543 lines
18 KiB
Perl
543 lines
18 KiB
Perl
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# Copyright (c) 2021-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
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use strict;
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use warnings;
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use PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster;
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use PostgreSQL::Test::Utils;
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use Test::More;
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# This regression test demonstrates that the pg_amcheck binary correctly
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# identifies specific kinds of corruption within pages. To test this, we need
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# a mechanism to create corrupt pages with predictable, repeatable corruption.
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# The postgres backend cannot be expected to help us with this, as its design
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# is not consistent with the goal of intentionally corrupting pages.
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#
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# Instead, we create a table to corrupt, and with careful consideration of how
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# postgresql lays out heap pages, we seek to offsets within the page and
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# overwrite deliberately chosen bytes with specific values calculated to
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# corrupt the page in expected ways. We then verify that pg_amcheck reports
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# the corruption, and that it runs without crashing. Note that the backend
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# cannot simply be started to run queries against the corrupt table, as the
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# backend will crash, at least for some of the corruption types we generate.
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#
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# Autovacuum potentially touching the table in the background makes the exact
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# behavior of this test harder to reason about. We turn it off to keep things
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# simpler. We use a "belt and suspenders" approach, turning it off for the
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# system generally in postgresql.conf, and turning it off specifically for the
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# test table.
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#
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# This test depends on the table being written to the heap file exactly as we
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# expect it to be, so we take care to arrange the columns of the table, and
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# insert rows of the table, that give predictable sizes and locations within
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# the table page.
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#
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# The HeapTupleHeaderData has 23 bytes of fixed size fields before the variable
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# length t_bits[] array. We have exactly 3 columns in the table, so natts = 3,
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# t_bits is 1 byte long, and t_hoff = MAXALIGN(23 + 1) = 24.
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#
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# We're not too fussy about which datatypes we use for the test, but we do care
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# about some specific properties. We'd like to test both fixed size and
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# varlena types. We'd like some varlena data inline and some toasted. And
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# we'd like the layout of the table such that the datums land at predictable
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# offsets within the tuple. We choose a structure without padding on all
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# supported architectures:
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#
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# a BIGINT
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# b TEXT
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# c TEXT
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#
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# We always insert a 7-ascii character string into field 'b', which with a
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# 1-byte varlena header gives an 8 byte inline value. We always insert a long
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# text string in field 'c', long enough to force toast storage.
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#
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# We choose to read and write binary copies of our table's tuples, using perl's
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# pack() and unpack() functions. Perl uses a packing code system in which:
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#
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# l = "signed 32-bit Long",
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# L = "Unsigned 32-bit Long",
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# S = "Unsigned 16-bit Short",
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# C = "Unsigned 8-bit Octet",
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#
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# Each tuple in our table has a layout as follows:
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#
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# xx xx xx xx t_xmin: xxxx offset = 0 L
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# xx xx xx xx t_xmax: xxxx offset = 4 L
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# xx xx xx xx t_field3: xxxx offset = 8 L
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# xx xx bi_hi: xx offset = 12 S
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# xx xx bi_lo: xx offset = 14 S
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# xx xx ip_posid: xx offset = 16 S
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# xx xx t_infomask2: xx offset = 18 S
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# xx xx t_infomask: xx offset = 20 S
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# xx t_hoff: x offset = 22 C
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# xx t_bits: x offset = 23 C
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# xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 'a': xxxxxxxx offset = 24 LL
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# xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 'b': xxxxxxxx offset = 32 CCCCCCCC
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# xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx 'c': xxxxxxxx offset = 40 CCllLL
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# xx xx xx xx xx xx xx xx : xxxxxxxx ...continued
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# xx xx : xx ...continued
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#
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# We could choose to read and write columns 'b' and 'c' in other ways, but
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# it is convenient enough to do it this way. We define packing code
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# constants here, where they can be compared easily against the layout.
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use constant HEAPTUPLE_PACK_CODE => 'LLLSSSSSCCLLCCCCCCCCCCllLL';
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use constant HEAPTUPLE_PACK_LENGTH => 58; # Total size
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# Read a tuple of our table from a heap page.
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#
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# Takes an open filehandle to the heap file, and the offset of the tuple.
