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Previously tables declared WITH OIDS, including a significant fraction of the catalog tables, stored the oid column not as a normal column, but as part of the tuple header. This special column was not shown by default, which was somewhat odd, as it's often (consider e.g. pg_class.oid) one of the more important parts of a row. Neither pg_dump nor COPY included the contents of the oid column by default. The fact that the oid column was not an ordinary column necessitated a significant amount of special case code to support oid columns. That already was painful for the existing, but upcoming work aiming to make table storage pluggable, would have required expanding and duplicating that "specialness" significantly. WITH OIDS has been deprecated since 2005 (commit ff02d0a05280e0). Remove it. Removing includes: - CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE syntax for declaring the table to be WITH OIDS has been removed (WITH (oids[ = true]) will error out) - pg_dump does not support dumping tables declared WITH OIDS and will issue a warning when dumping one (and ignore the oid column). - restoring an pg_dump archive with pg_restore will warn when restoring a table with oid contents (and ignore the oid column) - COPY will refuse to load binary dump that includes oids. - pg_upgrade will error out when encountering tables declared WITH OIDS, they have to be altered to remove the oid column first. - Functionality to access the oid of the last inserted row (like plpgsql's RESULT_OID, spi's SPI_lastoid, ...) has been removed. The syntax for declaring a table WITHOUT OIDS (or WITH (oids = false) for CREATE TABLE) is still supported. While that requires a bit of support code, it seems unnecessary to break applications / dumps that do not use oids, and are explicit about not using them. The biggest user of WITH OID columns was postgres' catalog. This commit changes all 'magic' oid columns to be columns that are normally declared and stored. To reduce unnecessary query breakage all the newly added columns are still named 'oid', even if a table's column naming scheme would indicate 'reloid' or such. This obviously requires adapting a lot code, mostly replacing oid access via HeapTupleGetOid() with access to the underlying Form_pg_*->oid column. The bootstrap process now assigns oids for all oid columns in genbki.pl that do not have an explicit value (starting at the largest oid previously used), only oids assigned later by oids will be above FirstBootstrapObjectId. As the oid column now is a normal column the special bootstrap syntax for oids has been removed. Oids are not automatically assigned during insertion anymore, all backend code explicitly assigns oids with GetNewOidWithIndex(). For the rare case that insertions into the catalog via SQL are called for the new pg_nextoid() function can be used (which only works on catalog tables). The fact that oid columns on system tables are now normal columns means that they will be included in the set of columns expanded by * (i.e. SELECT * FROM pg_class will now include the table's oid, previously it did not). It'd not technically be hard to hide oid column by default, but that'd mean confusing behavior would either have to be carried forward forever, or it'd cause breakage down the line. While it's not unlikely that further adjustments are needed, the scope/invasiveness of the patch makes it worthwhile to get merge this now. It's painful to maintain externally, too complicated to commit after the code code freeze, and a dependency of a number of other patches. Catversion bump, for obvious reasons. Author: Andres Freund, with contributions by John Naylor Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20180930034810.ywp2c7awz7opzcfr@alap3.anarazel.de
593 lines
17 KiB
C
593 lines
17 KiB
C
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*
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* view.c
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* use rewrite rules to construct views
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*
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* Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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* Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
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*
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*
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* IDENTIFICATION
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* src/backend/commands/view.c
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*
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*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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#include "postgres.h"
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#include "access/heapam.h"
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#include "access/xact.h"
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#include "catalog/namespace.h"
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#include "commands/defrem.h"
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#include "commands/tablecmds.h"
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#include "commands/view.h"
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#include "miscadmin.h"
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#include "nodes/makefuncs.h"
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#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
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#include "parser/analyze.h"
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#include "parser/parse_relation.h"
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#include "rewrite/rewriteDefine.h"
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#include "rewrite/rewriteManip.h"
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#include "rewrite/rewriteHandler.h"
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#include "rewrite/rewriteSupport.h"
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#include "utils/acl.h"
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#include "utils/builtins.h"
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#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
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#include "utils/rel.h"
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#include "utils/syscache.h"
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static void checkViewTupleDesc(TupleDesc newdesc, TupleDesc olddesc);
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------
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* Validator for "check_option" reloption on views. The allowed values
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* are "local" and "cascaded".
