaceable></filename> subdirectories.
The default is <filename><replaceable>DATAROOTDIR</replaceable>/man</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-docdir">
<term><option>--docdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the root directory for installing documentation files,
except <quote>man</quote> pages. This only sets the default for
the following options. The default value for this option is
<filename><replaceable>DATAROOTDIR</replaceable>/doc/postgresql</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-htmldir">
<term><option>--htmldir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The HTML-formatted documentation for
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> will be installed under
this directory. The default is
<filename><replaceable>DATAROOTDIR</replaceable></filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note>
<para>
Care has been taken to make it possible to install
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> into shared installation locations
(such as <filename>/usr/local/include</filename>) without
interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system. First,
the string <quote><literal>/postgresql</literal></quote> is
automatically appended to <varname>datadir</varname>,
<varname>sysconfdir</varname>, and <varname>docdir</varname>,
unless the fully expanded directory name already contains the
string <quote><literal>postgres</literal></quote> or
<quote><literal>pgsql</literal></quote>. For example, if you choose
<filename>/usr/local</filename> as prefix, the documentation will
be installed in <filename>/usr/local/doc/postgresql</filename>,
but if the prefix is <filename>/opt/postgres</filename>, then it
will be in <filename>/opt/postgres/doc</filename>. The public C
header files of the client interfaces are installed into
<varname>includedir</varname> and are namespace-clean. The
internal header files and the server header files are installed
into private directories under <varname>includedir</varname>. See
the documentation of each interface for information about how to
access its header files. Finally, a private subdirectory will
also be created, if appropriate, under <varname>libdir</varname>
for dynamically loadable modules.
</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="configure-options-features">
<title><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Features</title>
<para>
The options described in this section enable building of
various <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> features that are not
built by default. Most of these are non-default only because they
require additional software, as described in
<xref linkend="install-requirements"/>.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-nls">
<term><option>--enable-nls<optional>=<replaceable>LANGUAGES</replaceable></optional></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables Native Language Support (<acronym>NLS</acronym>),
that is, the ability to display a program's messages in a
language other than English.
<replaceable>LANGUAGES</replaceable> is an optional space-separated
list of codes of the languages that you want supported, for
example <literal>--enable-nls='de fr'</literal>. (The intersection
between your list and the set of actually provided
translations will be computed automatically.) If you do not
specify a list, then all available translations are
installed.
</para>
<para>
To use this option, you will need an implementation of the
<application>Gettext</application> API.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-perl">
<term><option>--with-perl</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Perl</application> server-side language.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-python">
<term><option>--with-python</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Python</application> server-side language.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-tcl">
<term><option>--with-tcl</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Tcl</application> server-side language.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-tclconfig">
<term><option>--with-tclconfig=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Tcl installs the file <filename>tclConfig.sh</filename>, which
contains configuration information needed to build modules
interfacing to Tcl. This file is normally found automatically
at a well-known location, but if you want to use a different
version of Tcl you can specify the directory in which to look
for <filename>tclConfig.sh</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-icu">
<term><option>--with-icu</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for
the <productname>ICU</productname><indexterm><primary>ICU</primary></indexterm>
library, enabling use of ICU collation
features<phrase condition="standalone-ignore"> (see
<xref linkend="collation"/>)</phrase>.
This requires the <productname>ICU4C</productname> package
to be installed. The minimum required version
of <productname>ICU4C</productname> is currently 4.2.
</para>
<para>
By default,
<productname>pkg-config</productname><indexterm><primary>pkg-config</primary></indexterm>
will be used to find the required compilation options. This is
supported for <productname>ICU4C</productname> version 4.6 and later.
For older versions, or if <productname>pkg-config</productname> is
not available, the variables <envar>ICU_CFLAGS</envar>
and <envar>ICU_LIBS</envar> can be specified
to <filename>configure</filename>, like in this example:
<programlisting>
./configure ... --with-icu ICU_CFLAGS='-I/some/where/include' ICU_LIBS='-L/some/where/lib -licui18n -licuuc -licudata'
</programlisting>
(If <productname>ICU4C</productname> is in the default search path
for the compiler, then you still need to specify nonempty strings in
order to avoid use of <productname>pkg-config</productname>, for
example, <literal>ICU_CFLAGS=' '</literal>.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-llvm">
<term><option>--with-llvm</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for <productname>LLVM</productname> based
<acronym>JIT</acronym> compilation<phrase
condition="standalone-ignore"> (see <xref
linkend="jit"/>)</phrase>. This
requires the <productname>LLVM</productname> library to be installed.
The minimum required version of <productname>LLVM</productname> is
currently 3.9.
</para>
<para>
<command>llvm-config</command><indexterm><primary>llvm-config</primary></indexterm>
will be used to find the required compilation options.
<command>llvm-config</command>, and then
<command>llvm-config-$major-$minor</command> for all supported
versions, will be searched for in your <envar>PATH</envar>. If
that would not yield the desired program,
use <envar>LLVM_CONFIG</envar> to specify a path to the
correct <command>llvm-config</command>. For example
<programlisting>
./configure ... --with-llvm LLVM_CONFIG='/path/to/llvm/bin/llvm-config'
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
<productname>LLVM</productname> support requires a compatible
<command>clang</command> compiler (specified, if necessary, using the
<envar>CLANG</envar> environment variable), and a working C++
compiler (specified, if necessary, using the <envar>CXX</envar>
environment variable).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-lz4">
<term><option>--with-lz4</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <productname>LZ4</productname> compression support.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-zstd">
<term><option>--with-zstd</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <productname>Zstandard</productname> compression support.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-ssl">
<term><option>--with-ssl=<replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable></option>
<indexterm>
<primary>OpenSSL</primary>
<seealso>SSL</seealso>
</indexterm>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> (encrypted)
connections. The only <replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable>
supported is <option>openssl</option>. This requires the
<productname>OpenSSL</productname> package to be installed.
<filename>configure</filename> will check for the required
header files and libraries to make sure that your
<productname>OpenSSL</productname> installation is sufficient
before proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-openssl">
<term><option>--with-openssl</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Obsolete equivalent of <literal>--with-ssl=openssl</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-gssapi">
<term><option>--with-gssapi</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for GSSAPI authentication. On many systems, the
GSSAPI system (usually a part of the Kerberos installation) is not
installed in a location
that is searched by default (e.g., <filename>/usr/include</filename>,
<filename>/usr/lib</filename>), so you must use the options
<option>--with-includes</option> and <option>--with-libraries</option> in
addition to this option. <filename>configure</filename> will check
for the required header files and libraries to make sure that
your GSSAPI installation is sufficient before proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-ldap">
<term><option>--with-ldap</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <acronym>LDAP</acronym><indexterm><primary>LDAP</primary></indexterm>
support for authentication and connection parameter lookup (see
<phrase id="install-ldap-links"><xref linkend="libpq-ldap"/> and
<xref linkend="auth-ldap"/></phrase> for more information). On Unix,
this requires the <productname>OpenLDAP</productname> package to be
installed. On Windows, the default <productname>WinLDAP</productname>
library is used. <filename>configure</filename> will check for the required
header files and libraries to make sure that your
<productname>OpenLDAP</productname> installation is sufficient before
proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-pam">
<term><option>--with-pam</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <acronym>PAM</acronym><indexterm><primary>PAM</primary></indexterm>
(Pluggable Authentication Modules) support.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-bsd-auth">
<term><option>--with-bsd-auth</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with BSD Authentication support.
(The BSD Authentication framework is
currently only available on OpenBSD.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-systemd">
<term><option>--with-systemd</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support
for <application>systemd</application><indexterm><primary>systemd</primary></indexterm>
service notifications. This improves integration if the server
is started under <application>systemd</application> but has no impact
otherwise<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">; see <xref linkend="server-start"/> for more
information</phrase>. <application>libsystemd</application> and the
associated header files need to be installed to use this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-bonjour">
<term><option>--with-bonjour</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for Bonjour automatic service discovery.
This requires Bonjour support in your operating system.
Recommended on macOS.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-uuid">
<term><option>--with-uuid=<replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <xref linkend="uuid-ossp"/> module
(which provides functions to generate UUIDs), using the specified
UUID library.<indexterm><primary>UUID</primary></indexterm>
<replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable> must be one of:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>bsd</option> to use the UUID functions found in FreeBSD
and some other BSD-derived systems
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>e2fs</option> to use the UUID library created by
the <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> project; this library is present in most
Linux systems and in macOS, and can be obtained for other
platforms as well
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>ossp</option> to use the <ulink
url="http://www.ossp.org/pkg/lib/uuid/">OSSP UUID library</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-ossp-uuid">
<term><option>--with-ossp-uuid</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Obsolete equivalent of <literal>--with-uuid=ossp</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-libxml">
<term><option>--with-libxml</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with libxml2, enabling SQL/XML support. Libxml2 version 2.6.23 or
later is required for this feature.
</para>
<para>
To detect the required compiler and linker options, PostgreSQL will
query <command>pkg-config</command>, if that is installed and knows
about libxml2. Otherwise the program <command>xml2-config</command>,
which is installed by libxml2, will be used if it is found. Use
of <command>pkg-config</command> is preferred, because it can deal
with multi-architecture installations better.