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#
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# Rather than returning the binary data from the file, unpacks the data into a
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# perl hash with named fields. These fields exactly match the ones understood
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# by write_tuple(), below. Returns a reference to this hash.
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#
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sub read_tuple
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{
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my ($fh, $offset) = @_;
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my ($buffer, %tup);
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sysseek($fh, $offset, 0)
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or BAIL_OUT("sysseek failed: $!");
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defined(sysread($fh, $buffer, HEAPTUPLE_PACK_LENGTH))
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or BAIL_OUT("sysread failed: $!");
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@_ = unpack(HEAPTUPLE_PACK_CODE, $buffer);
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%tup = (
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t_xmin => shift,
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t_xmax => shift,
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t_field3 => shift,
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bi_hi => shift,
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bi_lo => shift,
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ip_posid => shift,
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t_infomask2 => shift,
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t_infomask => shift,
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t_hoff => shift,
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t_bits => shift,
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a_1 => shift,
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a_2 => shift,
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b_header => shift,
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b_body1 => shift,
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b_body2 => shift,
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b_body3 => shift,
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b_body4 => shift,
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b_body5 => shift,
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b_body6 => shift,
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b_body7 => shift,
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c_va_header => shift,
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c_va_vartag => shift,
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c_va_rawsize => shift,
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c_va_extinfo => shift,
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c_va_valueid => shift,
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c_va_toastrelid => shift);
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# Stitch together the text for column 'b'
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$tup{b} = join('', map { chr($tup{"b_body$_"}) } (1 .. 7));
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return \%tup;
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}
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# Write a tuple of our table to a heap page.
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#
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# Takes an open filehandle to the heap file, the offset of the tuple, and a
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# reference to a hash with the tuple values, as returned by read_tuple().
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# Writes the tuple fields from the hash into the heap file.
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#
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# The purpose of this function is to write a tuple back to disk with some
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# subset of fields modified. The function does no error checking. Use
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# cautiously.
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#
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sub write_tuple
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{
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my ($fh, $offset, $tup) = @_;
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my $buffer = pack(
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HEAPTUPLE_PACK_CODE,
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$tup->{t_xmin}, $tup->{t_xmax},
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$tup->{t_field3}, $tup->{bi_hi},
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$tup->{bi_lo}, $tup->{ip_posid},
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$tup->{t_infomask2}, $tup->{t_infomask},
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$tup->{t_hoff}, $tup->{t_bits},
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$tup->{a_1}, $tup->{a_2},
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$tup->{b_header}, $tup->{b_body1},
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$tup->{b_body2}, $tup->{b_body3},
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$tup->{b_body4}, $tup->{b_body5},
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$tup->{b_body6}, $tup->{b_body7},
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$tup->{c_va_header}, $tup->{c_va_vartag},
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$tup->{c_va_rawsize}, $tup->{c_va_extinfo},
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$tup->{c_va_valueid}, $tup->{c_va_toastrelid});
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sysseek($fh, $offset, 0)
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or BAIL_OUT("sysseek failed: $!");
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defined(syswrite($fh, $buffer, HEAPTUPLE_PACK_LENGTH))
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or BAIL_OUT("syswrite failed: $!");
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return;
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}
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# Set umask so test directories and files are created with default permissions
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umask(0077);
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# Set up the node. Once we create and corrupt the table,
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# autovacuum workers visiting the table could crash the backend.
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# Disable autovacuum so that won't happen.
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my $node = PostgreSQL::Test::Cluster->new('test');
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$node->init;
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$node->append_conf('postgresql.conf', 'autovacuum=off');
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# Start the node and load the extensions. We depend on both
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# amcheck and pageinspect for this test.
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$node->start;
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my $port = $node->port;
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my $pgdata = $node->data_dir;
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$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE EXTENSION amcheck");
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$node->safe_psql('postgres', "CREATE EXTENSION pageinspect");
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# Get a non-zero datfrozenxid
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$node->safe_psql('postgres', qq(VACUUM FREEZE));
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# Create the test table with precisely the schema that our corruption function
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# expects.
