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postgresql/contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
Robert Haas 68cbb9f4e7 Modestly improve pgbench's checking for invalid ranges. 
The old check against MAX_RANDOM_VALUE is clearly irrelevant since
getrand() no longer calls random().  Instead, check whether min and max
are close enough together to avoid an overflow inside getrand(), as
suggested by Tom Lane.  This is still somewhat silly, because we're
using atoi(), which doesn't check for overflow anyway and (at least on
my system) will cheerfully return 0 when given "4294967296".  But that's
a problem for another commit.
2011-08-05 12:53:03 -04:00

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/*
* pgbench.c
*
* A simple benchmark program for PostgreSQL
* Originally written by Tatsuo Ishii and enhanced by many contributors.
*
* contrib/pgbench/pgbench.c
* Copyright (c) 2000-2011, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
* ALL RIGHTS RESERVED;
*
* Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
* documentation for any purpose, without fee, and without a written agreement
* is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this
* paragraph and the following two paragraphs appear in all copies.
*
* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR
* DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING
* LOST PROFITS, ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS
* DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IF THE AUTHOR OR DISTRIBUTORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
* THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES,
* INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
* AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS
* ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, AND THE AUTHOR AND DISTRIBUTORS HAS NO OBLIGATIONS TO
* PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.
*
*/
#ifdef WIN32
#define FD_SETSIZE 1024 /* set before winsock2.h is included */
#endif /* ! WIN32 */
#include "postgres_fe.h"
#include "getopt_long.h"
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include "libpq/pqsignal.h"
#include "portability/instr_time.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#ifndef WIN32
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#endif /* ! WIN32 */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
#include <sys/resource.h> /* for getrlimit */
#endif
#ifndef INT64_MAX
#define INT64_MAX INT64CONST(0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
#endif
/*
* Multi-platform pthread implementations
*/
#ifdef WIN32
/* Use native win32 threads on Windows */
typedef struct win32_pthread *pthread_t;
typedef int pthread_attr_t;
static int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t * attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
static int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
#elif defined(ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY)
/* Use platform-dependent pthread capability */
#include <pthread.h>
#else
/* Use emulation with fork. Rename pthread identifiers to avoid conflicts */
#include <sys/wait.h>
#define pthread_t pg_pthread_t
#define pthread_attr_t pg_pthread_attr_t
#define pthread_create pg_pthread_create
#define pthread_join pg_pthread_join
typedef struct fork_pthread *pthread_t;
typedef int pthread_attr_t;
static int pthread_create(pthread_t *thread, pthread_attr_t * attr, void *(*start_routine) (void *), void *arg);
static int pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return);
#endif
extern char *optarg;
extern int optind;
/********************************************************************
* some configurable parameters */
/* max number of clients allowed */
#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
#define MAXCLIENTS (FD_SETSIZE - 10)
#else
#define MAXCLIENTS 1024
#endif
#define DEFAULT_NXACTS 10 /* default nxacts */
int nxacts = 0; /* number of transactions per client */
int duration = 0; /* duration in seconds */
/*
* scaling factor. for example, scale = 10 will make 1000000 tuples in
* pgbench_accounts table.
*/
int scale = 1;
/*
* fillfactor. for example, fillfactor = 90 will use only 90 percent
* space during inserts and leave 10 percent free.
*/
int fillfactor = 100;
/*
* use unlogged tables?
*/
int unlogged_tables = 0;
/*
* tablespace selection
*/
char *tablespace = NULL;
char *index_tablespace = NULL;
/*
* end of configurable parameters
*********************************************************************/
#define nbranches 1 /* Makes little sense to change this. Change
* -s instead */
#define ntellers 10
#define naccounts 100000
bool use_log; /* log transaction latencies to a file */
bool is_connect; /* establish connection for each transaction */
bool is_latencies; /* report per-command latencies */
int main_pid; /* main process id used in log filename */
char *pghost = "";
char *pgport = "";
char *pgoptions = NULL;
char *pgtty = NULL;
char *login = NULL;
char *dbName;
volatile bool timer_exceeded = false; /* flag from signal handler */
/* variable definitions */
typedef struct
{
char *name; /* variable name */
char *value; /* its value */
} Variable;
#define MAX_FILES 128 /* max number of SQL script files allowed */
#define SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE 256 /* maximum size allowed for shell command */
/*
* structures used in custom query mode
*/
typedef struct
{
PGconn *con; /* connection handle to DB */
int id; /* client No. */
int state; /* state No. */
int cnt; /* xacts count */
int ecnt; /* error count */
int listen; /* 0 indicates that an async query has been
* sent */
int sleeping; /* 1 indicates that the client is napping */
int64 until; /* napping until (usec) */
Variable *variables; /* array of variable definitions */
int nvariables;
instr_time txn_begin; /* used for measuring transaction latencies */
instr_time stmt_begin; /* used for measuring statement latencies */
int use_file; /* index in sql_files for this client */
bool prepared[MAX_FILES];
} CState;
/*
* Thread state and result
*/
typedef struct
{
int tid; /* thread id */
pthread_t thread; /* thread handle */
CState *state; /* array of CState */
int nstate; /* length of state[] */
instr_time start_time; /* thread start time */
instr_time *exec_elapsed; /* time spent executing cmds (per Command) */
int *exec_count; /* number of cmd executions (per Command) */
unsigned short random_state[3]; /* separate randomness for each thread */
} TState;
#define INVALID_THREAD ((pthread_t) 0)
typedef struct
{
instr_time conn_time;
int xacts;
} TResult;
/*
* queries read from files
*/
#define SQL_COMMAND 1
#define META_COMMAND 2
#define MAX_ARGS 10
typedef enum QueryMode
{
QUERY_SIMPLE, /* simple query */
QUERY_EXTENDED, /* extended query */
QUERY_PREPARED, /* extended query with prepared statements */
NUM_QUERYMODE
} QueryMode;
static QueryMode querymode = QUERY_SIMPLE;
static const char *QUERYMODE[] = {"simple", "extended", "prepared"};
typedef struct
{
char *line; /* full text of command line */
int command_num; /* unique index of this Command struct */
int type; /* command type (SQL_COMMAND or META_COMMAND) */
int argc; /* number of command words */
char *argv[MAX_ARGS]; /* command word list */
} Command;
static Command **sql_files[MAX_FILES]; /* SQL script files */
static int num_files; /* number of script files */
static int num_commands = 0; /* total number of Command structs */
static int debug = 0; /* debug flag */
/* default scenario */
static char *tpc_b = {
"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_tellers SET tbalance = tbalance + :delta WHERE tid = :tid;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_branches SET bbalance = bbalance + :delta WHERE bid = :bid;\n"
"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -N case */
static char *simple_update = {
"\\set nbranches " CppAsString2(nbranches) " * :scale\n"
"\\set ntellers " CppAsString2(ntellers) " * :scale\n"
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"\\setrandom bid 1 :nbranches\n"
"\\setrandom tid 1 :ntellers\n"
"\\setrandom delta -5000 5000\n"
"BEGIN;\n"
"UPDATE pgbench_accounts SET abalance = abalance + :delta WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
"INSERT INTO pgbench_history (tid, bid, aid, delta, mtime) VALUES (:tid, :bid, :aid, :delta, CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);\n"
"END;\n"
};
/* -S case */
static char *select_only = {
"\\set naccounts " CppAsString2(naccounts) " * :scale\n"
"\\setrandom aid 1 :naccounts\n"
"SELECT abalance FROM pgbench_accounts WHERE aid = :aid;\n"
};
/* Function prototypes */
static void setalarm(int seconds);
static void *threadRun(void *arg);
/*
* routines to check mem allocations and fail noisily.