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*/
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void
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validateWithCheckOption(const char *value)
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{
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if (value == NULL ||
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(strcmp(value, "local") != 0 &&
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strcmp(value, "cascaded") != 0))
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{
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_PARAMETER_VALUE),
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errmsg("invalid value for \"check_option\" option"),
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errdetail("Valid values are \"local\" and \"cascaded\".")));
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}
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}
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------------
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* DefineVirtualRelation
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*
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* Create a view relation and use the rules system to store the query
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* for the view.
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*
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* EventTriggerAlterTableStart must have been called already.
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*---------------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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static ObjectAddress
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DefineVirtualRelation(RangeVar *relation, List *tlist, bool replace,
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List *options, Query *viewParse)
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{
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Oid viewOid;
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LOCKMODE lockmode;
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CreateStmt *createStmt = makeNode(CreateStmt);
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List *attrList;
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ListCell *t;
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/*
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* create a list of ColumnDef nodes based on the names and types of the
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* (non-junk) targetlist items from the view's SELECT list.
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*/
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attrList = NIL;
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foreach(t, tlist)
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{
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TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(t);
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if (!tle->resjunk)
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{
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ColumnDef *def = makeColumnDef(tle->resname,
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exprType((Node *) tle->expr),
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exprTypmod((Node *) tle->expr),
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exprCollation((Node *) tle->expr));
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/*
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* It's possible that the column is of a collatable type but the
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* collation could not be resolved, so double-check.
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*/
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if (type_is_collatable(exprType((Node *) tle->expr)))
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{
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if (!OidIsValid(def->collOid))
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INDETERMINATE_COLLATION),
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errmsg("could not determine which collation to use for view column \"%s\"",
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def->colname),
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errhint("Use the COLLATE clause to set the collation explicitly.")));
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}
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else
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Assert(!OidIsValid(def->collOid));
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attrList = lappend(attrList, def);
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}
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}
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if (attrList == NIL)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
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errmsg("view must have at least one column")));
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/*
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* Look up, check permissions on, and lock the creation namespace; also
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* check for a preexisting view with the same name. This will also set
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* relation->relpersistence to RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP if the selected
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* namespace is temporary.
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*/
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lockmode = replace ? AccessExclusiveLock : NoLock;
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(void) RangeVarGetAndCheckCreationNamespace(relation, lockmode, &viewOid);
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if (OidIsValid(viewOid) && replace)
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{
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Relation rel;
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TupleDesc descriptor;
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List *atcmds = NIL;
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AlterTableCmd *atcmd;
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ObjectAddress address;
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/* Relation is already locked, but we must build a relcache entry. */
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rel = relation_open(viewOid, NoLock);
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/* Make sure it *is* a view. */
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if (rel->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_VIEW)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
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errmsg("\"%s\" is not a view",
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RelationGetRelationName(rel))));
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/* Also check it's not in use already */
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CheckTableNotInUse(rel, "CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW");
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/*
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* Due to the namespace visibility rules for temporary objects, we
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* should only end up replacing a temporary view with another
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* temporary view, and similarly for permanent views.
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*/
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Assert(relation->relpersistence == rel->rd_rel->relpersistence);
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/*
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* Create a tuple descriptor to compare against the existing view, and
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* verify that the old column list is an initial prefix of the new
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* column list.
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*/
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descriptor = BuildDescForRelation(attrList);
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checkViewTupleDesc(descriptor, rel->rd_att);
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/*
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* If new attributes have been added, we must add pg_attribute entries
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* for them. It is convenient (although overkill) to use the ALTER
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* TABLE ADD COLUMN infrastructure for this.
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*
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* Note that we must do this before updating the query for the view,
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* since the rules system requires that the correct view columns be in
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* place when defining the new rules.
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*/
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if (list_length(attrList) > rel->rd_att->natts)
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{
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ListCell *c;
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int skip = rel->rd_att->natts;
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foreach(c, attrList)
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{
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if (skip > 0)
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{
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skip--;
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continue;
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}
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atcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
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atcmd->subtype = AT_AddColumnToView;
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atcmd->def = (Node *) lfirst(c);
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atcmds = lappend(atcmds, atcmd);
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}
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/* EventTriggerAlterTableStart called by ProcessUtilitySlow */
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AlterTableInternal(viewOid, atcmds, true);
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/* Make the new view columns visible */
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CommandCounterIncrement();
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}
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/*
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* Update the query for the view.