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$node->safe_psql(
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'postgres', qq(
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CREATE TABLE public.test (a BIGINT, b TEXT, c TEXT);
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ALTER TABLE public.test SET (autovacuum_enabled=false);
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ALTER TABLE public.test ALTER COLUMN c SET STORAGE EXTERNAL;
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CREATE INDEX test_idx ON public.test(a, b);
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));
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# We want (0 < datfrozenxid < test.relfrozenxid). To achieve this, we freeze
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# an otherwise unused table, public.junk, prior to inserting data and freezing
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# public.test
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$node->safe_psql(
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'postgres', qq(
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CREATE TABLE public.junk AS SELECT 'junk'::TEXT AS junk_column;
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ALTER TABLE public.junk SET (autovacuum_enabled=false);
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VACUUM FREEZE public.junk
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));
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my $rel = $node->safe_psql('postgres',
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qq(SELECT pg_relation_filepath('public.test')));
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my $relpath = "$pgdata/$rel";
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# Insert data and freeze public.test
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use constant ROWCOUNT => 17;
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$node->safe_psql(
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'postgres', qq(
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INSERT INTO public.test (a, b, c)
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VALUES (
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x'DEADF9F9DEADF9F9'::bigint,
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'abcdefg',
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repeat('w', 10000)
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);
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VACUUM FREEZE public.test
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)) for (1 .. ROWCOUNT);
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my $relfrozenxid = $node->safe_psql('postgres',
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q(select relfrozenxid from pg_class where relname = 'test'));
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my $datfrozenxid = $node->safe_psql('postgres',
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q(select datfrozenxid from pg_database where datname = 'postgres'));
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# Sanity check that our 'test' table has a relfrozenxid newer than the
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# datfrozenxid for the database, and that the datfrozenxid is greater than the
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# first normal xid. We rely on these invariants in some of our tests.
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if ($datfrozenxid <= 3 || $datfrozenxid >= $relfrozenxid)
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{
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$node->clean_node;
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plan skip_all =>
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"Xid thresholds not as expected: got datfrozenxid = $datfrozenxid, relfrozenxid = $relfrozenxid";
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exit;
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}
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# Find where each of the tuples is located on the page.
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my @lp_off;
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for my $tup (0 .. ROWCOUNT - 1)
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{
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push(
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@lp_off,
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$node->safe_psql(
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'postgres', qq(
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select lp_off from heap_page_items(get_raw_page('test', 'main', 0))
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offset $tup limit 1)));
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}
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# Sanity check that our 'test' table on disk layout matches expectations. If
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# this is not so, we will have to skip the test until somebody updates the test
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# to work on this platform.
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$node->stop;
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my $file;
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open($file, '+<', $relpath)
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or BAIL_OUT("open failed: $!");
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binmode $file;
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my $ENDIANNESS;
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for (my $tupidx = 0; $tupidx < ROWCOUNT; $tupidx++)
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{
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my $offnum = $tupidx + 1; # offnum is 1-based, not zero-based
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my $offset = $lp_off[$tupidx];
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my $tup = read_tuple($file, $offset);
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# Sanity-check that the data appears on the page where we expect.
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my $a_1 = $tup->{a_1};
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my $a_2 = $tup->{a_2};
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my $b = $tup->{b};
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if ($a_1 != 0xDEADF9F9 || $a_2 != 0xDEADF9F9 || $b ne 'abcdefg')
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{
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close($file); # ignore errors on close; we're exiting anyway
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$node->clean_node;
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plan skip_all =>
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sprintf(
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"Page layout differs from our expectations: expected (%x, %x, \"%s\"), got (%x, %x, \"%s\")",
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0xDEADF9F9, 0xDEADF9F9, "abcdefg", $a_1, $a_2, $b);
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exit;
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}
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# Determine endianness of current platform from the 1-byte varlena header
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$ENDIANNESS = $tup->{b_header} == 0x11 ? "little" : "big";
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}
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close($file)
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or BAIL_OUT("close failed: $!");
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$node->start;
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# Ok, Xids and page layout look ok. We can run corruption tests.
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# Check that pg_amcheck runs against the uncorrupted table without error.
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$node->command_ok(
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[ 'pg_amcheck', '-p', $port, 'postgres' ],
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'pg_amcheck test table, prior to corruption');
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# Check that pg_amcheck runs against the uncorrupted table and index without error.