*/
static void *
xmalloc(size_t size)
{
void *result;
result = malloc(size);
if (!result)
{
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
return result;
}
static void *
xrealloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
void *result;
result = realloc(ptr, size);
if (!result)
{
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
return result;
}
static char *
xstrdup(const char *s)
{
char *result;
result = strdup(s);
if (!result)
{
fprintf(stderr, "out of memory\n");
exit(1);
}
return result;
}
static void
usage(const char *progname)
{
printf("%s is a benchmarking tool for PostgreSQL.\n\n"
"Usage:\n"
" %s [OPTIONS]... [DBNAME]\n"
"\nInitialization options:\n"
" -i invokes initialization mode\n"
" -F NUM fill factor\n"
" -s NUM scaling factor\n"
" --index-tablespace=TABLESPACE\n"
" create indexes in the specified tablespace\n"
" --tablespace=TABLESPACE\n"
" create tables in the specified tablespace\n"
" --unlogged-tables\n"
" create tables as unlogged tables\n"
"\nBenchmarking options:\n"
" -c NUM number of concurrent database clients (default: 1)\n"
" -C establish new connection for each transaction\n"
" -D VARNAME=VALUE\n"
" define variable for use by custom script\n"
" -f FILENAME read transaction script from FILENAME\n"
" -j NUM number of threads (default: 1)\n"
" -l write transaction times to log file\n"
" -M {simple|extended|prepared}\n"
" protocol for submitting queries to server (default: simple)\n"
" -n do not run VACUUM before tests\n"
" -N do not update tables \"pgbench_tellers\" and \"pgbench_branches\"\n"
" -r report average latency per command\n"
" -s NUM report this scale factor in output\n"
" -S perform SELECT-only transactions\n"
" -t NUM number of transactions each client runs (default: 10)\n"
" -T NUM duration of benchmark test in seconds\n"
" -v vacuum all four standard tables before tests\n"
"\nCommon options:\n"
" -d print debugging output\n"
" -h HOSTNAME database server host or socket directory\n"
" -p PORT database server port number\n"
" -U USERNAME connect as specified database user\n"
" --help show this help, then exit\n"
" --version output version information, then exit\n"
"\n"
"Report bugs to <pgsql-bugs@postgresql.org>.\n",
progname, progname);
}
/* random number generator: uniform distribution from min to max inclusive */
static int
getrand(TState *thread, int min, int max)
{
/*
* Odd coding is so that min and max have approximately the same chance of
* being selected as do numbers between them.
*
* pg_erand48() is thread-safe and concurrent, which is why we use it
* rather than random(), which in glibc is non-reentrant, and therefore
* protected by a mutex, and therefore a bottleneck on machines with many
* CPUs.
*/
return min + (int) ((max - min + 1) * pg_erand48(thread->random_state));
}
/* call PQexec() and exit() on failure */
static void
executeStatement(PGconn *con, const char *sql)
{
PGresult *res;
res = PQexec(con, sql);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
}
/* set up a connection to the backend */
static PGconn *
doConnect(void)
{
PGconn *conn;
static char *password = NULL;
bool new_pass;
/*
* Start the connection. Loop until we have a password if requested by
* backend.
*/
do
{
new_pass = false;
conn = PQsetdbLogin(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName,
login, password);
if (!conn)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed\n",
dbName);
return NULL;
}
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD &&
PQconnectionNeedsPassword(conn) &&
password == NULL)
{
PQfinish(conn);
password = simple_prompt("Password: ", 100, false);
new_pass = true;
}
} while (new_pass);
/* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made */
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database \"%s\" failed:\n%s",
dbName, PQerrorMessage(conn));
PQfinish(conn);
return NULL;
}
return conn;
}
/* throw away response from backend */
static void
discard_response(CState *state)
{
PGresult *res;
do
{
res = PQgetResult(state->con);
if (res)
PQclear(res);
} while (res);
}
static int
compareVariables(const void *v1, const void *v2)
{
return strcmp(((const Variable *) v1)->name,
((const Variable *) v2)->name);
}
static char *
getVariable(CState *st, char *name)
{
Variable key,
*var;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables <= 0)
return NULL;
key.name = name;
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
if (var != NULL)
return var->value;
else
return NULL;
}
/* check whether the name consists of alphabets, numerals and underscores. */
static bool
isLegalVariableName(const char *name)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; name[i] != '\0'; i++)
{
if (!isalnum((unsigned char) name[i]) && name[i] != '_')
return false;
}
return true;
}
static int
putVariable(CState *st, const char *context, char *name, char *value)
{
Variable key,
*var;
key.name = name;
/* On some versions of Solaris, bsearch of zero items dumps core */
if (st->nvariables > 0)
var = (Variable *) bsearch((void *) &key,
(void *) st->variables,
st->nvariables,
sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
else
var = NULL;
if (var == NULL)
{
Variable *newvars;
/*
* Check for the name only when declaring a new variable to avoid
* overhead.
