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d204ef6377
postgresql/doc/src/sgml/ref
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Simon Riggs d204ef6377 MERGE SQL Command following SQL:2016 
MERGE performs actions that modify rows in the target table
using a source table or query. MERGE provides a single SQL
statement that can conditionally INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE rows
a task that would other require multiple PL statements.
e.g.

MERGE INTO target AS t
USING source AS s
ON t.tid = s.sid
WHEN MATCHED AND t.balance > s.delta THEN
  UPDATE SET balance = t.balance - s.delta
WHEN MATCHED THEN
  DELETE
WHEN NOT MATCHED AND s.delta > 0 THEN
  INSERT VALUES (s.sid, s.delta)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
  DO NOTHING;

MERGE works with regular and partitioned tables, including
column and row security enforcement, as well as support for
row, statement and transition triggers.

MERGE is optimized for OLTP and is parameterizable, though
also useful for large scale ETL/ELT. MERGE is not intended
to be used in preference to existing single SQL commands
for INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE since there is some overhead.
MERGE can be used statically from PL/pgSQL.

MERGE does not yet support inheritance, write rules,
RETURNING clauses, updatable views or foreign tables.
MERGE follows SQL Standard per the most recent SQL:2016.

Includes full tests and documentation, including full
isolation tests to demonstrate the concurrent behavior.

This version written from scratch in 2017 by Simon Riggs,
using docs and tests originally written in 2009. Later work
from Pavan Deolasee has been both complex and deep, leaving
the lead author credit now in his hands.
Extensive discussion of concurrency from Peter Geoghegan,
with thanks for the time and effort contributed.

Various issues reported via sqlsmith by Andreas Seltenreich

Authors: Pavan Deolasee, Simon Riggs
Reviewer: Peter Geoghegan, Amit Langote, Tomas Vondra, Simon Riggs