</para>
<para>
To use a libxml2 installation that is in an unusual location, you
can set <command>pkg-config</command>-related environment
variables (see its documentation), or set the environment variable
<envar>XML2_CONFIG</envar> to point to
the <command>xml2-config</command> program belonging to the libxml2
installation, or set the variables <envar>XML2_CFLAGS</envar>
and <envar>XML2_LIBS</envar>. (If <command>pkg-config</command> is
installed, then to override its idea of where libxml2 is you must
either set <envar>XML2_CONFIG</envar> or set
both <envar>XML2_CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>XML2_LIBS</envar> to
nonempty strings.)
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-libxslt">
<term><option>--with-libxslt</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with libxslt, enabling the
<xref linkend="xml2"/>
module to perform XSL transformations of XML.
<option>--with-libxml</option> must be specified as well.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="configure-options-anti-features">
<title>Anti-Features</title>
<para>
The options described in this section allow disabling
certain <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> features that are built
by default, but which might need to be turned off if the required
software or system features are not available. Using these options is
not recommended unless really necessary.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-without-readline">
<term><option>--without-readline</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Prevents use of the <application>Readline</application> library
(and <application>libedit</application> as well). This option disables
command-line editing and history in
<application>psql</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-libedit-preferred">
<term><option>--with-libedit-preferred</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Favors the use of the BSD-licensed <application>libedit</application> library
rather than GPL-licensed <application>Readline</application>. This option
is significant only if you have both libraries installed; the
default in that case is to use <application>Readline</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-without-zlib">
<term><option>--without-zlib</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>zlib</primary>
</indexterm>
Prevents use of the <application>Zlib</application> library.
This disables
support for compressed archives in <application>pg_dump</application>
and <application>pg_restore</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-disable-spinlocks">
<term><option>--disable-spinlocks</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allow the build to succeed even if <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
has no CPU spinlock support for the platform. The lack of
spinlock support will result in very poor performance; therefore,
this option should only be used if the build aborts and
informs you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If this
option is required to build <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> on
your platform, please report the problem to the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> developers.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-disable-atomics">
<term><option>--disable-atomics</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Disable use of CPU atomic operations. This option does nothing on
platforms that lack such operations. On platforms that do have
them, this will result in poor performance. This option is only
useful for debugging or making performance comparisons.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-disable-thread-safety">
<term><option>--disable-thread-safety</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Disable the thread-safety of client libraries. This prevents
concurrent threads in <application>libpq</application> and
<application>ECPG</application> programs from safely controlling
their private connection handles. Use this only on platforms
with deficient threading support.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="configure-options-build-process">
<title>Build Process Details</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-includes">
<term><option>--with-includes=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable> is a colon-separated list of
directories that will be added to the list the compiler
searches for header files. If you have optional packages
(such as GNU <application>Readline</application>) installed in a non-standard
location,
you have to use this option and probably also the corresponding
<option>--with-libraries</option> option.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>--with-includes=/opt/gnu/include:/usr/sup/include</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-libraries">
<term><option>--with-libraries=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable> is a colon-separated list of
directories to search for libraries. You will probably have
to use this option (and the corresponding
<option>--with-includes</option> option) if you have packages
installed in non-standard locations.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>--with-libraries=/opt/gnu/lib:/usr/sup/lib</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-system-tzdata">
<term><option>--with-system-tzdata=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option>
<indexterm>
<primary>time zone data</primary>
</indexterm>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> includes its own time zone database,
which it requires for date and time operations. This time zone
database is in fact compatible with the IANA time zone
database provided by many operating systems such as FreeBSD,
Linux, and Solaris, so it would be redundant to install it again.
When this option is used, the system-supplied time zone database
in <replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable> is used instead of the one
included in the PostgreSQL source distribution.
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable> must be specified as an
absolute path. <filename>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> is a
likely directory on some operating systems. Note that the
installation routine will not detect mismatching or erroneous time
zone data. If you use this option, you are advised to run the
regression tests to verify that the time zone data you have
pointed to works correctly with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>cross compilation</primary></indexterm>
<para>
This option is mainly aimed at binary package distributors
who know their target operating system well. The main
advantage of using this option is that the PostgreSQL package
won't need to be upgraded whenever any of the many local
daylight-saving time rules change. Another advantage is that
PostgreSQL can be cross-compiled more straightforwardly if the
time zone database files do not need to be built during the
installation.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-extra-version">
<term><option>--with-extra-version=<replaceable>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Append <replaceable>STRING</replaceable> to the PostgreSQL version number. You
can use this, for example, to mark binaries built from unreleased Git
snapshots or containing custom patches with an extra version string,
such as a <command>git describe</command> identifier or a
distribution package release number.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-disable-rpath">
<term><option>--disable-rpath</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Do not mark <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s executables
to indicate that they should search for shared libraries in the
installation's library directory (see <option>--libdir</option>).
On most platforms, this marking uses an absolute path to the
library directory, so that it will be unhelpful if you relocate
the installation later. However, you will then need to provide
some other way for the executables to find the shared libraries.
Typically this requires configuring the operating system's
dynamic linker to search the library directory; see
<xref linkend="install-post-shlibs"/> for more detail.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="configure-options-misc">
<title>Miscellaneous</title>
<para>
It's fairly common, particularly for test builds, to adjust the
default port number with <option>--with-pgport</option>.
The other options in this section are recommended only for advanced
users.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-pgport">
<term><option>--with-pgport=<replaceable>NUMBER</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set <replaceable>NUMBER</replaceable> as the default port number for
server and clients. The default is 5432. The port can always
be changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
which can be very convenient. Usually the only good reason
to select a non-default value is if you intend to run multiple
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers on the same machine.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-krb-srvnam">
<term><option>--with-krb-srvnam=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default name of the Kerberos service principal used
by GSSAPI.
<literal>postgres</literal> is the default. There's usually no
reason to change this unless you are building for a Windows
environment, in which case it must be set to upper case
<literal>POSTGRES</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-segsize">
<term><option>--with-segsize=<replaceable>SEGSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>segment size</firstterm>, in gigabytes. Large tables are
divided into multiple operating-system files, each of size equal
to the segment size. This avoids problems with file size limits
that exist on many platforms. The default segment size, 1 gigabyte,
is safe on all supported platforms. If your operating system has
<quote>largefile</quote> support (which most do, nowadays), you can use
a larger segment size. This can be helpful to reduce the number of
file descriptors consumed when working with very large tables.
But be careful not to select a value larger than is supported
by your platform and the file systems you intend to use. Other
tools you might wish to use, such as <application>tar</application>, could
also set limits on the usable file size.
It is recommended, though not absolutely required, that this value
be a power of 2.
Note that changing this value breaks on-disk database compatibility,
meaning you cannot use <command>pg_upgrade</command> to upgrade to
a build with a different segment size.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-blocksize">
<term><option>--with-blocksize=<replaceable>BLOCKSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>block size</firstterm>, in kilobytes. This is the unit
of storage and I/O within tables. The default, 8 kilobytes,
is suitable for most situations; but other values may be useful
in special cases.
The value must be a power of 2 between 1 and 32 (kilobytes).
Note that changing this value breaks on-disk database compatibility,
meaning you cannot use <command>pg_upgrade</command> to upgrade to
a build with a different block size.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-wal-blocksize">
<term><option>--with-wal-blocksize=<replaceable>BLOCKSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>WAL block size</firstterm>, in kilobytes. This is the unit
of storage and I/O within the WAL log. The default, 8 kilobytes,
is suitable for most situations; but other values may be useful
in special cases.
The value must be a power of 2 between 1 and 64 (kilobytes).
Note that changing this value breaks on-disk database compatibility,
meaning you cannot use <command>pg_upgrade</command> to upgrade to
a build with a different WAL block size.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="configure-options-devel">
<title>Developer Options</title>
<para>
Most of the options in this section are only of interest for
developing or debugging <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
They are not recommended for production builds, except
for <option>--enable-debug</option>, which can be useful to enable
detailed bug reports in the unlucky event that you encounter a bug.
On platforms supporting DTrace, <option>--enable-dtrace</option>
may also be reasonable to use in production.
</para>
<para>
When building an installation that will be used to develop code inside
the server, it is recommended to use at least the
options <option>--enable-debug</option>
and <option>--enable-cassert</option>.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-debug">
<term><option>--enable-debug</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols.
This means that you can run the programs in a debugger
to analyze problems. This enlarges the size of the installed
executables considerably, and on non-GCC compilers it usually
also disables compiler optimization, causing slowdowns. However,
having the symbols available is extremely helpful for dealing
with any problems that might arise. Currently, this option is
recommended for production installations only if you use GCC.
But you should always have it on if you are doing development work
or running a beta version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-cassert">
<term><option>--enable-cassert</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables <firstterm>assertion</firstterm> checks in the server, which test for
many <quote>cannot happen</quote> conditions. This is invaluable for
code development purposes, but the tests can slow down the
server significantly.