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$node->command_ok([ 'pg_amcheck', '-p', $port, 'postgres' ],
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'pg_amcheck test table and index, prior to corruption');
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$node->stop;
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# Some #define constants from access/htup_details.h for use while corrupting.
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use constant HEAP_HASNULL => 0x0001;
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use constant HEAP_XMAX_LOCK_ONLY => 0x0080;
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use constant HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED => 0x0100;
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use constant HEAP_XMIN_INVALID => 0x0200;
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use constant HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED => 0x0400;
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use constant HEAP_XMAX_INVALID => 0x0800;
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use constant HEAP_NATTS_MASK => 0x07FF;
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use constant HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI => 0x1000;
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use constant HEAP_KEYS_UPDATED => 0x2000;
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# Helper function to generate a regular expression matching the header we
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# expect verify_heapam() to return given which fields we expect to be non-null.
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sub header
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{
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my ($blkno, $offnum, $attnum) = @_;
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return
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qr/heap table "postgres\.public\.test", block $blkno, offset $offnum, attribute $attnum:\s+/ms
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if (defined $attnum);
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return
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qr/heap table "postgres\.public\.test", block $blkno, offset $offnum:\s+/ms
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if (defined $offnum);
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return qr/heap table "postgres\.public\.test", block $blkno:\s+/ms
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if (defined $blkno);
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return qr/heap table "postgres\.public\.test":\s+/ms;
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}
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# Corrupt the tuples, one type of corruption per tuple. Some types of
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# corruption cause verify_heapam to skip to the next tuple without
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# performing any remaining checks, so we can't exercise the system properly if
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# we focus all our corruption on a single tuple.
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#
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my @expected;
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open($file, '+<', $relpath)
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or BAIL_OUT("open failed: $!");
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binmode $file;
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for (my $tupidx = 0; $tupidx < ROWCOUNT; $tupidx++)
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{
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my $offnum = $tupidx + 1; # offnum is 1-based, not zero-based
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my $offset = $lp_off[$tupidx];
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my $tup = read_tuple($file, $offset);
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my $header = header(0, $offnum, undef);
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if ($offnum == 1)
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{
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# Corruptly set xmin < relfrozenxid
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my $xmin = $relfrozenxid - 1;
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$tup->{t_xmin} = $xmin;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
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# Expected corruption report
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push @expected,
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qr/${header}xmin $xmin precedes relation freeze threshold 0:\d+/;
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}
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if ($offnum == 2)
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{
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# Corruptly set xmin < datfrozenxid
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my $xmin = 3;
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$tup->{t_xmin} = $xmin;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}xmin $xmin precedes oldest valid transaction ID 0:\d+/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 3)
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{
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# Corruptly set xmin < datfrozenxid, further back, noting circularity
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# of xid comparison.
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my $xmin = 4026531839;
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$tup->{t_xmin} = $xmin;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}xmin ${xmin} precedes oldest valid transaction ID 0:\d+/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 4)
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{
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# Corruptly set xmax < relminmxid;
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my $xmax = 4026531839;
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$tup->{t_xmax} = $xmax;
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$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMAX_INVALID;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}xmax ${xmax} precedes oldest valid transaction ID 0:\d+/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 5)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple t_hoff, but keep it aligned properly
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$tup->{t_hoff} += 128;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}data begins at offset 152 beyond the tuple length 58/,
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qr/${$header}tuple data should begin at byte 24, but actually begins at byte 152 \(3 attributes, no nulls\)/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 6)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple t_hoff, wrong alignment
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$tup->{t_hoff} += 3;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}tuple data should begin at byte 24, but actually begins at byte 27 \(3 attributes, no nulls\)/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 7)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple t_hoff, underflow but correct alignment
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$tup->{t_hoff} -= 8;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}tuple data should begin at byte 24, but actually begins at byte 16 \(3 attributes, no nulls\)/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 8)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple t_hoff, underflow and wrong alignment
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$tup->{t_hoff} -= 3;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}tuple data should begin at byte 24, but actually begins at byte 21 \(3 attributes, no nulls\)/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 9)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple to look like it has lots of attributes, not just 3
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$tup->{t_infomask2} |= HEAP_NATTS_MASK;
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push @expected,
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qr/${$header}number of attributes 2047 exceeds maximum expected for table 3/;
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}
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elsif ($offnum == 10)
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{
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# Corrupt the tuple to look like it has lots of attributes, some of
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# them null. This falsely creates the impression that the t_bits
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# array is longer than just one byte, but t_hoff still says otherwise.