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*
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* Note that we must do this before updating the view options, because
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* the new options may not be compatible with the old view query (for
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* example if we attempt to add the WITH CHECK OPTION, we require that
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* the new view be automatically updatable, but the old view may not
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* have been).
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*/
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StoreViewQuery(viewOid, viewParse, replace);
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/* Make the new view query visible */
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CommandCounterIncrement();
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/*
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* Finally update the view options.
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*
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* The new options list replaces the existing options list, even if
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* it's empty.
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*/
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atcmd = makeNode(AlterTableCmd);
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atcmd->subtype = AT_ReplaceRelOptions;
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atcmd->def = (Node *) options;
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atcmds = list_make1(atcmd);
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/* EventTriggerAlterTableStart called by ProcessUtilitySlow */
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AlterTableInternal(viewOid, atcmds, true);
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ObjectAddressSet(address, RelationRelationId, viewOid);
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/*
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* Seems okay, so return the OID of the pre-existing view.
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*/
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relation_close(rel, NoLock); /* keep the lock! */
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return address;
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}
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else
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{
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ObjectAddress address;
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/*
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* Set the parameters for keys/inheritance etc. All of these are
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* uninteresting for views...
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*/
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createStmt->relation = relation;
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createStmt->tableElts = attrList;
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createStmt->inhRelations = NIL;
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createStmt->constraints = NIL;
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createStmt->options = options;
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createStmt->oncommit = ONCOMMIT_NOOP;
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createStmt->tablespacename = NULL;
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createStmt->if_not_exists = false;
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/*
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* Create the relation (this will error out if there's an existing
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* view, so we don't need more code to complain if "replace" is
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* false).
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*/
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address = DefineRelation(createStmt, RELKIND_VIEW, InvalidOid, NULL,
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NULL);
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Assert(address.objectId != InvalidOid);
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/* Make the new view relation visible */
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CommandCounterIncrement();
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/* Store the query for the view */
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StoreViewQuery(address.objectId, viewParse, replace);
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return address;
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}
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}
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/*
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* Verify that tupledesc associated with proposed new view definition
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* matches tupledesc of old view. This is basically a cut-down version
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* of equalTupleDescs(), with code added to generate specific complaints.
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* Also, we allow the new tupledesc to have more columns than the old.
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*/
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static void
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checkViewTupleDesc(TupleDesc newdesc, TupleDesc olddesc)
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{
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int i;
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if (newdesc->natts < olddesc->natts)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
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errmsg("cannot drop columns from view")));
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for (i = 0; i < olddesc->natts; i++)
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{
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Form_pg_attribute newattr = TupleDescAttr(newdesc, i);
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Form_pg_attribute oldattr = TupleDescAttr(olddesc, i);
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/* XXX msg not right, but we don't support DROP COL on view anyway */
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if (newattr->attisdropped != oldattr->attisdropped)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
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errmsg("cannot drop columns from view")));
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if (strcmp(NameStr(newattr->attname), NameStr(oldattr->attname)) != 0)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
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errmsg("cannot change name of view column \"%s\" to \"%s\"",
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NameStr(oldattr->attname),
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NameStr(newattr->attname))));
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/* XXX would it be safe to allow atttypmod to change? Not sure */
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if (newattr->atttypid != oldattr->atttypid ||
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newattr->atttypmod != oldattr->atttypmod)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_TABLE_DEFINITION),
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errmsg("cannot change data type of view column \"%s\" from %s to %s",
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NameStr(oldattr->attname),
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format_type_with_typemod(oldattr->atttypid,
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oldattr->atttypmod),
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format_type_with_typemod(newattr->atttypid,
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newattr->atttypmod))));
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/* We can ignore the remaining attributes of an attribute... */
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}
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/*
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* We ignore the constraint fields. The new view desc can't have any
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* constraints, and the only ones that could be on the old view are
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* defaults, which we are happy to leave in place.
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*/
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}
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static void
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DefineViewRules(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse, bool replace)
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{
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/*
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* Set up the ON SELECT rule. Since the query has already been through
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* parse analysis, we use DefineQueryRewrite() directly.