Also, having the tests turned on won't necessarily enhance the
stability of your server! The assertion checks are not categorized
for severity, and so what might be a relatively harmless bug will
still lead to server restarts if it triggers an assertion
failure. This option is not recommended for production use, but
you should have it on for development work or when running a beta
version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-tap-tests">
<term><option>--enable-tap-tests</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable tests using the Perl TAP tools. This requires a Perl
installation and the Perl module <literal>IPC::Run</literal>.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref linkend="regress-tap"/> for more information.</phrase>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-depend">
<term><option>--enable-depend</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables automatic dependency tracking. With this option, the
makefiles are set up so that all affected object files will
be rebuilt when any header file is changed. This is useful
if you are doing development work, but is just wasted overhead
if you intend only to compile once and install. At present,
this option only works with GCC.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-coverage">
<term><option>--enable-coverage</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled with
code coverage testing instrumentation. When run, they
generate files in the build directory with code coverage
metrics.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref linkend="regress-coverage"/>
for more information.</phrase> This option is for use only with GCC
and when doing development work.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-profiling">
<term><option>--enable-profiling</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled so they
can be profiled. On backend exit, a subdirectory will be created
that contains the <filename>gmon.out</filename> file containing
profile data.
This option is for use only with GCC and when doing development work.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-enable-dtrace">
<term><option>--enable-dtrace</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>DTrace</primary>
</indexterm>
Compiles <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> with support for the
dynamic tracing tool DTrace.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref linkend="dynamic-trace"/>
for more information.</phrase>
</para>
<para>
To point to the <command>dtrace</command> program, the
environment variable <envar>DTRACE</envar> can be set. This
will often be necessary because <command>dtrace</command> is
typically installed under <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>,
which might not be in your <envar>PATH</envar>.
</para>
<para>
Extra command-line options for the <command>dtrace</command> program
can be specified in the environment variable
<envar>DTRACEFLAGS</envar>. On Solaris,
to include DTrace support in a 64-bit binary, you must specify
<literal>DTRACEFLAGS="-64"</literal>. For example,
using the GCC compiler:
<screen>
./configure CC='gcc -m64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEFLAGS='-64' ...
</screen>
Using Sun's compiler:
<screen>
./configure CC='/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xtarget=native64' --enable-dtrace DTRACEFLAGS='-64' ...
</screen>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-option-with-segsize-blocks">
<term><option>--with-segsize-blocks=SEGSIZE_BLOCKS</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the segment size in blocks. If both
<option>--with-segsize</option> and this option are specified, this
option wins.
This option is only for developers, to test segment related code.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="configure-envvars">
<title><filename>configure</filename> Environment Variables</title>
<indexterm zone="configure-envvars">
<primary>configure environment variables</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
In addition to the ordinary command-line options described above,
<filename>configure</filename> responds to a number of environment
variables.
You can specify environment variables on the
<filename>configure</filename> command line, for example:
<screen>
<userinput>./configure CC=/opt/bin/gcc CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe'</userinput>
</screen>
In this usage an environment variable is little different from a
command-line option.
You can also set such variables beforehand:
<screen>
<userinput>export CC=/opt/bin/gcc</userinput>
<userinput>export CFLAGS='-O2 -pipe'</userinput>
<userinput>./configure</userinput>
</screen>
This usage can be convenient because many programs' configuration
scripts respond to these variables in similar ways.
</para>
<para>
The most commonly used of these environment variables are
<envar>CC</envar> and <envar>CFLAGS</envar>.
If you prefer a C compiler different from the one
<filename>configure</filename> picks, you can set the
variable <envar>CC</envar> to the program of your choice.
By default, <filename>configure</filename> will pick
<filename>gcc</filename> if available, else the platform's
default (usually <filename>cc</filename>). Similarly, you can override the
default compiler flags if needed with the <envar>CFLAGS</envar> variable.
</para>
<para>
Here is a list of the significant variables that can be set in
this manner:
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-bison">
<term><envar>BISON</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Bison program
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cc">
<term><envar>CC</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
C compiler
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cflags">
<term><envar>CFLAGS</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
options to pass to the C compiler
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-clang">
<term><envar>CLANG</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
path to <command>clang</command> program used to process source code
for inlining when compiling with <literal>--with-llvm</literal>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cpp">
<term><envar>CPP</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
C preprocessor
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cppflags">
<term><envar>CPPFLAGS</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
options to pass to the C preprocessor
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cxx">
<term><envar>CXX</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
C++ compiler
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-cxxflags">
<term><envar>CXXFLAGS</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
options to pass to the C++ compiler
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-dtrace">
<term><envar>DTRACE</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
location of the <command>dtrace</command> program
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-dtraceflags">
<term><envar>DTRACEFLAGS</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
options to pass to the <command>dtrace</command> program
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-flex">
<term><envar>FLEX</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Flex program
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-ldflags">
<term><envar>LDFLAGS</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
options to use when linking either executables or shared libraries
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-ldflags-ex">
<term><envar>LDFLAGS_EX</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
additional options for linking executables only
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-ldflags-sl">
<term><envar>LDFLAGS_SL</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
additional options for linking shared libraries only
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-llvm-config">
<term><envar>LLVM_CONFIG</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>llvm-config</command> program used to locate the
<productname>LLVM</productname> installation
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-msgfmt">
<term><envar>MSGFMT</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>msgfmt</command> program for native language support
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-perl">
<term><envar>PERL</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Perl interpreter program. This will be used to determine the
dependencies for building PL/Perl. The default is
<command>perl</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-python">
<term><envar>PYTHON</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Python interpreter program. This will be used to determine the
dependencies for building PL/Python. If this is not set, the
following are probed in this order:
<literal>python3 python</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-tclsh">
<term><envar>TCLSH</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Tcl interpreter program. This will be used to
determine the dependencies for building PL/Tcl.
If this is not set, the following are probed in this
order: <literal>tclsh tcl tclsh8.6 tclsh86 tclsh8.5 tclsh85
tclsh8.4 tclsh84</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-envvars-xml2-config">
<term><envar>XML2_CONFIG</envar></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<command>xml2-config</command> program used to locate the
libxml2 installation
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</para>
<para>
Sometimes it is useful to add compiler flags after-the-fact to the set
that were chosen by <filename>configure</filename>. An important example is
that <application>gcc</application>'s <option>-Werror</option> option cannot be included
in the <envar>CFLAGS</envar> passed to <filename>configure</filename>, because
it will break many of <filename>configure</filename>'s built-in tests. To add
such flags, include them in the <envar>COPT</envar> environment variable
while running <filename>make</filename>. The contents of <envar>COPT</envar>
are added to both the <envar>CFLAGS</envar> and <envar>LDFLAGS</envar>
options set up by <filename>configure</filename>. For example, you could do
<screen>
<userinput>make COPT='-Werror'</userinput>
</screen>
or
<screen>
<userinput>export COPT='-Werror'</userinput>
<userinput>make</userinput>
</screen>
</para>
<note>
<para>
If using GCC, it is best to build with an optimization level of
at least <option>-O1</option>, because using no optimization
(<option>-O0</option>) disables some important compiler warnings (such
as the use of uninitialized variables). However, non-zero
optimization levels can complicate debugging because stepping
through compiled code will usually not match up one-to-one with
source code lines. If you get confused while trying to debug
optimized code, recompile the specific files of interest with
<option>-O0</option>. An easy way to do this is by passing an option
to <application>make</application>: <command>make PROFILE=-O0 file.o</command>.
</para>
<para>
The <envar>COPT</envar> and <envar>PROFILE</envar> environment variables are
actually handled identically by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
makefiles. Which to use is a matter of preference, but a common habit
among developers is to use <envar>PROFILE</envar> for one-time flag
adjustments, while <envar>COPT</envar> might be kept set all the time.
</para>
</note>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="install-meson">
<title>Building and Installation with Meson</title>
<sect2 id="install-short-meson">
<title>Short Version</title>
<para>
<synopsis>
meson setup build --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
cd build
ninja
su
ninja install
adduser postgres
mkdir -p /usr/local/pgsql/data
chown postgres /usr/local/pgsql/data
su - postgres
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb test
/usr/local/pgsql/bin/psql test
</synopsis>
The long version is the rest of this
<phrase>section</phrase>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="install-procedure-meson">
<title>Installation Procedure</title>
<procedure>
<step id="meson-configure">
<title>Configuration</title>
<para>
The first step of the installation procedure is to configure the
build tree for your system and choose the options you would like. To
create and configure the build directory, you can start with the
<literal>meson setup</literal> command.
<screen>
<userinput>meson setup build</userinput>
</screen>
The setup command takes a <literal>builddir</literal> and a <literal>srcdir</literal>
argument. If no <literal>srcdir</literal> is given, Meson will deduce the
<literal>srcdir</literal> based on the current directory and the location
of <literal>meson.build</literal>. The <literal>builddir</literal> is mandatory.
</para>
<para>
Running <literal>meson setup</literal> loads the build configuration file and sets up the build directory.
Additionally, you can also pass several build options to Meson. Some commonly
used options are mentioned in the subsequent sections. For example:
<screen>
# configure with a different installation prefix
meson setup build --prefix=/home/user/pg-install
# configure to generate a debug build
meson setup build --buildtype=debug
# configure to build with OpenSSL support
meson setup build -Dssl=openssl
</screen>
</para>
<para>
Setting up the build directory is a one-time step. To reconfigure before a
new build, you can simply use the <literal>meson configure</literal> command
<screen>
meson configure -Dcassert=true
</screen>
<command>meson configure</command>'s commonly used command-line options
are explained in <xref linkend="meson-options"/>.
</para>
</step>
<step id="meson-build">
<title>Build</title>
<para>
By default, <productname>Meson</productname> uses the <ulink
url="https://ninja-build.org/">Ninja</ulink> build tool. To build
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> from source using Meson, you can
simply use the <literal>ninja</literal> command in the build directory.
