package repository import ( "context" "encoding/json" "io" "sync" "time" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/errors" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/restic" "github.com/restic/restic/internal/debug" ) // In large repositories, millions of blobs are stored in the repository // and restic needs to store an index entry for each blob in memory for // most operations. // Hence the index data structure defined here is one of the main contributions // to the total memory requirements of restic. // // We store the index entries in indexMaps. In these maps, entries take 56 // bytes each, plus 8/4 = 2 bytes of unused pointers on average, not counting // malloc and header struct overhead and ignoring duplicates (those are only // present in edge cases and are also removed by prune runs). // // In the index entries, we need to reference the packID. As one pack may // contain many blobs the packIDs are saved in a separate array and only the index // within this array is saved in the indexEntry // // We assume on average a minimum of 8 blobs per pack; BP=8. // (Note that for large files there should be 3 blobs per pack as the average chunk // size is 1.5 MB and the minimum pack size is 4 MB) // // We have the following sizes: // indexEntry: 56 bytes (on amd64) // each packID: 32 bytes // // To save N index entries, we therefore need: // N * (56 + 2) bytes + N * 32 bytes / BP = N * 62 bytes, // i.e., fewer than 64 bytes per blob in an index. // Index holds lookup tables for id -> pack. type Index struct { m sync.Mutex byType [restic.NumBlobTypes]indexMap packs restic.IDs treePacks restic.IDs // only used by Store, StorePacks does not check for already saved packIDs packIDToIndex map[restic.ID]int final bool // set to true for all indexes read from the backend ("finalized") ids restic.IDs // set to the IDs of the contained finalized indexes supersedes restic.IDs created time.Time } // NewIndex returns a new index. func NewIndex() *Index { return &Index{ packIDToIndex: make(map[restic.ID]int), created: time.Now(), } } // addToPacks saves the given pack ID and return the index. // This procedere allows to use pack IDs which can be easily garbage collected after. func (idx *Index) addToPacks(id restic.ID) int { idx.packs = append(idx.packs, id) return len(idx.packs) - 1 } const maxuint32 = 1<<32 - 1 func (idx *Index) store(packIndex int, blob restic.Blob) { // assert that offset and length fit into uint32! if blob.Offset > maxuint32 || blob.Length > maxuint32 { panic("offset or length does not fit in uint32. You have packs > 4GB!") } m := &idx.byType[blob.Type] m.add(blob.ID, packIndex, uint32(blob.Offset), uint32(blob.Length)) } // Final returns true iff the index is already written to the repository, it is // finalized. func (idx *Index) Final() bool { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() return idx.final } const ( indexMaxBlobs = 50000 indexMaxAge = 10 * time.Minute ) // IndexFull returns true iff the index is "full enough" to be saved as a preliminary index. var IndexFull = func(idx *Index) bool { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() debug.Log("checking whether index %p is full", idx) var blobs uint for typ := range idx.byType { blobs += idx.byType[typ].len() } age := time.Since(idx.created) switch { case age >= indexMaxAge: debug.Log("index %p is old enough", idx, age) return true case blobs >= indexMaxBlobs: debug.Log("index %p has %d blobs", idx, blobs) return true } debug.Log("index %p only has %d blobs and is too young (%v)", idx, blobs, age) return false } // Store remembers the id and pack in the index. func (idx *Index) Store(blob restic.PackedBlob) { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() if idx.final { panic("store new item in finalized index") } debug.Log("%v", blob) // get packIndex and save if new packID packIndex, ok := idx.packIDToIndex[blob.PackID] if !ok { packIndex = idx.addToPacks(blob.PackID) idx.packIDToIndex[blob.PackID] = packIndex } idx.store(packIndex, blob.Blob) } // StorePack remembers the ids of all blobs of a given pack // in the index func (idx *Index) StorePack(id restic.ID, blobs []restic.Blob) { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() if idx.final { panic("store new item in finalized index") } debug.Log("%v", blobs) packIndex := idx.addToPacks(id) for _, blob := range blobs { idx.store(packIndex, blob) } } func (idx *Index) toPackedBlob(e *indexEntry, typ restic.BlobType) restic.PackedBlob { return