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*/
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DefineQueryRewrite(pstrdup(ViewSelectRuleName),
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viewOid,
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NULL,
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CMD_SELECT,
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true,
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replace,
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list_make1(viewParse));
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/*
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* Someday: automatic ON INSERT, etc
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*/
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}
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/*---------------------------------------------------------------
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* UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse
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*
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* Update the range table of the given parsetree.
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* This update consists of adding two new entries IN THE BEGINNING
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* of the range table (otherwise the rule system will die a slow,
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* horrible and painful death, and we do not want that now, do we?)
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* one for the OLD relation and one for the NEW one (both of
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* them refer in fact to the "view" relation).
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*
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* Of course we must also increase the 'varnos' of all the Var nodes
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* by 2...
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*
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* These extra RT entries are not actually used in the query,
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* except for run-time locking and permission checking.
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*---------------------------------------------------------------
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*/
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static Query *
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UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse)
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{
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Relation viewRel;
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List *new_rt;
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RangeTblEntry *rt_entry1,
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*rt_entry2;
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ParseState *pstate;
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/*
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* Make a copy of the given parsetree. It's not so much that we don't
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* want to scribble on our input, it's that the parser has a bad habit of
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* outputting multiple links to the same subtree for constructs like
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* BETWEEN, and we mustn't have OffsetVarNodes increment the varno of a
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* Var node twice. copyObject will expand any multiply-referenced subtree
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* into multiple copies.
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*/
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viewParse = copyObject(viewParse);
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/* Create a dummy ParseState for addRangeTableEntryForRelation */
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pstate = make_parsestate(NULL);
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/* need to open the rel for addRangeTableEntryForRelation */
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viewRel = relation_open(viewOid, AccessShareLock);
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/*
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* Create the 2 new range table entries and form the new range table...
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* OLD first, then NEW....
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*/
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rt_entry1 = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, viewRel,
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AccessShareLock,
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makeAlias("old", NIL),
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false, false);
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rt_entry2 = addRangeTableEntryForRelation(pstate, viewRel,
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AccessShareLock,
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makeAlias("new", NIL),
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false, false);
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/* Must override addRangeTableEntry's default access-check flags */
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rt_entry1->requiredPerms = 0;
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rt_entry2->requiredPerms = 0;
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new_rt = lcons(rt_entry1, lcons(rt_entry2, viewParse->rtable));
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viewParse->rtable = new_rt;
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/*
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* Now offset all var nodes by 2, and jointree RT indexes too.
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*/
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OffsetVarNodes((Node *) viewParse, 2, 0);
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relation_close(viewRel, AccessShareLock);
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return viewParse;
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}
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/*
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* DefineView
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* Execute a CREATE VIEW command.
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*/
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ObjectAddress
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DefineView(ViewStmt *stmt, const char *queryString,
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int stmt_location, int stmt_len)
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{
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RawStmt *rawstmt;
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Query *viewParse;
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RangeVar *view;
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ListCell *cell;
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bool check_option;
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ObjectAddress address;
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/*
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* Run parse analysis to convert the raw parse tree to a Query. Note this
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* also acquires sufficient locks on the source table(s).
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*
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* Since parse analysis scribbles on its input, copy the raw parse tree;
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* this ensures we don't corrupt a prepared statement, for example.
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*/
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rawstmt = makeNode(RawStmt);
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rawstmt->stmt = (Node *) copyObject(stmt->query);
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rawstmt->stmt_location = stmt_location;
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rawstmt->stmt_len = stmt_len;
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viewParse = parse_analyze(rawstmt, queryString, NULL, 0, NULL);
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/*
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* The grammar should ensure that the result is a single SELECT Query.
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* However, it doesn't forbid SELECT INTO, so we have to check for that.
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*/
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if (!IsA(viewParse, Query))
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elog(ERROR, "unexpected parse analysis result");
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if (viewParse->utilityStmt != NULL &&
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IsA(viewParse->utilityStmt, CreateTableAsStmt))
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
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errmsg("views must not contain SELECT INTO")));
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if (viewParse->commandType != CMD_SELECT)
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elog(ERROR, "unexpected parse analysis result");
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/*
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* Check for unsupported cases. These tests are redundant with ones in
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* DefineQueryRewrite(), but that function will complain about a bogus ON
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* SELECT rule, and we'd rather the message complain about a view.