<screen>
ninja
</screen>
Ninja will automatically detect the number of CPUs in your computer and
parallelize itself accordingly. You can override the number of parallel
processes used with the command line argument <literal>-j</literal>.
</para>
<para>
It should be noted that after the initial configure step,
<command>ninja</command> is the only command you ever need to type to
compile. No matter how you alter your source tree (short of moving it to a
completely new location), Meson will detect the changes and regenerate
itself accordingly. This is especially handy if you have multiple build
directories. Often one of them is used for development (the "debug" build)
and others only every now and then (such as a "static analysis" build).
Any configuration can be built just by cd'ing to the corresponding
directory and running Ninja.
</para>
<para>
If you'd like to build with a backend other than ninja, you can use
configure with the <option>--backend</option> option to select the one you
want to use and then build using <literal>meson compile</literal>. To
learn more about these backends and other arguments you can provide to
ninja, you can refer to the meson <ulink
url="https://mesonbuild.com/Running-Meson.html#building-from-the-source">
documentation</ulink>.
</para>
</step>
<step>
<title>Regression Tests</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>regression test</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
If you want to test the newly built server before you install it,
you can run the regression tests at this point. The regression
tests are a test suite to verify that <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
runs on your machine in the way the developers expected it
to. Type:
<screen>
<userinput>meson test</userinput>
</screen>
(This won't work as root; do it as an unprivileged user.)
See <xref linkend="regress"/> for
detailed information about interpreting the test results. You can
repeat this test at any later time by issuing the same command.
</para>
<para>
To run pg_regress and pg_isolation_regress tests against a running
postgres instance, specify <userinput>--setup running</userinput> as an
argument to <userinput>meson test</userinput>.
</para>
</step>
<step id="meson-install">
<title>Installing the Files</title>
<note>
<para>
If you are upgrading an existing system be sure to read
<xref linkend="upgrading"/>,
which has instructions about upgrading a
cluster.
</para>
</note>
<para>
Once PostgreSQL is built, you can install it by simply running the
<literal>ninja install</literal> command.
<screen>
ninja install
</screen>
</para>
<para>
This will install files into the directories that were specified
in <xref linkend="meson-configure"/>. Make sure that you have appropriate
permissions to write into that area. You might need to do this
step as root. Alternatively, you can create the target directories
in advance and arrange for appropriate permissions to be granted.
The standard installation provides all the header files needed for client
application development as well as for server-side program
development, such as custom functions or data types written in C.
</para>
<para>
<literal>ninja install</literal> should work for most cases, but if you'd
like to use more options (such as <option>--quiet</option> to suppress
extra output), you could also use <literal>meson install</literal>
instead. You can learn more about <ulink
url="https://mesonbuild.com/Commands.html#install">meson install</ulink>
and its options in the Meson documentation.
</para>
</step>
</procedure>
<formalpara>
<title>Uninstallation:</title>
<para>
To undo the installation, you can use the <command>ninja
uninstall</command> command.
</para>
</formalpara>
<formalpara>
<title>Cleaning:</title>
<para>
After the installation, you can free disk space by removing the built
files from the source tree with the <command>ninja clean</command>
command.
</para>
</formalpara>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="meson-options">
<title><literal>meson setup</literal> Options</title>
<para>
<command>meson setup</command>'s command-line options are explained below.
This list is not exhaustive (use <literal>meson configure --help</literal>
to get one that is). The options not covered here are meant for advanced
use-cases, and are documented in the standard <ulink
url="https://mesonbuild.com/Commands.html#configure">Meson
documentation</ulink>. These arguments can be used with <command>meson
setup</command> as well.
</para>
<sect3 id="meson-options-locations">
<title>Installation Locations</title>
<para>
These options control where <literal>ninja install</literal> (or <literal>meson install</literal>) will put
the files. The <option>--prefix</option> option (example
<xref linkend="install-short-meson"/>) is sufficient for
most cases. If you have special needs, you can customize the
installation subdirectories with the other options described in this
section. Beware however that changing the relative locations of the
different subdirectories may render the installation non-relocatable,
meaning you won't be able to move it after installation.
(The <literal>man</literal> and <literal>doc</literal> locations are
not affected by this restriction.) For relocatable installs, you
might want to use the <literal>-Drpath=false</literal> option
described later.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-prefix-meson">
<term><option>--prefix=<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Install all files under the directory <replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>
instead of <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> (on Unix based systems) or
<filename><replaceable>current drive letter</replaceable>:/usr/local/pgsql</filename> (on Windows).
The actual files will be installed into various subdirectories; no files
will ever be installed directly into the
<replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable> directory.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-bindir-meson">
<term><option>--bindir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the directory for executable programs. The default
is <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/bin</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-sysconfdir-meson">
<term><option>--sysconfdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for various configuration files,
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/etc</filename> by default.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-libdir-meson">
<term><option>--libdir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the location to install libraries and dynamically loadable
modules. The default is
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/lib</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-includedir-meson">
<term><option>--includedir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for installing C and C++ header files. The
default is <filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/include</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-datadir-meson">
<term><option>--datadir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for read-only data files used by the
installed programs. The default is
<filename><replaceable>PREFIX</replaceable>/share</filename>. Note that this has
nothing to do with where your database files will be placed.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-localedir-meson">
<term><option>--localedir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Sets the directory for installing locale data, in particular
message translation catalog files. The default is
<filename><replaceable>DATADIR</replaceable>/locale</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-mandir-meson">
<term><option>--mandir=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The man pages that come with <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> will be installed under
this directory, in their respective
<filename>man<replaceable>x</replaceable></filename> subdirectories.
The default is <filename><replaceable>DATADIR</replaceable>/man</filename>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<note>
<para>
Care has been taken to make it possible to install
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> into shared installation locations
(such as <filename>/usr/local/include</filename>) without
interfering with the namespace of the rest of the system. First,
the string <quote><literal>/postgresql</literal></quote> is
automatically appended to <varname>datadir</varname>,
<varname>sysconfdir</varname>, and <varname>docdir</varname>,
unless the fully expanded directory name already contains the
string <quote><literal>postgres</literal></quote> or
<quote><literal>pgsql</literal></quote>. For example, if you choose
<filename>/usr/local</filename> as prefix, the documentation will
be installed in <filename>/usr/local/doc/postgresql</filename>,
but if the prefix is <filename>/opt/postgres</filename>, then it
will be in <filename>/opt/postgres/doc</filename>. The public C
header files of the client interfaces are installed into
<varname>includedir</varname> and are namespace-clean. The
internal header files and the server header files are installed
into private directories under <varname>includedir</varname>. See
the documentation of each interface for information about how to
access its header files. Finally, a private subdirectory will
also be created, if appropriate, under <varname>libdir</varname>
for dynamically loadable modules.
</para>
</note>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-features">
<title><productname>PostgreSQL</productname> Features</title>
<para>
The options described in this section enable building of
various optional <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> features.
Most of these require additional software, as described in
<xref linkend="install-requirements"/>, and will be automatically enabled if the
required software is found. You can change this behavior by manually
setting these features to <literal>enabled</literal> to require them
or <literal>disabled</literal> to not build with them.
</para>
<para>
To specify PostgreSQL-specific options, the name of the option
must be prefixed by <literal>-D</literal>.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-nls-meson">
<term><option>-Dnls={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables or disables Native Language Support (<acronym>NLS</acronym>),
that is, the ability to display a program's messages in a language
other than English. Defaults to auto and will be enabled
automatically if an implementation of the <application>Gettext
API</application> is found.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-plperl-meson">
<term><option>-Dplperl={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Perl</application> server-side language.
Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-plpython-meson">
<term><option>-Dplpython={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Python</application> server-side language.
Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-pltcl-meson">
<term><option>-Dpltcl={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <application>PL/Tcl</application> server-side language.
Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-tcl-version-meson">
<term><option>-Dtcl_version=<replaceable>TCL_VERSION</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specifies the Tcl version to use when building PL/Tcl.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-icu-meson">
<term><option>-Dicu={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for the
<productname>ICU</productname><indexterm><primary>ICU</primary></indexterm>
library, enabling use of ICU collation features<phrase
condition="standalone-ignore"> (see <xref
linkend="collation"/>)</phrase>. Defaults to auto and requires the
<productname>ICU4C</productname> package to be installed. The minimum
required version of <productname>ICU4C</productname> is currently 4.2.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-llvm-meson">
<term><option>-Dllvm={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for <productname>LLVM</productname> based
<acronym>JIT</acronym> compilation<phrase
condition="standalone-ignore"> (see <xref linkend="jit"/>)</phrase>.
This requires the <productname>LLVM</productname> library to be
installed. The minimum required version of
<productname>LLVM</productname> is currently 3.9. Disabled by
default.
</para>
<para>
<command>llvm-config</command><indexterm><primary>llvm-config</primary></indexterm>
will be used to find the required compilation options.
<command>llvm-config</command>, and then
<command>llvm-config-$version</command> for all supported versions,
will be searched for in your <envar>PATH</envar>. If that would not
yield the desired program, use <envar>LLVM_CONFIG</envar> to specify a
path to the correct <command>llvm-config</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-lz4-meson">
<term><option>-Dlz4={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <productname>LZ4</productname> compression support.
Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-zstd-meson">
<term><option>-Dzstd={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with <productname>Zstandard</productname> compression support.
Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-ssl-meson">
<term><option>-Dssl={ auto | <replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable> }</option>
<indexterm>
<primary>OpenSSL</primary>
<seealso>SSL</seealso>
</indexterm>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for <acronym>SSL</acronym> (encrypted) connections.
The only <replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable> supported is
<option>openssl</option>. This requires the
<productname>OpenSSL</productname> package to be installed. Building
with this will check for the required header files and libraries to
make sure that your <productname>OpenSSL</productname> installation is
sufficient before proceeding. The default for this option is auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-gssapi-meson">
<term><option>-Dgssapi={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for GSSAPI authentication. On many systems, the
GSSAPI system (usually a part of the Kerberos installation) is not
installed in a location that is searched by default (e.g.,
<filename>/usr/include</filename>, <filename>/usr/lib</filename>). In
those cases, PostgreSQL will query <command>pkg-config</command> to
detect the required compiler and linker options. Defaults to auto.
<filename>meson configure</filename> will check for the required
header files and libraries to make sure that your GSSAPI installation
is sufficient before proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-ldap-meson">
<term><option>-Dldap={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with
<acronym>LDAP</acronym><indexterm><primary>LDAP</primary></indexterm>
support for authentication and connection parameter lookup (see
<phrase id="install-ldap-links-meson"><xref linkend="libpq-ldap"/> and
<xref linkend="auth-ldap"/></phrase> for more information). On Unix,
this requires the <productname>OpenLDAP</productname> package to be
installed. On Windows, the default <productname>WinLDAP</productname>
library is used. Defaults to auto. <filename>meson
configure</filename> will check for the required header files and
libraries to make sure that your <productname>OpenLDAP</productname>
installation is sufficient before proceeding.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-pam-meson">
<term><option>-Dpam={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with
<acronym>PAM</acronym><indexterm><primary>PAM</primary></indexterm>
(Pluggable Authentication Modules) support. Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-bsd-auth-meson">
<term><option>-Dbsd_auth={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with BSD Authentication support. (The BSD Authentication
framework is currently only available on OpenBSD.) Defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-systemd-meson">
<term><option>-Dsystemd={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for
<application>systemd</application><indexterm><primary>systemd</primary></indexterm>
service notifications. This improves integration if the server is
started under <application>systemd</application> but has no impact
otherwise<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">; see <xref
linkend="server-start"/> for more information</phrase>. Defaults to
auto. <application>libsystemd</application> and the associated header
files need to be installed to use this option.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-bonjour-meson">
<term><option>-Dbonjour={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with support for Bonjour automatic service discovery. Defaults
to auto and requires Bonjour support in your operating system.
Recommended on macOS.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-uuid-meson">
<term><option>-Duuid=<replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build the <xref linkend="uuid-ossp"/> module
(which provides functions to generate UUIDs), using the specified
UUID library.<indexterm><primary>UUID</primary></indexterm>
<replaceable>LIBRARY</replaceable> must be one of:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>none</option> to not build the uuid module. This is the default.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>bsd</option> to use the UUID functions found in FreeBSD,
and some other BSD-derived systems
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>e2fs</option> to use the UUID library created by
the <literal>e2fsprogs</literal> project; this library is present in most
Linux systems and in macOS, and can be obtained for other
platforms as well
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<option>ossp</option> to use the <ulink
url="http://www.ossp.org/pkg/lib/uuid/">OSSP UUID library</ulink>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-libxml-meson">
<term><option>-Dlibxml={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with libxml2, enabling SQL/XML support. Defaults to
auto. Libxml2 version 2.6.23 or later is required for this feature.
</para>
<para>
To use a libxml2 installation that is in an unusual location, you
can set <command>pkg-config</command>-related environment
variables (see its documentation).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-with-libxslt-meson">
<term><option>-Dlibxslt={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Build with libxslt, enabling the
<xref linkend="xml2"/>
module to perform XSL transformations of XML.
<option>-Dlibxml</option> must be specified as well. Defaults to
auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-anti-features">
<title>Anti-Features</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-readline-meson">
<term><option>-Dreadline={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Allows use of the <application>Readline</application> library (and
<application>libedit</application> as well). This option defaults to
auto and enables command-line editing and history in
<application>psql</application> and is strongly recommended.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-libedit-preferred-meson">
<term><option>-Dlibedit_preferred={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Setting this to true favors the use of the BSD-licensed
<application>libedit</application> library rather than GPL-licensed
<application>Readline</application>. This option is significant only
if you have both libraries installed; the default is false, that is to
use <application>Readline</application>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-zlib-meson">
<term><option>-Dzlib={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>zlib</primary>
</indexterm>
Enables use of the <application>Zlib</application> library.
It defaults to auto and enables
support for compressed archives in <application>pg_dump</application>,
<application>pg_restore</application> and <application>pg_basebackup</application> and is recommended.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-spinlocks-meson">
<term><option>-Dspinlocks={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is set to true by default; setting it to false will
allow the build to succeed even if <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
has no CPU spinlock support for the platform. The lack of
spinlock support will result in very poor performance; therefore,
this option should only be changed if the build aborts and
informs you that the platform lacks spinlock support. If setting this
option to false is required to build <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> on
your platform, please report the problem to the
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> developers.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-atomics-meson">
<term><option>-Datomics={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is set to true by default; setting it to false will
disable use of CPU atomic operations. The option does nothing on
platforms that lack such operations. On platforms that do have
them, disabling atomics will result in poor performance. Changing
this option is only useful for debugging or making performance comparisons.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-build-process">
<title>Build Process Details</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-auto-features-meson">
<term><option>--auto_features={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Setting this option allows you to override the value of all
<quote>auto</quote> features (features that are enabled automatically
if the required software is found). This can be useful when you want
to disable or enable all the <quote>optional</quote> features at once
without having to set each of them manually. The default value for
this parameter is auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-backend-meson">
<term><option>--backend=<replaceable>BACKEND</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default backend Meson uses is ninja and that should suffice for
most use cases. However, if you'd like to fully integrate with Visual
Studio, you can set the <option>BACKEND</option> to
<command>vs</command>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-c-args-meson">
<term><option>-Dc_args=<replaceable>OPTIONS</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option can be used to pass extra options to the C compiler.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-c-link-args-meson">
<term><option>-Dc_link_args=<replaceable>OPTIONS</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option can be used to pass extra options to the C linker.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-extra-include-dirs-meson">
<term><option>-Dextra_include_dirs=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable> is a comma-separated list of
directories that will be added to the list the compiler searches for
header files. If you have optional packages (such as GNU
<application>Readline</application>) installed in a non-standard
location, you have to use this option and probably also the
corresponding <option>-Dextra_lib_dirs</option> option.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>-Dextra_include_dirs=/opt/gnu/include,/usr/sup/include</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-extra-lib-dirs-meson">
<term><option>-Dextra_lib_dirs=<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<replaceable>DIRECTORIES</replaceable> is a comma-separated list of
directories to search for libraries. You will probably have to use
this option (and the corresponding
<option>-Dextra_include_dirs</option> option) if you have packages
installed in non-standard locations.
</para>
<para>
Example: <literal>-Dextra_lib_dirs=/opt/gnu/lib,/usr/sup/lib</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-system-tzdata-meson">
<term><option>-Dsystem_tzdata=<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable></option>
<indexterm>
<primary>time zone data</primary>
</indexterm>
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> includes its own time zone
database, which it requires for date and time operations. This time
zone database is in fact compatible with the IANA time zone database
provided by many operating systems such as FreeBSD, Linux, and
Solaris, so it would be redundant to install it again. When this
option is used, the system-supplied time zone database in
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable> is used instead of the one
included in the PostgreSQL source distribution.
<replaceable>DIRECTORY</replaceable> must be specified as an absolute
path. <filename>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> is a likely directory
on some operating systems. Note that the installation routine will
not detect mismatching or erroneous time zone data. If you use this
option, you are advised to run the regression tests to verify that the
time zone data you have pointed to works correctly with
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
</para>
<indexterm><primary>cross compilation</primary></indexterm>
<para>
This option is mainly aimed at binary package distributors who know
their target operating system well. The main advantage of using this
option is that the PostgreSQL package won't need to be upgraded
whenever any of the many local daylight-saving time rules change.
Another advantage is that PostgreSQL can be cross-compiled more
straightforwardly if the time zone database files do not need to be
built during the installation.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-extra-version-meson">
<term><option>-Dextra_version=<replaceable>STRING</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Append <replaceable>STRING</replaceable> to the PostgreSQL version
number. You can use this, for example, to mark binaries built from
unreleased <productname>Git</productname> snapshots or containing
custom patches with an extra version string, such as a <command>git
describe</command> identifier or a distribution package release
number.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-rpath-meson">
<term><option>-Drpath={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option is set to true by default. If set to false,
do not mark <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>'s executables
to indicate that they should search for shared libraries in the
installation's library directory (see <option>--libdir</option>).
On most platforms, this marking uses an absolute path to the
library directory, so that it will be unhelpful if you relocate
the installation later. However, you will then need to provide
some other way for the executables to find the shared libraries.