*/
if (!isLegalVariableName(name))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid variable name '%s'\n", context, name);
return false;
}
if (st->variables)
newvars = (Variable *) xrealloc(st->variables,
(st->nvariables + 1) * sizeof(Variable));
else
newvars = (Variable *) xmalloc(sizeof(Variable));
st->variables = newvars;
var = &newvars[st->nvariables];
var->name = xstrdup(name);
var->value = xstrdup(value);
st->nvariables++;
qsort((void *) st->variables, st->nvariables, sizeof(Variable),
compareVariables);
}
else
{
char *val;
/* dup then free, in case value is pointing at this variable */
val = xstrdup(value);
free(var->value);
var->value = val;
}
return true;
}
static char *
parseVariable(const char *sql, int *eaten)
{
int i = 0;
char *name;
do
{
i++;
} while (isalnum((unsigned char) sql[i]) || sql[i] == '_');
if (i == 1)
return NULL;
name = xmalloc(i);
memcpy(name, &sql[1], i - 1);
name[i - 1] = '\0';
*eaten = i;
return name;
}
static char *
replaceVariable(char **sql, char *param, int len, char *value)
{
int valueln = strlen(value);
if (valueln > len)
{
size_t offset = param - *sql;
*sql = xrealloc(*sql, strlen(*sql) - len + valueln + 1);
param = *sql + offset;
}
if (valueln != len)
memmove(param + valueln, param + len, strlen(param + len) + 1);
strncpy(param, value, valueln);
return param + valueln;
}
static char *
assignVariables(CState *st, char *sql)
{
char *p,
*name,
*val;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':')
{
p++;
}
continue;
}
val = getVariable(st, name);
free(name);
if (val == NULL)
{
p++;
continue;
}
p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, val);
}
return sql;
}
static void
getQueryParams(CState *st, const Command *command, const char **params)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < command->argc - 1; i++)
params[i] = getVariable(st, command->argv[i + 1]);
}
/*
* Run a shell command. The result is assigned to the variable if not NULL.
* Return true if succeeded, or false on error.
*/
static bool
runShellCommand(CState *st, char *variable, char **argv, int argc)
{
char command[SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE];
int i,
len = 0;
FILE *fp;
char res[64];
char *endptr;
int retval;
/*----------
* Join arguments with whitespace separators. Arguments starting with
* exactly one colon are treated as variables:
* name - append a string "name"
* :var - append a variable named 'var'
* ::name - append a string ":name"
*----------
*/
for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
{
char *arg;
int arglen;
if (argv[i][0] != ':')
{
arg = argv[i]; /* a string literal */
}
else if (argv[i][1] == ':')
{
arg = argv[i] + 1; /* a string literal starting with colons */
}
else if ((arg = getVariable(st, argv[i] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[i]);
return false;
}
arglen = strlen(arg);
if (len + arglen + (i > 0 ? 1 : 0) >= SHELL_COMMAND_SIZE - 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: too long shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
if (i > 0)
command[len++] = ' ';
memcpy(command + len, arg, arglen);
len += arglen;
}
command[len] = '\0';
/* Fast path for non-assignment case */
if (variable == NULL)
{
if (system(command))
{
if (!timer_exceeded)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
return true;
}
/* Execute the command with pipe and read the standard output. */
if ((fp = popen(command, "r")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot launch shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
if (fgets(res, sizeof(res), fp) == NULL)
{
if (!timer_exceeded)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot read the result\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
if (pclose(fp) < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot close shell command\n", argv[0]);
return false;
}
/* Check whether the result is an integer and assign it to the variable */
retval = (int) strtol(res, &endptr, 10);
while (*endptr != '\0' && isspace((unsigned char) *endptr))
endptr++;
if (*res == '\0' || *endptr != '\0')
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: must return an integer ('%s' returned)\n", argv[0], res);
return false;
}
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", retval);
if (!putVariable(st, "setshell", variable, res))
return false;
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("shell parameter name: %s, value: %s\n", argv[1], res);
#endif
return true;
}
#define MAX_PREPARE_NAME 32
static void
preparedStatementName(char *buffer, int file, int state)
{
sprintf(buffer, "P%d_%d", file, state);
}
static bool
clientDone(CState *st, bool ok)
{
(void) ok; /* unused */
if (st->con != NULL)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
return false; /* always false */
}
/* return false iff client should be disconnected */
static bool
doCustom(TState *thread, CState *st, instr_time *conn_time, FILE *logfile)
{
PGresult *res;
Command **commands;
top:
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
if (st->sleeping)
{ /* are we sleeping? */
instr_time now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
if (st->until <= INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now))
st->sleeping = 0; /* Done sleeping, go ahead with next command */
else
return true; /* Still sleeping, nothing to do here */
}
if (st->listen)
{ /* are we receiver? */
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d receiving\n", st->id);
if (!PQconsumeInput(st->con))
{ /* there's something wrong */
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Probably the backend died while processing.\n", st->id, st->state);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
if (PQisBusy(st->con))
return true; /* don't have the whole result yet */
}
/*
* command finished: accumulate per-command execution times in
* thread-local data structure, if per-command latencies are requested
*/
if (is_latencies)
{
instr_time now;
int cnum = commands[st->state]->command_num;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(thread->exec_elapsed[cnum],
now, st->stmt_begin);
thread->exec_count[cnum]++;
}
/*
* if transaction finished, record the time it took in the log
*/
if (logfile && commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
instr_time now;
instr_time diff;
double usec;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
diff = now;
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(diff, st->txn_begin);
usec = (double) INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(diff);
#ifndef WIN32
/* This is more than we really ought to know about instr_time */
fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d %ld %ld\n",
st->id, st->cnt, usec, st->use_file,
(long) now.tv_sec, (long) now.tv_usec);
#else
/* On Windows, instr_time doesn't provide a timestamp anyway */
fprintf(logfile, "%d %d %.0f %d 0 0\n",
st->id, st->cnt, usec, st->use_file);
#endif
}
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
/*
* Read and discard the query result; note this is not included in
* the statement latency numbers.