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*/
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if (viewParse->hasModifyingCTE)
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ereport(ERROR,
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(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
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errmsg("views must not contain data-modifying statements in WITH")));
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/*
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* If the user specified the WITH CHECK OPTION, add it to the list of
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* reloptions.
|
|
*/
|
|
if (stmt->withCheckOption == LOCAL_CHECK_OPTION)
|
|
stmt->options = lappend(stmt->options,
|
|
makeDefElem("check_option",
|
|
(Node *) makeString("local"), -1));
|
|
else if (stmt->withCheckOption == CASCADED_CHECK_OPTION)
|
|
stmt->options = lappend(stmt->options,
|
|
makeDefElem("check_option",
|
|
(Node *) makeString("cascaded"), -1));
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Check that the view is auto-updatable if WITH CHECK OPTION was
|
|
* specified.
|
|
*/
|
|
check_option = false;
|
|
|
|
foreach(cell, stmt->options)
|
|
{
|
|
DefElem *defel = (DefElem *) lfirst(cell);
|
|
|
|
if (strcmp(defel->defname, "check_option") == 0)
|
|
check_option = true;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* If the check option is specified, look to see if the view is actually
|
|
* auto-updatable or not.
|
|
*/
|
|
if (check_option)
|
|
{
|
|
const char *view_updatable_error =
|
|
view_query_is_auto_updatable(viewParse, true);
|
|
|
|
if (view_updatable_error)
|
|
ereport(ERROR,
|
|
(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
|
|
errmsg("WITH CHECK OPTION is supported only on automatically updatable views"),
|
|
errhint("%s", _(view_updatable_error))));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* If a list of column names was given, run through and insert these into
|
|
* the actual query tree. - thomas 2000-03-08
|
|
*/
|
|
if (stmt->aliases != NIL)
|
|
{
|
|
ListCell *alist_item = list_head(stmt->aliases);
|
|
ListCell *targetList;
|
|
|
|
foreach(targetList, viewParse->targetList)
|
|
{
|
|
TargetEntry *te = lfirst_node(TargetEntry, targetList);
|
|
|
|
/* junk columns don't get aliases */
|
|
if (te->resjunk)
|
|
continue;
|
|
te->resname = pstrdup(strVal(lfirst(alist_item)));
|
|
alist_item = lnext(alist_item);
|
|
if (alist_item == NULL)
|
|
break; /* done assigning aliases */
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (alist_item != NULL)
|
|
ereport(ERROR,
|
|
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
|
|
errmsg("CREATE VIEW specifies more column "
|
|
"names than columns")));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/* Unlogged views are not sensible. */
|
|
if (stmt->view->relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_UNLOGGED)
|
|
ereport(ERROR,
|
|
(errcode(ERRCODE_SYNTAX_ERROR),
|
|
errmsg("views cannot be unlogged because they do not have storage")));
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* If the user didn't explicitly ask for a temporary view, check whether
|
|
* we need one implicitly. We allow TEMP to be inserted automatically as
|
|
* long as the CREATE command is consistent with that --- no explicit
|
|
* schema name.
|
|
*/
|
|
view = copyObject(stmt->view); /* don't corrupt original command */
|
|
if (view->relpersistence == RELPERSISTENCE_PERMANENT
|
|
&& isQueryUsingTempRelation(viewParse))
|
|
{
|
|
view->relpersistence = RELPERSISTENCE_TEMP;
|
|
ereport(NOTICE,
|
|
(errmsg("view \"%s\" will be a temporary view",
|
|
view->relname)));
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Create the view relation
|
|
*
|
|
* NOTE: if it already exists and replace is false, the xact will be
|
|
* aborted.
|
|
*/
|
|
address = DefineVirtualRelation(view, viewParse->targetList,
|
|
stmt->replace, stmt->options, viewParse);
|
|
|
|
return address;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Use the rules system to store the query for the view.
|
|
*/
|
|
void
|
|
StoreViewQuery(Oid viewOid, Query *viewParse, bool replace)
|
|
{
|
|
/*
|
|
* The range table of 'viewParse' does not contain entries for the "OLD"
|
|
* and "NEW" relations. So... add them!
|
|
*/
|
|
viewParse = UpdateRangeTableOfViewParse(viewOid, viewParse);
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* Now create the rules associated with the view.
|
|
*/
|
|
DefineViewRules(viewOid, viewParse, replace);
|
|
}
|