Typically this requires configuring the operating system's
dynamic linker to search the library directory; see
<xref linkend="install-post-shlibs"/> for more detail.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-binary-name-meson">
<term><option>-D<replaceable>BINARY_NAME</replaceable>=<replaceable>PATH</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If a program required to build PostgreSQL (with or without optional
flags) is stored at a non-standard path, you can specify it manually
to <literal>meson configure</literal>. The complete list of programs
for which this is supported can be found by running <literal>meson
configure</literal>. Example:
<programlisting>meson configure -DBISON=PATH_TO_BISON</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-docs">
<title>Documentation</title>
<para>
See <xref linkend="docguide-toolsets"/> for the tools needed for building
the documentation.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-docs-meson">
<term><option>-Ddocs={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables building the documentation in <acronym>HTML</acronym> and
<acronym>man</acronym> format. It defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-docs-pdf-meson">
<term><option>-Ddocs_pdf={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables building the documentation in <acronym>PDF</acronym>
format. It defaults to auto.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-docs-html-style">
<term><option>-Ddocs_html_style={ simple | website }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Controls which <acronym>CSS</acronym> stylesheet is used. The default
is <literal>simple</literal>. If set to <literal>website</literal>,
the HTML documentation will reference the stylesheet for <ulink
url="https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/">postgresql.org</ulink>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-misc">
<title>Miscellaneous</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-pgport-meson">
<term><option>-Dpgport=<replaceable>NUMBER</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set <replaceable>NUMBER</replaceable> as the default port number for
server and clients. The default is 5432. The port can always
be changed later on, but if you specify it here then both
server and clients will have the same default compiled in,
which can be very convenient. Usually the only good reason
to select a non-default value is if you intend to run multiple
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> servers on the same machine.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-krb-srvnam-meson">
<term><option>-Dkrb_srvnam=<replaceable>NAME</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
The default name of the Kerberos service principal used
by GSSAPI.
<literal>postgres</literal> is the default. There's usually no
reason to change this unless you are building for a Windows
environment, in which case it must be set to upper case
<literal>POSTGRES</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-segsize-meson">
<term><option>-Dsegsize=<replaceable>SEGSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>segment size</firstterm>, in gigabytes. Large tables are
divided into multiple operating-system files, each of size equal
to the segment size. This avoids problems with file size limits
that exist on many platforms. The default segment size, 1 gigabyte,
is safe on all supported platforms. If your operating system has
<quote>largefile</quote> support (which most do, nowadays), you can use
a larger segment size. This can be helpful to reduce the number of
file descriptors consumed when working with very large tables.
But be careful not to select a value larger than is supported
by your platform and the file systems you intend to use. Other
tools you might wish to use, such as <application>tar</application>, could
also set limits on the usable file size.
It is recommended, though not absolutely required, that this value
be a power of 2.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-blocksize-meson">
<term><option>-Dblocksize=<replaceable>BLOCKSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>block size</firstterm>, in kilobytes. This is the unit
of storage and I/O within tables. The default, 8 kilobytes,
is suitable for most situations; but other values may be useful
in special cases.
The value must be a power of 2 between 1 and 32 (kilobytes).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-wal-blocksize-meson">
<term><option>-Dwal_blocksize=<replaceable>BLOCKSIZE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Set the <firstterm>WAL block size</firstterm>, in kilobytes. This is the unit
of storage and I/O within the WAL log. The default, 8 kilobytes,
is suitable for most situations; but other values may be useful
in special cases.
The value must be a power of 2 between 1 and 64 (kilobytes).
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="meson-options-devel">
<title>Developer Options</title>
<para>
Most of the options in this section are only of interest for
developing or debugging <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>.
They are not recommended for production builds, except
for <option>--debug</option>, which can be useful to enable
detailed bug reports in the unlucky event that you encounter a bug.
On platforms supporting DTrace, <option>-Ddtrace</option>
may also be reasonable to use in production.
</para>
<para>
When building an installation that will be used to develop code inside
the server, it is recommended to use at least the <option>--buildtype=debug</option>
and <option>-Dcassert</option> options.
</para>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry id="configure-buildtype-meson">
<term><option>--buildtype=<replaceable>BUILDTYPE</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
This option can be used to specify the buildtype to use; defaults to
<option>debugoptimized</option>. If you'd like finer control on the debug
symbols and optimization levels than what this option provides, you
can refer to the <option>--debug</option> and
<option>--optimization</option> flags.
</para>
<para>
The following build types are generally used: <option>plain</option>,
<option>debug</option>, <option>debugoptimized</option> and
<option>release</option>. More information about them can be found in
the <ulink
url="https://mesonbuild.com/Running-Meson.html#configuring-the-build-directory">Meson
documentation</ulink>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-debug-meson">
<term><option>--debug</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Compiles all programs and libraries with debugging symbols. This
means that you can run the programs in a debugger to analyze
problems. This enlarges the size of the installed executables
considerably, and on non-GCC compilers it usually also disables
compiler optimization, causing slowdowns. However, having the symbols
available is extremely helpful for dealing with any problems that
might arise. Currently, this option is recommended for production
installations only if you use GCC. But you should always have it on
if you are doing development work or running a beta version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-optimization-meson">
<term><option>--optimization</option>=<replaceable>LEVEL</replaceable></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the optimization level. <option>LEVEL</option> can be set to any of {0,g,1,2,3,s}.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-werror-meson">
<term><option>--werror</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Setting this option asks the compiler to treat warnings as
errors. This can be useful for code development.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-cassert-meson">
<term><option>-Dcassert={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enables <firstterm>assertion</firstterm> checks in the server, which
test for many <quote>cannot happen</quote> conditions. This is
invaluable for code development purposes, but the tests slow down the
server significantly. Also, having the tests turned on won't
necessarily enhance the stability of your server! The assertion
checks are not categorized for severity, and so what might be a
relatively harmless bug will still lead to server restarts if it
triggers an assertion failure. This option is not recommended for
production use, but you should have it on for development work or when
running a beta version.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-tap-tests-meson">
<term><option>-Dtap_tests={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable tests using the Perl TAP tools. Defaults to auto and requires
a Perl installation and the Perl module <literal>IPC::Run</literal>.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref
linkend="regress-tap"/> for more information.</phrase>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-pg-test-extra-meson">
<term><option>-DPG_TEST_EXTRA=<replaceable>TEST_SUITES</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Enable test suites which require special software to run. This option
accepts arguments via a whitespace-separated list. See <xref
linkend="regress-additional"/> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-b-coverage-meson">
<term><option>-Db_coverage={ true | false }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
If using GCC, all programs and libraries are compiled with
code coverage testing instrumentation. When run, they
generate files in the build directory with code coverage
metrics.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref linkend="regress-coverage"/>
for more information.</phrase> This option is for use only with GCC
and when doing development work.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-dtrace-meson">
<term><option>-Ddtrace={ auto | enabled | disabled }</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>DTrace</primary>
</indexterm>
Enabling this compiles <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> with support for the
dynamic tracing tool DTrace.
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">See <xref linkend="dynamic-trace"/>
for more information.</phrase>
</para>
<para>
To point to the <command>dtrace</command> program, the
<option>DTRACE</option> option can be set. This
will often be necessary because <command>dtrace</command> is
typically installed under <filename>/usr/sbin</filename>,
which might not be in your <envar>PATH</envar>.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry id="configure-segsize-blocks-meson">
<term><option>-Dsegsize_blocks=SEGSIZE_BLOCKS</option></term>
<listitem>
<para>
Specify the segment size in blocks. If both
<option>-Dsegsize</option> and this option are specified, this option
wins.
This option is only for developers, to test segment related code.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="install-post">
<title>Post-Installation Setup</title>
<sect2 id="install-post-shlibs">
<title>Shared Libraries</title>
<indexterm>
<primary>shared library</primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
On some systems with shared libraries
you need to tell the system how to find the newly installed
shared libraries. The systems on which this is
<emphasis>not</emphasis> necessary include
<systemitem class="osname">FreeBSD</systemitem>,
<systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem>,
<systemitem class="osname">NetBSD</systemitem>, <systemitem
class="osname">OpenBSD</systemitem>, and
<systemitem class="osname">Solaris</systemitem>.
</para>
<para>
The method to set the shared library search path varies between
platforms, but the most widely-used method is to set the
environment variable <envar>LD_LIBRARY_PATH</envar> like so: In Bourne
shells (<command>sh</command>, <command>ksh</command>, <command>bash</command>, <command>zsh</command>):
<programlisting>
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
</programlisting>
or in <command>csh</command> or <command>tcsh</command>:
<programlisting>
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
Replace <literal>/usr/local/pgsql/lib</literal> with whatever you set
<option><literal>--libdir</literal></option> to in <xref linkend="configure"/>.
You should put these commands into a shell start-up file such as
<filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>~/.bash_profile</filename>. Some
good information about the caveats associated with this method can
be found at <ulink
url="http://xahlee.info/UnixResource_dir/_/ldpath.html"></ulink>.
</para>
<para>
On some systems it might be preferable to set the environment
variable <envar>LD_RUN_PATH</envar> <emphasis>before</emphasis>
building.
</para>
<para>
On <systemitem class="osname">Cygwin</systemitem>, put the library
directory in the <envar>PATH</envar> or move the
<filename>.dll</filename> files into the <filename>bin</filename>
directory.