*/
res = PQgetResult(st->con);
switch (PQresultStatus(res))
{
case PGRES_COMMAND_OK:
case PGRES_TUPLES_OK:
break; /* OK */
default:
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d: %s",
st->id, st->state, PQerrorMessage(st->con));
PQclear(res);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
PQclear(res);
discard_response(st);
}
if (commands[st->state + 1] == NULL)
{
if (is_connect)
{
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
++st->cnt;
if ((st->cnt >= nxacts && duration <= 0) || timer_exceeded)
return clientDone(st, true); /* exit success */
}
/* increment state counter */
st->state++;
if (commands[st->state] == NULL)
{
st->state = 0;
st->use_file = getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
}
}
if (st->con == NULL)
{
instr_time start,
end;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
if ((st->con = doConnect()) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in establishing connection.\n", st->id);
return clientDone(st, false);
}
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(*conn_time, end, start);
}
/* Record transaction start time if logging is enabled */
if (logfile && st->state == 0)
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->txn_begin);
/* Record statement start time if per-command latencies are requested */
if (is_latencies)
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(st->stmt_begin);
if (commands[st->state]->type == SQL_COMMAND)
{
const Command *command = commands[st->state];
int r;
if (querymode == QUERY_SIMPLE)
{
char *sql;
sql = xstrdup(command->argv[0]);
sql = assignVariables(st, sql);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
r = PQsendQuery(st->con, sql);
free(sql);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_EXTENDED)
{
const char *sql = command->argv[0];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, sql);
r = PQsendQueryParams(st->con, sql, command->argc - 1,
NULL, params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else if (querymode == QUERY_PREPARED)
{
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
const char *params[MAX_ARGS];
if (!st->prepared[st->use_file])
{
int j;
for (j = 0; commands[j] != NULL; j++)
{
PGresult *res;
char name[MAX_PREPARE_NAME];
if (commands[j]->type != SQL_COMMAND)
continue;
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, j);
res = PQprepare(st->con, name,
commands[j]->argv[0], commands[j]->argc - 1, NULL);
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(st->con));
PQclear(res);
}
st->prepared[st->use_file] = true;
}
getQueryParams(st, command, params);
preparedStatementName(name, st->use_file, st->state);
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d sending %s\n", st->id, name);
r = PQsendQueryPrepared(st->con, name, command->argc - 1,
params, NULL, NULL, 0);
}
else /* unknown sql mode */
r = 0;
if (r == 0)
{
if (debug)
fprintf(stderr, "client %d cannot send %s\n", st->id, command->argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
}
else
st->listen = 1; /* flags that should be listened */
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
int argc = commands[st->state]->argc,
i;
char **argv = commands[st->state]->argv;
if (debug)
{
fprintf(stderr, "client %d executing \\%s", st->id, argv[0]);
for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
fprintf(stderr, " %s", argv[i]);
fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
char *var;
int min,
max;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
min = atoi(var);
}
else
min = atoi(argv[2]);
#ifdef NOT_USED
if (min < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid minimum number %d\n", argv[0], min);
st->ecnt++;
return;
}
#endif
if (*argv[3] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[3] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
max = atoi(var);
}
else
max = atoi(argv[3]);
if (max < min)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: maximum is less than minimum\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
/*
* getrand() neeeds to be able to subtract max from min and add
* one the result without overflowing. Since we know max > min,
* we can detect overflow just by checking for a negative result.
* But we must check both that the subtraction doesn't overflow,
* and that adding one to the result doesn't overflow either.
*/
if (max - min < 0 || (max - min) + 1 < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: range too large\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("min: %d max: %d random: %d\n", min, max, getrand(thread, min, max));
#endif
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", getrand(thread, min, max));
if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
char *var;
int ope1,
ope2;
char res[64];
if (*argv[2] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[2] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[2]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
ope1 = atoi(var);
}
else
ope1 = atoi(argv[2]);
if (argc < 5)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1);
else
{
if (*argv[4] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[4] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[4]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
ope2 = atoi(var);
}
else
ope2 = atoi(argv[4]);
if (strcmp(argv[3], "+") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 + ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "-") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 - ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "*") == 0)
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 * ope2);
else if (strcmp(argv[3], "/") == 0)
{
if (ope2 == 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: division by zero\n", argv[0]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
snprintf(res, sizeof(res), "%d", ope1 / ope2);
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unsupported operator %s\n", argv[0], argv[3]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
}
if (!putVariable(st, argv[0], argv[1], res))
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
char *var;
int usec;
instr_time now;
if (*argv[1] == ':')
{
if ((var = getVariable(st, argv[1] + 1)) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: undefined variable %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
usec = atoi(var);
}
else
usec = atoi(argv[1]);
if (argc > 2)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "ms") == 0)
usec *= 1000;
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[2], "s") == 0)
usec *= 1000000;
}
else
usec *= 1000000;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
st->until = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now) + usec;
st->sleeping = 1;
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
{
bool ret = runShellCommand(st, argv[1], argv + 2, argc - 2);
if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
return clientDone(st, true);
else if (!ret) /* on error */
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
else /* succeeded */
st->listen = 1;
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(argv[0], "shell") == 0)
{
bool ret = runShellCommand(st, NULL, argv + 1, argc - 1);
if (timer_exceeded) /* timeout */
return clientDone(st, true);
else if (!ret) /* on error */
{
st->ecnt++;
return true;
}
else /* succeeded */
st->listen = 1;
}
goto top;
}
return true;
}
/* discard connections */
static void
disconnect_all(CState *state, int length)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
if (state[i].con)
{
PQfinish(state[i].con);
state[i].con = NULL;
}
}
}
/* create tables and setup data */
static void
init(void)
{
/*
* Note: TPC-B requires at least 100 bytes per row, and the "filler"
* fields in these table declarations were intended to comply with that.
* But because they default to NULLs, they don't actually take any space.
* We could fix that by giving them non-null default values. However, that
* would completely break comparability of pgbench results with prior
* versions. Since pgbench has never pretended to be fully TPC-B
* compliant anyway, we stick with the historical behavior.
*/
struct ddlinfo {
char *table;
char *cols;
int declare_fillfactor;
};
struct ddlinfo DDLs[] = {
{
"pgbench_branches",
"bid int not null,bbalance int,filler char(88)",
1
},
{
"pgbench_tellers",
"tid int not null,bid int,tbalance int,filler char(84)",
1
},
{
"pgbench_accounts",
"aid int not null,bid int,abalance int,filler char(84)",
1
},
{
"pgbench_history",
"tid int,bid int,aid int,delta int,mtime timestamp,filler char(22)",
0
}
};
static char *DDLAFTERs[] = {
"alter table pgbench_branches add primary key (bid)",
"alter table pgbench_tellers add primary key (tid)",
"alter table pgbench_accounts add primary key (aid)"
};
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
char sql[256];
int i;
if ((con = doConnect()) == NULL)
exit(1);
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLs); i++)
{
char opts[256];
char buffer[256];
struct ddlinfo *ddl = &DDLs[i];
/* Remove old table, if it exists. */
snprintf(buffer, 256, "drop table if exists %s", ddl->table);
executeStatement(con, buffer);
/* Construct new create table statement. */
opts[0] = '\0';
if (ddl->declare_fillfactor)
snprintf(opts+strlen(opts), 256-strlen(opts),
" with (fillfactor=%d)", fillfactor);
if (tablespace != NULL)
{
char *escape_tablespace;
escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, tablespace,
strlen(tablespace));
snprintf(opts+strlen(opts), 256-strlen(opts),
" tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
}
snprintf(buffer, 256, "create%s table %s(%s)%s",
unlogged_tables ? " unlogged" : "",
ddl->table, ddl->cols, opts);
executeStatement(con, buffer);
}
executeStatement(con, "begin");
for (i = 0; i < nbranches * scale; i++)
{
snprintf(sql, 256, "insert into pgbench_branches(bid,bbalance) values(%d,0)", i + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
for (i = 0; i < ntellers * scale; i++)
{
snprintf(sql, 256, "insert into pgbench_tellers(tid,bid,tbalance) values (%d,%d,0)",
i + 1, i / ntellers + 1);
executeStatement(con, sql);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/*
* fill the pgbench_accounts table with some data
*/
fprintf(stderr, "creating tables...\n");
executeStatement(con, "begin");
executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_accounts");
res = PQexec(con, "copy pgbench_accounts from stdin");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COPY_IN)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
for (i = 0; i < naccounts * scale; i++)
{
int j = i + 1;
snprintf(sql, 256, "%d\t%d\t%d\t\n", j, i / naccounts + 1, 0);
if (PQputline(con, sql))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (j % 10000 == 0)
fprintf(stderr, "%d tuples done.\n", j);
}
if (PQputline(con, "\\.\n"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "very last PQputline failed\n");
exit(1);
}
if (PQendcopy(con))
{
fprintf(stderr, "PQendcopy failed\n");
exit(1);
}
executeStatement(con, "commit");
/*
* create indexes
*/
fprintf(stderr, "set primary key...\n");
for (i = 0; i < lengthof(DDLAFTERs); i++)
{
char buffer[256];
strncpy(buffer, DDLAFTERs[i], 256);
if (index_tablespace != NULL)
{
char *escape_tablespace;
escape_tablespace = PQescapeIdentifier(con, index_tablespace,
strlen(index_tablespace));
snprintf(buffer+strlen(buffer), 256-strlen(buffer),
" using index tablespace %s", escape_tablespace);
PQfreemem(escape_tablespace);
}
executeStatement(con, buffer);
}
/* vacuum */
fprintf(stderr, "vacuum...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_branches");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_tellers");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_history");
fprintf(stderr, "done.\n");
PQfinish(con);
}
/*
* Parse the raw sql and replace :param to $n.