Discussion:
https://postgr.es/m/CANP8+jKitBSrB7oTgT9CY2i1ObfOt36z0XMraQc+Xrz8QB0nXA@mail.gmail.com
https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkJdBuxj9PO=2QaO9-3h3xGbQPZ34kJH=HukRekwM-GZg@mail.gmail.com
2018-04-03 09:28:16 +01:00
..
abort.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
allfiles.sgml MERGE SQL Command following SQL:2016 2018-04-03 09:28:16 +01:00
alter_aggregate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_collation.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_conversion.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_database.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_default_privileges.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
alter_domain.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_event_trigger.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_extension.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
alter_foreign_data_wrapper.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_foreign_table.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_function.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
alter_group.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_index.sgml Local partitioned indexes 2018-01-19 11:49:22 -03:00
alter_language.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_large_object.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_materialized_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_opclass.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_operator.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_opfamily.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_policy.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_procedure.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
alter_publication.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_role.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_routine.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
alter_rule.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_schema.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_sequence.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_server.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_statistics.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_subscription.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_system.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_table.sgml Fast ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN with a non-NULL default 2018-03-28 10:43:52 +10:30
alter_tablespace.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_trigger.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_tsconfig.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_tsdictionary.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_tsparser.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_tstemplate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_type.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_user_mapping.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_user.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
alter_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
analyze.sgml Add parenthesized options syntax for ANALYZE. 2018-03-05 16:21:05 -08:00
begin.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
call.sgml Support INOUT arguments in procedures 2018-03-14 12:07:28 -04:00
checkpoint.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
close.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
cluster.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
clusterdb.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
comment.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
commit_prepared.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
commit.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
copy.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_access_method.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_aggregate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_cast.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_collation.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_conversion.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_database.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_domain.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_event_trigger.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_extension.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_foreign_data_wrapper.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_foreign_table.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_function.sgml Remove the obsolete WITH clause of CREATE FUNCTION. 2018-01-26 12:25:44 -05:00
create_group.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_index.sgml Allow HOT updates for some expression indexes 2018-03-27 19:57:02 +01:00
create_language.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_materialized_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_opclass.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_operator.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_opfamily.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_policy.sgml MERGE SQL Command following SQL:2016 2018-04-03 09:28:16 +01:00
create_procedure.sgml Support INOUT arguments in procedures 2018-03-14 12:07:28 -04:00
create_publication.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_role.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_rule.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_schema.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_sequence.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_server.sgml docs: fix spacing around "if not exists" brackets 2018-03-29 21:25:39 -04:00
create_statistics.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_subscription.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_table_as.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_table.sgml doc: Reword restriction on partition keys in unique indexes 2018-03-12 13:32:28 -03:00
create_tablespace.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_transform.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_trigger.sgml Allow FOR EACH ROW triggers on partitioned tables 2018-03-23 10:48:22 -03:00
create_tsconfig.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_tsdictionary.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_tsparser.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_tstemplate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_type.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_user_mapping.sgml docs: fix spacing around "if not exists" brackets 2018-03-29 21:25:39 -04:00
create_user.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
create_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
createdb.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
createuser.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
deallocate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
declare.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
delete.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
discard.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
do.sgml Transaction control in PL procedures 2018-01-22 08:43:06 -05:00
drop_access_method.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_aggregate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_cast.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_collation.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_conversion.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_database.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_domain.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_event_trigger.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_extension.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_foreign_data_wrapper.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_foreign_table.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_function.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
drop_group.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_index.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_language.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_materialized_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_opclass.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_operator.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_opfamily.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_owned.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_policy.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_procedure.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
drop_publication.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_role.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_routine.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
drop_rule.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_schema.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_sequence.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_server.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_statistics.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_subscription.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_table.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_tablespace.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_transform.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_trigger.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_tsconfig.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_tsdictionary.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_tsparser.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_tstemplate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_type.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_user_mapping.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_user.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
drop_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
dropdb.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
dropuser.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
ecpg-ref.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
end.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
execute.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
explain.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
fetch.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
grant.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
import_foreign_schema.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
initdb.sgml initdb: Further polishing of --wal-segsize option 2018-03-25 14:58:21 -04:00
insert.sgml MERGE SQL Command following SQL:2016 2018-04-03 09:28:16 +01:00
listen.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
load.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
lock.sgml Allow to lock views. 2018-03-30 09:18:02 +09:00
move.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
notify.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pg_basebackup.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pg_config-ref.sgml Don't use SGML empty tags 2017-10-17 15:10:33 -04:00
pg_controldata.sgml Add long options to pg_resetwal and pg_controldata 2018-03-24 21:49:53 -04:00
pg_ctl-ref.sgml Documentation fix: pg_ctl no longer makes connection attempts. 2018-01-23 12:42:03 -05:00
pg_dump.sgml Support --no-comments in pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore. 2018-01-25 15:27:24 -05:00
pg_dumpall.sgml Support --no-comments in pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore. 2018-01-25 15:27:24 -05:00
pg_isready.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pg_receivewal.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pg_recvlogical.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pg_resetwal.sgml pg_resetwal: Allow users to change the WAL segment size 2018-03-25 14:58:49 -04:00
pg_restore.sgml Support --no-comments in pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore. 2018-01-25 15:27:24 -05:00
pg_rewind.sgml Make pg_rewind skip files and directories that are removed during server start. 2018-03-29 04:56:52 +09:00
pg_waldump.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pgarchivecleanup.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pgbench.sgml Set random seed for pgbench. 2018-03-26 18:26:27 +03:00
pgtestfsync.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pgtesttiming.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
pgupgrade.sgml doc: clarify major/minor pg_upgrade versions with examples 2018-01-31 17:09:59 -05:00
postgres-ref.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
postmaster.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
prepare_transaction.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
prepare.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
psql-ref.sgml Add \if support to pgbench 2018-03-22 17:42:03 +03:00
reassign_owned.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
refresh_materialized_view.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
reindex.sgml Local partitioned indexes 2018-01-19 11:49:22 -03:00
reindexdb.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
release_savepoint.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
reset.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
revoke.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
rollback_prepared.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
rollback_to.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
rollback.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
savepoint.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
security_label.sgml SQL procedures 2017-11-30 11:03:20 -05:00
select_into.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
select.sgml Support all SQL:2011 options for window frame clauses. 2018-02-07 00:06:56 -05:00
set_constraints.sgml Convert SGML IDs to lower case 2017-10-20 19:26:10 -04:00
set_role.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
set_session_auth.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
set_transaction.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
set.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
show.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
start_transaction.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
truncate.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
unlisten.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
update.sgml Allow UPDATE to move rows between partitions. 2018-01-19 15:33:06 -05:00
vacuum.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
vacuumdb.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00
values.sgml Convert documentation to DocBook XML 2017-11-23 09:44:28 -05:00