</para>
<para>
If in doubt, refer to the manual pages of your system (perhaps
<command>ld.so</command> or <command>rld</command>). If you later
get a message like:
<screen>
psql: error in loading shared libraries
libpq.so.2.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
</screen>
then this step was necessary. Simply take care of it then.
</para>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary>ldconfig</primary>
</indexterm>
If you are on <systemitem class="osname">Linux</systemitem> and you have root
access, you can run:
<programlisting>
/sbin/ldconfig /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
(or equivalent directory) after installation to enable the
run-time linker to find the shared libraries faster. Refer to the
manual page of <command>ldconfig</command> for more information. On
<systemitem class="osname">FreeBSD</systemitem>, <systemitem
class="osname">NetBSD</systemitem>, and <systemitem
class="osname">OpenBSD</systemitem> the command is:
<programlisting>
/sbin/ldconfig -m /usr/local/pgsql/lib
</programlisting>
instead. Other systems are not known to have an equivalent
command.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="install-post-env-vars">
<title>Environment Variables</title>
<indexterm>
<primary><envar>PATH</envar></primary>
</indexterm>
<para>
If you installed into <filename>/usr/local/pgsql</filename> or some other
location that is not searched for programs by default, you should
add <filename>/usr/local/pgsql/bin</filename> (or whatever you set
<option><literal>--bindir</literal></option> to in <xref linkend="configure"/>)
into your <envar>PATH</envar>. Strictly speaking, this is not
necessary, but it will make the use of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
much more convenient.
</para>
<para>
To do this, add the following to your shell start-up file, such as
<filename>~/.bash_profile</filename> (or <filename>/etc/profile</filename>, if you
want it to affect all users):
<programlisting>
PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/bin:$PATH
export PATH
</programlisting>
If you are using <command>csh</command> or <command>tcsh</command>, then use this command:
<programlisting>
set path = ( /usr/local/pgsql/bin $path )
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
<indexterm>
<primary><envar>MANPATH</envar></primary>
</indexterm>
To enable your system to find the <application>man</application>
documentation, you need to add lines like the following to a
shell start-up file unless you installed into a location that is
searched by default:
<programlisting>
MANPATH=/usr/local/pgsql/share/man:$MANPATH
export MANPATH
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The environment variables <envar>PGHOST</envar> and <envar>PGPORT</envar>
specify to client applications the host and port of the database
server, overriding the compiled-in defaults. If you are going to
run client applications remotely then it is convenient if every
user that plans to use the database sets <envar>PGHOST</envar>. This
is not required, however; the settings can be communicated via command
line options to most client programs.
</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="supported-platforms">
<title>Supported Platforms</title>
<para>
A platform (that is, a CPU architecture and operating system combination)
is considered supported by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> development
community if the code contains provisions to work on that platform and
it has recently been verified to build and pass its regression tests
on that platform. Currently, most testing of platform compatibility
is done automatically by test machines in the
<ulink url="https://buildfarm.postgresql.org/">PostgreSQL Build Farm</ulink>.
If you are interested in using <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> on a platform
that is not represented in the build farm, but on which the code works
or can be made to work, you are strongly encouraged to set up a build
farm member machine so that continued compatibility can be assured.
</para>
<para>
In general, <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> can be expected to work on
these CPU architectures: x86, PowerPC, S/390, SPARC, ARM, MIPS, RISC-V,
and PA-RISC, including
big-endian, little-endian, 32-bit, and 64-bit variants where applicable.
It is often
possible to build on an unsupported CPU type by configuring with
<option>--disable-spinlocks</option>, but performance will be poor.
</para>
<para>
<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> can be expected to work on current
versions of these operating systems: Linux, Windows,
FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, DragonFlyBSD, macOS, AIX, Solaris, and illumos.
Other Unix-like systems may also work but are not currently
being tested. In most cases, all CPU architectures supported by
a given operating system will work. Look in
<xref linkend="installation-platform-notes"/> below to see if
there is information
specific to your operating system, particularly if using an older system.
</para>
<para>
If you have installation problems on a platform that is known
to be supported according to recent build farm results, please report
it to <email>pgsql-bugs@lists.postgresql.org</email>. If you are interested
in porting <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> to a new platform,
<email>pgsql-hackers@lists.postgresql.org</email> is the appropriate place
to discuss that.
</para>
<para>
Historical versions of <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> or POSTGRES
also ran on CPU architectures including Alpha, Itanium, M32R, M68K,
M88K, NS32K, SuperH, and VAX, and operating systems including 4.3BSD, BEOS,
BSD/OS, DG/UX, Dynix, HP-UX, IRIX, NeXTSTEP, QNX, SCO, SINIX, Sprite, SunOS,
Tru64 UNIX, and ULTRIX.
</para>
</sect1>
<sect1 id="installation-platform-notes">
<title>Platform-Specific Notes</title>
<para>
This section documents additional platform-specific issues
regarding the installation and setup of PostgreSQL. Be sure to
read the installation instructions, and in
particular <xref linkend="install-requirements"/> as well. Also,
check <xref linkend="regress"/> regarding the
interpretation of regression test results.
</para>
<para>
Platforms that are not covered here have no known platform-specific
installation issues.
</para>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-aix">
<title>AIX</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-aix">
<primary>AIX</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
You can use GCC or the native IBM compiler <command>xlc</command>
to build <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
on <productname>AIX</productname>.
</para>
<para>
<productname>AIX</productname> versions before 7.1 are no longer
tested nor supported by the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>
community.
</para>
<sect3 id="installation-notes-aix-mem-management">
<title>Memory Management</title>
<!-- https://archives.postgresql.org/message-id/603bgqmpl9.fsf@dba2.int.libertyrms.com -->
<para>
AIX can be somewhat peculiar with regards to the way it does
memory management. You can have a server with many multiples of
gigabytes of RAM free, but still get out of memory or address
space errors when running applications. One example
is loading of extensions failing with unusual errors.
For example, running as the owner of the PostgreSQL installation:
<screen>
=# CREATE EXTENSION plperl;
ERROR: could not load library "/opt/dbs/pgsql/lib/plperl.so": A memory address is not in the address space for the process.
</screen>
Running as a non-owner in the group possessing the PostgreSQL
installation:
<screen>
=# CREATE EXTENSION plperl;
ERROR: could not load library "/opt/dbs/pgsql/lib/plperl.so": Bad address
</screen>
Another example is out of memory errors in the PostgreSQL server
logs, with every memory allocation near or greater than 256 MB
failing.
</para>
<para>
The overall cause of all these problems is the default bittedness
and memory model used by the server process. By default, all
binaries built on AIX are 32-bit. This does not depend upon
hardware type or kernel in use. These 32-bit processes are
limited to 4 GB of memory laid out in 256 MB segments using one
of a few models. The default allows for less than 256 MB in the
heap as it shares a single segment with the stack.
</para>
<para>
In the case of the <literal>plperl</literal> example, above,
check your umask and the permissions of the binaries in your
PostgreSQL installation. The binaries involved in that example
were 32-bit and installed as mode 750 instead of 755. Due to the
permissions being set in this fashion, only the owner or a member
of the possessing group can load the library. Since it isn't
world-readable, the loader places the object into the process'
heap instead of the shared library segments where it would
otherwise be placed.
</para>
<para>
The <quote>ideal</quote> solution for this is to use a 64-bit
build of PostgreSQL, but that is not always practical, because
systems with 32-bit processors can build, but not run, 64-bit
binaries.
</para>
<para>
If a 32-bit binary is desired, set <symbol>LDR_CNTRL</symbol> to
<literal>MAXDATA=0x<replaceable>n</replaceable>0000000</literal>,
where 1 &lt;= n &lt;= 8, before starting the PostgreSQL server,
and try different values and <filename>postgresql.conf</filename>
settings to find a configuration that works satisfactorily. This
use of <symbol>LDR_CNTRL</symbol> tells AIX that you want the
server to have <symbol>MAXDATA</symbol> bytes set aside for the
heap, allocated in 256 MB segments. When you find a workable
configuration,
<command>ldedit</command> can be used to modify the binaries so
that they default to using the desired heap size. PostgreSQL can
also be rebuilt, passing <literal>configure
LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bmaxdata:0x<replaceable>n</replaceable>0000000"</literal>
to achieve the same effect.
</para>
<para>
For a 64-bit build, set <envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar> to 64 and
pass <literal>CC="gcc -maix64"</literal>
and <literal>LDFLAGS="-Wl,-bbigtoc"</literal>
to <command>configure</command>. (Options for
<command>xlc</command> might differ.) If you omit the export of
<envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar>, your build may fail with linker errors. When
<envar>OBJECT_MODE</envar> is set, it tells AIX's build utilities
such as <command>ar</command>, <command>as</command>, and <command>ld</command> what
type of objects to default to handling.
</para>
<para>
By default, overcommit of paging space can happen. While we have
not seen this occur, AIX will kill processes when it runs out of
memory and the overcommit is accessed. The closest to this that
we have seen is fork failing because the system decided that
there was not enough memory for another process. Like many other
parts of AIX, the paging space allocation method and
out-of-memory kill is configurable on a system- or process-wide
basis if this becomes a problem.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-cygwin">
<title>Cygwin</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-cygwin">
<primary>Cygwin</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
PostgreSQL can be built using Cygwin, a Linux-like environment for
Windows, but that method is inferior to the native Windows build
<phrase condition="standalone-ignore">(see <xref linkend="install-windows"/>)</phrase> and
running a server under Cygwin is no longer recommended.