*/
static bool
parseQuery(Command *cmd, const char *raw_sql)
{
char *sql,
*p;
sql = xstrdup(raw_sql);
cmd->argc = 1;
p = sql;
while ((p = strchr(p, ':')) != NULL)
{
char var[12];
char *name;
int eaten;
name = parseVariable(p, &eaten);
if (name == NULL)
{
while (*p == ':')
{
p++;
}
continue;
}
if (cmd->argc >= MAX_ARGS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "statement has too many arguments (maximum is %d): %s\n", MAX_ARGS - 1, raw_sql);
return false;
}
sprintf(var, "$%d", cmd->argc);
p = replaceVariable(&sql, p, eaten, var);
cmd->argv[cmd->argc] = name;
cmd->argc++;
}
cmd->argv[0] = sql;
return true;
}
/* Parse a command; return a Command struct, or NULL if it's a comment */
static Command *
process_commands(char *buf)
{
const char delim[] = " \f\n\r\t\v";
Command *my_commands;
int j;
char *p,
*tok;
/* Make the string buf end at the next newline */
if ((p = strchr(buf, '\n')) != NULL)
*p = '\0';
/* Skip leading whitespace */
p = buf;
while (isspace((unsigned char) *p))
p++;
/* If the line is empty or actually a comment, we're done */
if (*p == '\0' || strncmp(p, "--", 2) == 0)
return NULL;
/* Allocate and initialize Command structure */
my_commands = (Command *) xmalloc(sizeof(Command));
my_commands->line = xstrdup(buf);
my_commands->command_num = num_commands++;
my_commands->type = 0; /* until set */
my_commands->argc = 0;
if (*p == '\\')
{
my_commands->type = META_COMMAND;
j = 0;
tok = strtok(++p, delim);
while (tok != NULL)
{
my_commands->argv[j++] = xstrdup(tok);
my_commands->argc++;
tok = strtok(NULL, delim);
}
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setrandom") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 4)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
for (j = 4; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "set") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
for (j = my_commands->argc < 5 ? 3 : 5; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "sleep") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 2)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
/*
* Split argument into number and unit to allow "sleep 1ms" etc.
* We don't have to terminate the number argument with null
* because it will be parsed with atoi, which ignores trailing
* non-digit characters.
*/
if (my_commands->argv[1][0] != ':')
{
char *c = my_commands->argv[1];
while (isdigit((unsigned char) *c))
c++;
if (*c)
{
my_commands->argv[2] = c;
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
my_commands->argc = 3;
}
}
if (my_commands->argc >= 3)
{
if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "us") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "ms") != 0 &&
pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[2], "s"))
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: unknown time unit '%s' - must be us, ms or s\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[2]);
exit(1);
}
}
for (j = 3; j < my_commands->argc; j++)
fprintf(stderr, "%s: extra argument \"%s\" ignored\n",
my_commands->argv[0], my_commands->argv[j]);
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "setshell") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 3)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing argument\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else if (pg_strcasecmp(my_commands->argv[0], "shell") == 0)
{
if (my_commands->argc < 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: missing command\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid command %s\n", my_commands->argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
my_commands->type = SQL_COMMAND;
switch (querymode)
{
case QUERY_SIMPLE:
my_commands->argv[0] = xstrdup(p);
my_commands->argc++;
break;
case QUERY_EXTENDED:
case QUERY_PREPARED:
if (!parseQuery(my_commands, p))
exit(1);
break;
default:
exit(1);
}
}
return my_commands;
}
static int
process_file(char *filename)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
FILE *fd;
int lineno;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
int alloc_num;
if (num_files >= MAX_FILES)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Up to only %d SQL files are allowed\n", MAX_FILES);
exit(1);
}
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) xmalloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
if (strcmp(filename, "-") == 0)
fd = stdin;
else if ((fd = fopen(filename, "r")) == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", filename, strerror(errno));
return false;
}
lineno = 0;
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fd) != NULL)
{
Command *command;
command = process_commands(buf);
if (command == NULL)
continue;
my_commands[lineno] = command;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = xrealloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
}
}
fclose(fd);
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
sql_files[num_files++] = my_commands;
return true;
}
static Command **
process_builtin(char *tb)
{
#define COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM 128
Command **my_commands;
int lineno;
char buf[BUFSIZ];
int alloc_num;
alloc_num = COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = (Command **) xmalloc(sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
lineno = 0;
for (;;)
{
char *p;
Command *command;
p = buf;
while (*tb && *tb != '\n')
*p++ = *tb++;
if (*tb == '\0')
break;
if (*tb == '\n')
tb++;
*p = '\0';
command = process_commands(buf);
if (command == NULL)
continue;
my_commands[lineno] = command;
lineno++;
if (lineno >= alloc_num)
{
alloc_num += COMMANDS_ALLOC_NUM;
my_commands = xrealloc(my_commands, sizeof(Command *) * alloc_num);
}
}
my_commands[lineno] = NULL;
return my_commands;
}
/* print out results */
static void
printResults(int ttype, int normal_xacts, int nclients,
TState *threads, int nthreads,
instr_time total_time, instr_time conn_total_time)
{
double time_include,
tps_include,
tps_exclude;
char *s;
time_include = INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(total_time);
tps_include = normal_xacts / time_include;
tps_exclude = normal_xacts / (time_include -
(INSTR_TIME_GET_DOUBLE(conn_total_time) / nthreads));
if (ttype == 0)
s = "TPC-B (sort of)";
else if (ttype == 2)
s = "Update only pgbench_accounts";
else if (ttype == 1)
s = "SELECT only";
else
s = "Custom query";
printf("transaction type: %s\n", s);
printf("scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
printf("query mode: %s\n", QUERYMODE[querymode]);
printf("number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
printf("number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
if (duration <= 0)
{
printf("number of transactions per client: %d\n", nxacts);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: %d/%d\n",
normal_xacts, nxacts * nclients);
}
else
{
printf("duration: %d s\n", duration);
printf("number of transactions actually processed: %d\n",
normal_xacts);
}
printf("tps = %f (including connections establishing)\n", tps_include);
printf("tps = %f (excluding connections establishing)\n", tps_exclude);
/* Report per-command latencies */
if (is_latencies)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < num_files; i++)
{
Command **commands;
if (num_files > 1)
printf("statement latencies in milliseconds, file %d:\n", i + 1);
else