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$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_HASNULL;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask2} |= HEAP_NATTS_MASK;
|
|
$tup->{t_bits} = 0xAA;
|
|
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${$header}tuple data should begin at byte 280, but actually begins at byte 24 \(2047 attributes, has nulls\)/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 11)
|
|
{
|
|
# Same as above, but this time t_hoff plays along
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_HASNULL;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask2} |= (HEAP_NATTS_MASK & 0x40);
|
|
$tup->{t_bits} = 0xAA;
|
|
$tup->{t_hoff} = 32;
|
|
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${$header}number of attributes 67 exceeds maximum expected for table 3/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 12)
|
|
{
|
|
# Overwrite column 'b' 1-byte varlena header and initial characters to
|
|
# look like a long 4-byte varlena
|
|
#
|
|
# On little endian machines, bytes ending in two zero bits (xxxxxx00 bytes)
|
|
# are 4-byte length word, aligned, uncompressed data (up to 1G). We set the
|
|
# high six bits to 111111 and the lower two bits to 00, then the next three
|
|
# bytes with 0xFF using 0xFCFFFFFF.
|
|
#
|
|
# On big endian machines, bytes starting in two zero bits (00xxxxxx bytes)
|
|
# are 4-byte length word, aligned, uncompressed data (up to 1G). We set the
|
|
# low six bits to 111111 and the high two bits to 00, then the next three
|
|
# bytes with 0xFF using 0x3FFFFFFF.
|
|
#
|
|
$tup->{b_header} = $ENDIANNESS eq 'little' ? 0xFC : 0x3F;
|
|
$tup->{b_body1} = 0xFF;
|
|
$tup->{b_body2} = 0xFF;
|
|
$tup->{b_body3} = 0xFF;
|
|
|
|
$header = header(0, $offnum, 1);
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${header}attribute with length \d+ ends at offset \d+ beyond total tuple length \d+/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 13)
|
|
{
|
|
# Corrupt the bits in column 'c' toast pointer
|
|
$tup->{c_va_valueid} = 0xFFFFFFFF;
|
|
|
|
$header = header(0, $offnum, 2);
|
|
push @expected, qr/${header}toast value \d+ not found in toast table/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 14)
|
|
{
|
|
# Set both HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED and HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI;
|
|
$tup->{t_xmax} = 4;
|
|
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${header}multitransaction ID 4 equals or exceeds next valid multitransaction ID 1/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 15)
|
|
{
|
|
# Set both HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED and HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_XMAX_COMMITTED;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} |= HEAP_XMAX_IS_MULTI;
|
|
$tup->{t_xmax} = 4000000000;
|
|
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${header}multitransaction ID 4000000000 precedes relation minimum multitransaction ID threshold 1/;
|
|
}
|
|
elsif ($offnum == 16) # Last offnum must equal ROWCOUNT
|
|
{
|
|
# Corruptly set xmin > next_xid to be in the future.
|
|
my $xmin = 123456;
|
|
$tup->{t_xmin} = $xmin;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_COMMITTED;
|
|
$tup->{t_infomask} &= ~HEAP_XMIN_INVALID;
|
|
|
|
push @expected,
|
|
qr/${$header}xmin ${xmin} equals or exceeds next valid transaction ID 0:\d+/;
|
|
}
|
|
write_tuple($file, $offset, $tup);
|
|
}
|
|
close($file)
|
|
or BAIL_OUT("close failed: $!");
|
|
$node->start;
|
|
|
|
# Run pg_amcheck against the corrupt table with epoch=0, comparing actual
|
|
# corruption messages against the expected messages
|
|
$node->command_checks_all(
|
|
[ 'pg_amcheck', '--no-dependent-indexes', '-p', $port, 'postgres' ],
|
|
2, [@expected], [], 'Expected corruption message output');
|
|
|
|
$node->teardown_node;
|
|
$node->clean_node;
|
|
|
|
done_testing();
|