pg_standby README 2006/12/08 Simon Riggs
o What is pg_standby?
pg_standby allows the creation of a Warm Standby server.
It is designed to be a production-ready program, as well as a
customisable template should you require specific modifications.
Other configuration is required as well, all of which is
described in the main server manual.
The program is designed to be a wait-for restore_command,
required to turn a normal archive recovery into a Warm Standby.
Within the restore_command of the recovery.conf you could
configure pg_standby in the following way:
restore_command = 'pg_standby archiveDir %f %p %r'
which would be sufficient to define that files will be restored
from archiveDir.
o features of pg_standby
- pg_standby is written in C. So it is very portable
and easy to install.
- supports copy or link from a directory (only)
- source easy to modify, with specifically designated
sections to modify for your own needs, allowing
interfaces to be written for additional Backup Archive Restore
(BAR) systems
- portable: tested on Linux and Windows
o How to install pg_standby
$make
$make install
o How to use pg_standby?
pg_standby should be used within the restore_command of the
recovery.conf file. See the main PostgreSQL manual for details.
The basic usage should be like this:
restore_command = 'pg_standby archiveDir %f %p %r'
with the pg_standby command usage as
pg_standby [OPTION]... ARCHIVELOCATION NEXTWALFILE XLOGFILEPATH [RESTARTWALFILE]
When used within the restore_command the %f and %p macros
will provide the actual file and path required for the restore/recovery.
pg_standby assumes that ARCHIVELOCATION is directory accessible by the
server-owning user.
If RESTARTWALFILE is specified, typically by using the %r option, then all files
prior to this file will be removed from ARCHIVELOCATION. This then minimises
the number of files that need to be held, whilst at the same time maintaining
restart capability. This capability additionally assumes that ARCHIVELOCATION
directory is writable.
o options
pg_standby allows the following command line switches
-c
use copy/cp command to restore WAL files from archive
-d
debug/logging option.
-k numfiles
Cleanup files in the archive so that we maintain no more
than this many files in the archive. This parameter will
be silently ignored if RESTARTWALFILE is specified, since
that specification method is more accurate in determining
the correct cut-off point in archive.
You should be wary against setting this number too low,
since this may mean you cannot restart the standby. This
is because the last restartpoint marked in the WAL files
may be many files in the past and can vary considerably.
This should be set to a value exceeding the number of WAL
files that can be recovered in 2*checkpoint_timeout seconds,
according to the value in the warm standby postgresql.conf.
It is wholly unrelated to the setting of checkpoint_segments
on either primary or standby.
Setting numfiles to be zero will disable deletion of files
from ARCHIVELOCATION.
If in doubt, use a large value or do not set a value at all.
If you specify neither RESTARTWALFILE nor -k, then -k 0
will be assumed, i.e. keep all files in archive.
Default=0, Min=0
-l
use ln command to restore WAL files from archive
WAL files will remain in archive
Link is more efficient, but the default is copy to
allow you to maintain the WAL archive for recovery
purposes as well as high-availability.
The default setting is not necessarily recommended,
consult the main database server manual for discussion.
This option uses the Windows Vista command mklink
to provide a file-to-file symbolic link. -l will
not work on versions of Windows prior to Vista.
Use the -c option instead.
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS_symbolic_link
-r maxretries
the maximum number of times to retry the restore command if it
fails. After each failure, we wait for sleeptime * num_retries
so that the wait time increases progressively, so by default
we will wait 5 secs, 10 secs then 15 secs before reporting
the failure back to the database server. This will be
interpreted as and end of recovery and the Standby will come
up fully as a result.
Default=3, Min=0
-s sleeptime
the number of seconds to sleep between testing to see
if the file to be restored is available in the archive yet.
The default setting is not necessarily recommended,
consult the main database server manual for discussion.
Default=5, Min=1, Max=60
-t triggerfile
the presence of the triggerfile will cause recovery to end
whether or not the next file is available
It is recommended that you use a structured filename to
avoid confusion as to which server is being triggered
when multiple servers exist on same system.
e.g. /tmp/pgsql.trigger.5432
-w maxwaittime
the maximum number of seconds to wait for the next file,
after which recovery will end and the Standby will come up.
A setting of zero means wait forever.
The default setting is not necessarily recommended,
consult the main database server manual for discussion.
Default=0, Min=0
Note: --help is not supported since pg_standby is not intended
for interactive use, except during dev/test
o examples
Linux
archive_command = 'cp %p ../archive/%f'
restore_command = 'pg_standby -l -d -k 255 -r 2 -s 2 -w 0 -t /tmp/pgsql.trigger.5442 $PWD/../archive %f %p 2>> standby.log'
which will
- use a ln command to restore WAL files from archive
- produce logfile output in standby.log
- keep the last 255 full WAL files, plus the current one
- sleep for 2 seconds between checks for next WAL file is full
- never timeout if file not found
- stop waiting when a trigger file called /tmp.pgsql.trigger.5442 appears
Windows
archive_command = 'copy %p ..\\archive\\%f'
Note that backslashes need to be doubled in the archive_command, but
*not* in the restore_command, in 8.2, 8.1, 8.0 on Windows.
restore_command = 'pg_standby -c -d -s 5 -w 0 -t C:\pgsql.trigger.5442 ..\archive %f %p 2>> standby.log'
which will
- use a copy command to restore WAL files from archive
- produce logfile output in standby.log
- sleep for 5 seconds between checks for next WAL file is full
- never timeout if file not found
- stop waiting when a trigger file called C:\pgsql.trigger.5442 appears
o supported versions
pg_standby is designed to work with PostgreSQL 8.2 and later. It is
currently compatible across minor changes between the way 8.3 and 8.2
operate.
PostgreSQL 8.3 provides the %r command line substitution, designed to
let pg_standby know the last file it needs to keep. If the last
parameter is omitted, no error is generated, allowing pg_standby to
function correctly with PostgreSQL 8.2 also. With PostgreSQL 8.2,
the -k option must be used if archive cleanup is required. This option
remains available in 8.3.
o reported test success
SUSE Linux 10.2
Windows XP Pro
o additional design notes
The use of a move command seems like it would be a good idea, but
this would prevent recovery from being restartable. Also, the last WAL
file is always requested twice from the archive.
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