printf("statement latencies in milliseconds:\n");
for (commands = sql_files[i]; *commands != NULL; commands++)
{
Command *command = *commands;
int cnum = command->command_num;
double total_time;
instr_time total_exec_elapsed;
int total_exec_count;
int t;
/* Accumulate per-thread data for command */
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(total_exec_elapsed);
total_exec_count = 0;
for (t = 0; t < nthreads; t++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[t];
INSTR_TIME_ADD(total_exec_elapsed,
thread->exec_elapsed[cnum]);
total_exec_count += thread->exec_count[cnum];
}
if (total_exec_count > 0)
total_time = INSTR_TIME_GET_MILLISEC(total_exec_elapsed) / (double) total_exec_count;
else
total_time = 0.0;
printf("\t%f\t%s\n", total_time, command->line);
}
}
}
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int c;
int nclients = 1; /* default number of simulated clients */
int nthreads = 1; /* default number of threads */
int is_init_mode = 0; /* initialize mode? */
int is_no_vacuum = 0; /* no vacuum at all before testing? */
int do_vacuum_accounts = 0; /* do vacuum accounts before testing? */
int ttype = 0; /* transaction type. 0: TPC-B, 1: SELECT only,
* 2: skip update of branches and tellers */
int optindex;
char *filename = NULL;
bool scale_given = false;
CState *state; /* status of clients */
TState *threads; /* array of thread */
instr_time start_time; /* start up time */
instr_time total_time;
instr_time conn_total_time;
int total_xacts;
int i;
static struct option long_options[] = {
{"index-tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 3},
{"tablespace", required_argument, NULL, 2},
{"unlogged-tables", no_argument, &unlogged_tables, 1},
{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
struct rlimit rlim;
#endif
PGconn *con;
PGresult *res;
char *env;
char val[64];
const char *progname;
progname = get_progname(argv[0]);
if (argc > 1)
{
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-?") == 0)
{
usage(progname);
exit(0);
}
if (strcmp(argv[1], "--version") == 0 || strcmp(argv[1], "-V") == 0)
{
puts("pgbench (PostgreSQL) " PG_VERSION);
exit(0);
}
}
#ifdef WIN32
/* stderr is buffered on Win32. */
setvbuf(stderr, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
#endif
if ((env = getenv("PGHOST")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pghost = env;
if ((env = getenv("PGPORT")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
pgport = env;
else if ((env = getenv("PGUSER")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
login = env;
state = (CState *) xmalloc(sizeof(CState));
memset(state, 0, sizeof(CState));
while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "ih:nvp:dSNc:j:Crs:t:T:U:lf:D:F:M:", long_options, &optindex)) != -1)
{
switch (c)
{
case 'i':
is_init_mode++;
break;
case 'h':
pghost = optarg;
break;
case 'n':
is_no_vacuum++;
break;
case 'v':
do_vacuum_accounts++;
break;
case 'p':
pgport = optarg;
break;
case 'd':
debug++;
break;
case 'S':
ttype = 1;
break;
case 'N':
ttype = 2;
break;
case 'c':
nclients = atoi(optarg);
if (nclients <= 0 || nclients > MAXCLIENTS)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of clients: %d\n", nclients);
exit(1);
}
#ifdef HAVE_GETRLIMIT
#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE /* most platforms use RLIMIT_NOFILE */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#else /* but BSD doesn't ... */
if (getrlimit(RLIMIT_OFILE, &rlim) == -1)
#endif /* RLIMIT_NOFILE */
{
fprintf(stderr, "getrlimit failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if (rlim.rlim_cur <= (nclients + 2))
{
fprintf(stderr, "You need at least %d open files but you are only allowed to use %ld.\n", nclients + 2, (long) rlim.rlim_cur);
fprintf(stderr, "Use limit/ulimit to increase the limit before using pgbench.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif /* HAVE_GETRLIMIT */
break;
case 'j': /* jobs */
nthreads = atoi(optarg);
if (nthreads <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of threads: %d\n", nthreads);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'C':
is_connect = true;
break;
case 'r':
is_latencies = true;
break;
case 's':
scale_given = true;
scale = atoi(optarg);
if (scale <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid scaling factor: %d\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 't':
if (duration > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
exit(1);
}
nxacts = atoi(optarg);
if (nxacts <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid number of transactions: %d\n", nxacts);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'T':
if (nxacts > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "specify either a number of transactions (-t) or a duration (-T), not both.\n");
exit(1);
}
duration = atoi(optarg);
if (duration <= 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid duration: %d\n", duration);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'U':
login = optarg;
break;
case 'l':
use_log = true;
break;
case 'f':
ttype = 3;
filename = optarg;
if (process_file(filename) == false || *sql_files[num_files - 1] == NULL)
exit(1);
break;
case 'D':
{
char *p;
if ((p = strchr(optarg, '=')) == NULL || p == optarg || *(p + 1) == '\0')
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid variable definition: %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
*p++ = '\0';
if (!putVariable(&state[0], "option", optarg, p))
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'F':
fillfactor = atoi(optarg);
if ((fillfactor < 10) || (fillfactor > 100))
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid fillfactor: %d\n", fillfactor);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 'M':
if (num_files > 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "query mode (-M) should be specifiled before transaction scripts (-f)\n");
exit(1);
}
for (querymode = 0; querymode < NUM_QUERYMODE; querymode++)
if (strcmp(optarg, QUERYMODE[querymode]) == 0)
break;
if (querymode >= NUM_QUERYMODE)
{
fprintf(stderr, "invalid query mode (-M): %s\n", optarg);
exit(1);
}
break;
case 0:
/* This covers long options which take no argument. */
break;
case 2: /* tablespace */
tablespace = optarg;
break;
case 3: /* index-tablespace */
index_tablespace = optarg;
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more information.\n"), progname);
exit(1);
break;
}
}
if (argc > optind)
dbName = argv[optind];
else
{
if ((env = getenv("PGDATABASE")) != NULL && *env != '\0')
dbName = env;
else if (login != NULL && *login != '\0')
dbName = login;
else
dbName = "";
}
if (is_init_mode)
{
init();
exit(0);
}
/* Use DEFAULT_NXACTS if neither nxacts nor duration is specified. */
if (nxacts <= 0 && duration <= 0)
nxacts = DEFAULT_NXACTS;
if (nclients % nthreads != 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "number of clients (%d) must be a multiple of number of threads (%d)\n", nclients, nthreads);
exit(1);
}
/*
* is_latencies only works with multiple threads in thread-based
* implementations, not fork-based ones, because it supposes that the
* parent can see changes made to the per-thread execution stats by child
* threads. It seems useful enough to accept despite this limitation, but
* perhaps we should FIXME someday (by passing the stats data back up
* through the parent-to-child pipes).