</para>
<para>
When building from source, proceed according to the Unix-style
installation procedure (i.e., <literal>./configure;
make</literal>; etc.), noting the following Cygwin-specific
differences:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Set your path to use the Cygwin bin directory before the
Windows utilities. This will help prevent problems with
compilation.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <command>adduser</command> command is not supported; use
the appropriate user management application on Windows.
Otherwise, skip this step.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <command>su</command> command is not supported; use ssh to
simulate su on Windows. Otherwise, skip this step.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<productname>OpenSSL</productname> is not supported.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Start <command>cygserver</command> for shared memory support.
To do this, enter the command <literal>/usr/sbin/cygserver
&amp;</literal>. This program needs to be running anytime you
start the PostgreSQL server or initialize a database cluster
(<command>initdb</command>). The
default <command>cygserver</command> configuration may need to
be changed (e.g., increase <symbol>SEMMNS</symbol>) to prevent
PostgreSQL from failing due to a lack of system resources.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Building might fail on some systems where a locale other than
C is in use. To fix this, set the locale to C by doing
<command>export LANG=C.utf8</command> before building, and then
setting it back to the previous setting after you have installed
PostgreSQL.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The parallel regression tests (<literal>make check</literal>)
can generate spurious regression test failures due to
overflowing the <function>listen()</function> backlog queue
which causes connection refused errors or hangs. You can limit
the number of connections using the make
variable <varname>MAX_CONNECTIONS</varname> thus:
<programlisting>
make MAX_CONNECTIONS=5 check
</programlisting>
(On some systems you can have up to about 10 simultaneous
connections.)
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>
It is possible to install <command>cygserver</command> and the
PostgreSQL server as Windows NT services. For information on how
to do this, please refer to the <filename>README</filename>
document included with the PostgreSQL binary package on Cygwin.
It is installed in the
directory <filename>/usr/share/doc/Cygwin</filename>.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-macos">
<title>macOS</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-macos">
<primary>macOS</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
To build <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> from source
on <productname>macOS</productname>, you will need to install Apple's
command line developer tools, which can be done by issuing
<programlisting>
xcode-select --install
</programlisting>
(note that this will pop up a GUI dialog window for confirmation).
You may or may not wish to also install Xcode.
</para>
<para>
On recent <productname>macOS</productname> releases, it's necessary to
embed the <quote>sysroot</quote> path in the include switches used to
find some system header files. This results in the outputs of
the <application>configure</application> script varying depending on
which SDK version was used during <application>configure</application>.
That shouldn't pose any problem in simple scenarios, but if you are
trying to do something like building an extension on a different machine
than the server code was built on, you may need to force use of a
different sysroot path. To do that, set <varname>PG_SYSROOT</varname>,
for example
<programlisting>
make PG_SYSROOT=<replaceable>/desired/path</replaceable> all
</programlisting>
To find out the appropriate path on your machine, run
<programlisting>
xcrun --show-sdk-path
</programlisting>
Note that building an extension using a different sysroot version than
was used to build the core server is not really recommended; in the
worst case it could result in hard-to-debug ABI inconsistencies.
</para>
<para>
You can also select a non-default sysroot path when configuring, by
specifying <varname>PG_SYSROOT</varname>
to <application>configure</application>:
<programlisting>
./configure ... PG_SYSROOT=<replaceable>/desired/path</replaceable>
</programlisting>
This would primarily be useful to cross-compile for some other
macOS version. There is no guarantee that the resulting executables
will run on the current host.
</para>
<para>
To suppress the <option>-isysroot</option> options altogether, use
<programlisting>
./configure ... PG_SYSROOT=none
</programlisting>
(any nonexistent pathname will work). This might be useful if you wish
to build with a non-Apple compiler, but beware that that case is not
tested or supported by the PostgreSQL developers.
</para>
<para>
<productname>macOS</productname>'s <quote>System Integrity
Protection</quote> (SIP) feature breaks <literal>make check</literal>,
because it prevents passing the needed setting
of <literal>DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH</literal> down to the executables being
tested. You can work around that by doing <literal>make
install</literal> before <literal>make check</literal>.
Most PostgreSQL developers just turn off SIP, though.
</para>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-mingw">
<title>MinGW/Native Windows</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-mingw">
<primary>MinGW</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
PostgreSQL for Windows can be built using MinGW, a Unix-like build
environment for Microsoft operating systems, or using
Microsoft's <productname>Visual C++</productname> compiler suite.
The MinGW build procedure uses the normal build system described in
this chapter; the Visual C++ build works completely differently
and is described in <xref linkend="install-windows"/>.
</para>
<para>
The native Windows port requires a 32 or 64-bit version of Windows
2000 or later. Earlier operating systems do
not have sufficient infrastructure (but Cygwin may be used on
those). MinGW, the Unix-like build tools, and MSYS, a collection
of Unix tools required to run shell scripts
like <command>configure</command>, can be downloaded
from <ulink url="http://www.mingw.org/"></ulink>. Neither is
required to run the resulting binaries; they are needed only for
creating the binaries.
</para>
<para>
To build 64 bit binaries using MinGW, install the 64 bit tool set
from <ulink url="https://mingw-w64.org/"></ulink>, put its bin
directory in the <envar>PATH</envar>, and run
<command>configure</command> with the
<command>--host=x86_64-w64-mingw32</command> option.
</para>
<para>
After you have everything installed, it is suggested that you
run <application>psql</application>
under <command>CMD.EXE</command>, as the MSYS console has
buffering issues.
</para>
<sect3 id="windows-crash-dumps">
<title>Collecting Crash Dumps on Windows</title>
<para>
If PostgreSQL on Windows crashes, it has the ability to generate
<productname>minidumps</productname> that can be used to track down the cause
for the crash, similar to core dumps on Unix. These dumps can be
read using the <productname>Windows Debugger Tools</productname> or using
<productname>Visual Studio</productname>. To enable the generation of dumps
on Windows, create a subdirectory named <filename>crashdumps</filename>
inside the cluster data directory. The dumps will then be written
into this directory with a unique name based on the identifier of
the crashing process and the current time of the crash.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2 id="installation-notes-solaris">
<title>Solaris</title>
<indexterm zone="installation-notes-solaris">
<primary>Solaris</primary>
<secondary>installation on</secondary>
</indexterm>
<para>
PostgreSQL is well-supported on Solaris. The more up to date your
operating system, the fewer issues you will experience.
</para>
<sect3 id="installation-notes-solaris-req-tools">
<title>Required Tools</title>
<para>
You can build with either GCC or Sun's compiler suite. For
better code optimization, Sun's compiler is strongly recommended
on the SPARC architecture. If
you are using Sun's compiler, be careful not to select
<filename>/usr/ucb/cc</filename>;
use <filename>/opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc</filename>.
</para>
<para>
You can download Sun Studio
from <ulink url="https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/downloads/"></ulink>.
Many GNU tools are integrated into Solaris 10, or they are
present on the Solaris companion CD. If you need packages for
older versions of Solaris, you can find these tools
at <ulink url="http://www.sunfreeware.com"></ulink>.
If you prefer
sources, look
at <ulink url="https://www.gnu.org/prep/ftp"></ulink>.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="installation-notes-solaris-configure-complains">
<title>configure Complains About a Failed Test Program</title>
<para>
If <command>configure</command> complains about a failed test
program, this is probably a case of the run-time linker being
unable to find some library, probably libz, libreadline or some
other non-standard library such as libssl. To point it to the
right location, set the <envar>LDFLAGS</envar> environment
variable on the <command>configure</command> command line, e.g.,
<programlisting>
configure ... LDFLAGS="-R /usr/sfw/lib:/opt/sfw/lib:/usr/local/lib"
</programlisting>
See
the <citerefentry><refentrytitle>ld</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>
man page for more information.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="installation-notes-solaris-comp-opt-perf">
<title>Compiling for Optimal Performance</title>
<para>
On the SPARC architecture, Sun Studio is strongly recommended for
compilation. Try using the <option>-xO5</option> optimization
flag to generate significantly faster binaries. Do not use any
flags that modify behavior of floating-point operations
and <varname>errno</varname> processing (e.g.,
<option>-fast</option>).
</para>
<para>
If you do not have a reason to use 64-bit binaries on SPARC,
prefer the 32-bit version. The 64-bit operations are slower and
64-bit binaries are slower than the 32-bit variants. On the
other hand, 32-bit code on the AMD64 CPU family is not native,
so 32-bit code is significantly slower on that CPU family.
</para>
</sect3>
<sect3 id="installation-notes-solaris-using-dtrace">
<title>Using DTrace for Tracing PostgreSQL</title>
<para>
Yes, using DTrace is possible. See <xref linkend="dynamic-trace"/> for
further information.
</para>
<para>
If you see the linking of the <command>postgres</command> executable abort with an
error message like:
<screen>
Undefined first referenced
symbol in file
AbortTransaction utils/probes.o
CommitTransaction utils/probes.o
ld: fatal: Symbol referencing errors. No output written to postgres
collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [postgres] Error 1
</screen>
your DTrace installation is too old to handle probes in static
functions. You need Solaris 10u4 or newer to use DTrace.
</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
</sect1>
</chapter>
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