*/
#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
if (is_latencies && nthreads > 1)
{
fprintf(stderr, "-r does not work with -j larger than 1 on this platform.\n");
exit(1);
}
#endif
/*
* save main process id in the global variable because process id will be
* changed after fork.
*/
main_pid = (int) getpid();
if (nclients > 1)
{
state = (CState *) xrealloc(state, sizeof(CState) * nclients);
memset(state + 1, 0, sizeof(CState) * (nclients - 1));
/* copy any -D switch values to all clients */
for (i = 1; i < nclients; i++)
{
int j;
state[i].id = i;
for (j = 0; j < state[0].nvariables; j++)
{
if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", state[0].variables[j].name, state[0].variables[j].value))
exit(1);
}
}
}
if (debug)
{
if (duration <= 0)
printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d nxacts: %d dbName: %s\n",
pghost, pgport, nclients, nxacts, dbName);
else
printf("pghost: %s pgport: %s nclients: %d duration: %d dbName: %s\n",
pghost, pgport, nclients, duration, dbName);
}
/* opening connection... */
con = doConnect();
if (con == NULL)
exit(1);
if (PQstatus(con) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
if (ttype != 3)
{
/*
* get the scaling factor that should be same as count(*) from
* pgbench_branches if this is not a custom query
*/
res = PQexec(con, "select count(*) from pgbench_branches");
if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(con));
exit(1);
}
scale = atoi(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
if (scale < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "count(*) from pgbench_branches invalid (%d)\n", scale);
exit(1);
}
PQclear(res);
/* warn if we override user-given -s switch */
if (scale_given)
fprintf(stderr,
"Scale option ignored, using pgbench_branches table count = %d\n",
scale);
}
/*
* :scale variables normally get -s or database scale, but don't override
* an explicit -D switch
*/
if (getVariable(&state[0], "scale") == NULL)
{
snprintf(val, sizeof(val), "%d", scale);
for (i = 0; i < nclients; i++)
{
if (!putVariable(&state[i], "startup", "scale", val))
exit(1);
}
}
if (!is_no_vacuum)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_branches");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum pgbench_tellers");
executeStatement(con, "truncate pgbench_history");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
if (do_vacuum_accounts)
{
fprintf(stderr, "starting vacuum pgbench_accounts...");
executeStatement(con, "vacuum analyze pgbench_accounts");
fprintf(stderr, "end.\n");
}
}
PQfinish(con);
/* set random seed */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
srandom((unsigned int) INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(start_time));
/* process builtin SQL scripts */
switch (ttype)
{
case 0:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(tpc_b);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 1:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(select_only);
num_files = 1;
break;
case 2:
sql_files[0] = process_builtin(simple_update);
num_files = 1;
break;
default:
break;
}
/* set up thread data structures */
threads = (TState *) xmalloc(sizeof(TState) * nthreads);
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[i];
thread->tid = i;
thread->state = &state[nclients / nthreads * i];
thread->nstate = nclients / nthreads;
thread->random_state[0] = random();
thread->random_state[1] = random();
thread->random_state[2] = random();
if (is_latencies)
{
/* Reserve memory for the thread to store per-command latencies */
int t;
thread->exec_elapsed = (instr_time *)
xmalloc(sizeof(instr_time) * num_commands);
thread->exec_count = (int *)
xmalloc(sizeof(int) * num_commands);
for (t = 0; t < num_commands; t++)
{
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(thread->exec_elapsed[t]);
thread->exec_count[t] = 0;
}
}
else
{
thread->exec_elapsed = NULL;
thread->exec_count = NULL;
}
}
/* get start up time */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start_time);
/* set alarm if duration is specified. */
if (duration > 0)
setalarm(duration);
/* start threads */
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
TState *thread = &threads[i];
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(thread->start_time);
/* the first thread (i = 0) is executed by main thread */
if (i > 0)
{
int err = pthread_create(&thread->thread, NULL, threadRun, thread);
if (err != 0 || thread->thread == INVALID_THREAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "cannot create thread: %s\n", strerror(err));
exit(1);
}
}
else
{
thread->thread = INVALID_THREAD;
}
}
/* wait for threads and accumulate results */
total_xacts = 0;
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(conn_total_time);
for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++)
{
void *ret = NULL;
if (threads[i].thread == INVALID_THREAD)
ret = threadRun(&threads[i]);
else
pthread_join(threads[i].thread, &ret);
if (ret != NULL)
{
TResult *r = (TResult *) ret;
total_xacts += r->xacts;
INSTR_TIME_ADD(conn_total_time, r->conn_time);
free(ret);
}
}
disconnect_all(state, nclients);
/* get end time */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(total_time);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(total_time, start_time);
printResults(ttype, total_xacts, nclients, threads, nthreads,
total_time, conn_total_time);
return 0;
}
static void *
threadRun(void *arg)
{
TState *thread = (TState *) arg;
CState *state = thread->state;
TResult *result;
FILE *logfile = NULL; /* per-thread log file */
instr_time start,
end;
int nstate = thread->nstate;
int remains = nstate; /* number of remaining clients */
int i;
result = xmalloc(sizeof(TResult));
INSTR_TIME_SET_ZERO(result->conn_time);
/* open log file if requested */
if (use_log)
{
char logpath[64];
if (thread->tid == 0)
snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d", main_pid);
else
snprintf(logpath, sizeof(logpath), "pgbench_log.%d.%d", main_pid, thread->tid);
logfile = fopen(logpath, "w");
if (logfile == NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Couldn't open logfile \"%s\": %s", logpath, strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
}
if (!is_connect)
{
/* make connections to the database */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
if ((state[i].con = doConnect()) == NULL)
goto done;
}
}
/* time after thread and connections set up */
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(result->conn_time);
INSTR_TIME_SUBTRACT(result->conn_time, thread->start_time);
/* send start up queries in async manner */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
st->use_file = getrand(thread, 0, num_files - 1);
if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile))
remains--; /* I've aborted */
if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
}
while (remains > 0)
{
fd_set input_mask;
int maxsock; /* max socket number to be waited */
int64 now_usec = 0;
int64 min_usec;
FD_ZERO(&input_mask);
maxsock = -1;
min_usec = INT64_MAX;
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int sock;
if (st->sleeping)
{
int this_usec;
if (min_usec == INT64_MAX)
{
instr_time now;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(now);
now_usec = INSTR_TIME_GET_MICROSEC(now);
}
this_usec = st->until - now_usec;
if (min_usec > this_usec)
min_usec = this_usec;
}
else if (st->con == NULL)
{
continue;
}
else if (commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
min_usec = 0; /* the connection is ready to run */
break;
}
sock = PQsocket(st->con);
if (sock < 0)
{
fprintf(stderr, "bad socket: %s\n", strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
FD_SET(sock, &input_mask);
if (maxsock < sock)
maxsock = sock;
}
if (min_usec > 0 && maxsock != -1)
{
int nsocks; /* return from select(2) */
if (min_usec != INT64_MAX)
{
struct timeval timeout;
timeout.tv_sec = min_usec / 1000000;
timeout.tv_usec = min_usec % 1000000;
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, &timeout);
}
else
nsocks = select(maxsock + 1, &input_mask, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if (nsocks < 0)
{
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
/* must be something wrong */
fprintf(stderr, "select failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
goto done;
}
}
/* ok, backend returns reply */
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
{
CState *st = &state[i];
Command **commands = sql_files[st->use_file];
int prev_ecnt = st->ecnt;
if (st->con && (FD_ISSET(PQsocket(st->con), &input_mask)
|| commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND))
{
if (!doCustom(thread, st, &result->conn_time, logfile))
remains--; /* I've aborted */
}
if (st->ecnt > prev_ecnt && commands[st->state]->type == META_COMMAND)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Client %d aborted in state %d. Execution of meta-command failed.\n", i, st->state);
remains--; /* I've aborted */
PQfinish(st->con);
st->con = NULL;
}
}
}
done:
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(start);
disconnect_all(state, nstate);
result->xacts = 0;
for (i = 0; i < nstate; i++)
result->xacts += state[i].cnt;
INSTR_TIME_SET_CURRENT(end);
INSTR_TIME_ACCUM_DIFF(result->conn_time, end, start);
if (logfile)
fclose(logfile);
return result;
}
/*
* Support for duration option: set timer_exceeded after so many seconds.
*/
#ifndef WIN32
static void
handle_sig_alarm(SIGNAL_ARGS)
{
timer_exceeded = true;
}
static void
setalarm(int seconds)
{
pqsignal(SIGALRM, handle_sig_alarm);
alarm(seconds);
}
#ifndef ENABLE_THREAD_SAFETY
/*
* implements pthread using fork.
*/
typedef struct fork_pthread
{
pid_t pid;
int pipes[2];
} fork_pthread;
static int
pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
pthread_attr_t * attr,
void *(*start_routine) (void *),
void *arg)
{
fork_pthread *th;
void *ret;
instr_time start_time;
th = (fork_pthread *) xmalloc(sizeof(fork_pthread));
if (pipe(th->pipes) < 0)
{
free(th);
return errno;
}
th->pid = fork();
if (th->pid == -1) /* error */
{
free(th);
return errno;
}
if (th->pid != 0) /* in parent process */
{
close(th->pipes[1]);
*thread = th;
return 0;
}
/* in child process */
close(th->pipes[0]);
/* set alarm again because the child does not inherit timers */
if (duration > 0)
setalarm(duration);
ret = start_routine(arg);
write(th->pipes[1], ret, sizeof(TResult));
close(th->pipes[1]);
free(th);
exit(0);
}
static int
pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
{
int status;
while (waitpid(th->pid, &status, 0) != th->pid)
{
if (errno != EINTR)
return errno;
}
if (thread_return != NULL)
{
/* assume result is TResult */
*thread_return = xmalloc(sizeof(TResult));
if (read(th->pipes[0], *thread_return, sizeof(TResult)) != sizeof(TResult))
{
free(*thread_return);
*thread_return = NULL;
}
}
close(th->pipes[0]);
free(th);
return 0;
}
#endif
#else /* WIN32 */
static VOID CALLBACK
win32_timer_callback(PVOID lpParameter, BOOLEAN TimerOrWaitFired)
{
timer_exceeded = true;
}
static void
setalarm(int seconds)
{
HANDLE queue;
HANDLE timer;
/* This function will be called at most once, so we can cheat a bit. */
queue = CreateTimerQueue();
if (seconds > ((DWORD) -1) / 1000 ||
!CreateTimerQueueTimer(&timer, queue,
win32_timer_callback, NULL, seconds * 1000, 0,
WT_EXECUTEINTIMERTHREAD | WT_EXECUTEONLYONCE))
{
fprintf(stderr, "Failed to set timer\n");
exit(1);
}
}
/* partial pthread implementation for Windows */
typedef struct win32_pthread
{
HANDLE handle;
void *(*routine) (void *);
void *arg;
void *result;
} win32_pthread;
static unsigned __stdcall
win32_pthread_run(void *arg)
{
win32_pthread *th = (win32_pthread *) arg;
th->result = th->routine(th->arg);
return 0;
}
static int
pthread_create(pthread_t *thread,
pthread_attr_t * attr,
void *(*start_routine) (void *),
void *arg)
{
int save_errno;
win32_pthread *th;
th = (win32_pthread *) xmalloc(sizeof(win32_pthread));
th->routine = start_routine;
th->arg = arg;
th->result = NULL;
th->handle = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, win32_pthread_run, th, 0, NULL);
if (th->handle == NULL)
{
save_errno = errno;
free(th);
return save_errno;
}
*thread = th;
return 0;
}
static int
pthread_join(pthread_t th, void **thread_return)
{
if (th == NULL || th->handle == NULL)
return errno = EINVAL;
if (WaitForSingleObject(th->handle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
{
_dosmaperr(GetLastError());
return errno;
}
if (thread_return)
*thread_return = th->result;
CloseHandle(th->handle);
free(th);
return 0;
}
#endif /* WIN32 */
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