restic.PackedBlob{ Blob: restic.Blob{ ID: e.id, Type: typ, Length: uint(e.length), Offset: uint(e.offset), }, PackID: idx.packs[e.packIndex], } } // Lookup queries the index for the blob ID and returns all entries including // duplicates. Adds found entries to blobs and returns the result. func (idx *Index) Lookup(id restic.ID, tpe restic.BlobType, blobs []restic.PackedBlob) []restic.PackedBlob { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() idx.byType[tpe].foreachWithID(id, func(e *indexEntry) { blobs = append(blobs, idx.toPackedBlob(e, tpe)) }) return blobs } // ListPack returns a list of blobs contained in a pack. func (idx *Index) ListPack(id restic.ID) (list []restic.PackedBlob) { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() for typ := range idx.byType { m := &idx.byType[typ] m.foreach(func(e *indexEntry) bool { if idx.packs[e.packIndex] == id { list = append(list, idx.toPackedBlob(e, restic.BlobType(typ))) } return true }) } return list } // Has returns true iff the id is listed in the index. func (idx *Index) Has(id restic.ID, tpe restic.BlobType) bool { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() return idx.byType[tpe].get(id) != nil } // LookupSize returns the length of the plaintext content of the blob with the // given id. func (idx *Index) LookupSize(id restic.ID, tpe restic.BlobType) (plaintextLength uint, found bool) { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() e := idx.byType[tpe].get(id) if e == nil { return 0, false } return uint(restic.PlaintextLength(int(e.length))), true } // Supersedes returns the list of indexes this index supersedes, if any. func (idx *Index) Supersedes() restic.IDs { return idx.supersedes } // AddToSupersedes adds the ids to the list of indexes superseded by this // index. If the index has already been finalized, an error is returned. func (idx *Index) AddToSupersedes(ids ...restic.ID) error { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() if idx.final { return errors.New("index already finalized") } idx.supersedes = append(idx.supersedes, ids...) return nil } // Each returns a channel that yields all blobs known to the index. When the // context is cancelled, the background goroutine terminates. This blocks any // modification of the index. func (idx *Index) Each(ctx context.Context) <-chan restic.PackedBlob { idx.m.Lock() ch := make(chan restic.PackedBlob) go func() { defer idx.m.Unlock() defer func() { close(ch) }() for typ := range idx.byType { m := &idx.byType[typ] m.foreach(func(e *indexEntry) bool { select { case <-ctx.Done(): return false case ch <- idx.toPackedBlob(e, restic.BlobType(typ)): return true } }) } }() return ch } // Packs returns all packs in this index func (idx *Index) Packs() restic.IDSet { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() packs := restic.NewIDSet() for _, packID := range idx.packs { packs.Insert(packID) } return packs } // Count returns the number of blobs of type t in the index. func (idx *Index) Count(t restic.BlobType) (n uint) { debug.Log("counting blobs of type %v", t) idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() return idx.byType[t].len() } type packJSON struct { ID restic.ID `json:"id"` Blobs []blobJSON `json:"blobs"` } type blobJSON struct { ID restic.ID `json:"id"` Type restic.BlobType `json:"type"` Offset uint `json:"offset"` Length uint `json:"length"` } // generatePackList returns a list of packs. func (idx *Index) generatePackList() ([]*packJSON, error) { list := []*packJSON{} packs := make(map[restic.ID]*packJSON) for typ := range idx.byType { m := &idx.byType[typ] m.foreach(func(e *indexEntry) bool { packID := idx.packs[e.packIndex] if packID.IsNull() { panic("null pack id") } debug.Log("handle blob %v", e.id) // see if pack is already in map p, ok := packs[packID] if !ok { // else create new pack p = &packJSON{ID: packID} // and append it to the list and map list = append(list, p) packs[p.ID] = p } // add blob p.Blobs = append(p.Blobs, blobJSON{ ID: e.id, Type: restic.BlobType(typ), Offset: uint(e.offset), Length: uint(e.length), }) return true }) } debug.Log("done") return list, nil } type jsonIndex struct { Supersedes restic.IDs `json:"supersedes,omitempty"` Packs []*packJSON `json:"packs"` } // Encode writes the JSON serialization of the index to the writer w. func (idx *Index) Encode(w io.Writer) error { debug.Log("encoding index") idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() return idx.encode(w) } // encode writes the JSON serialization of the index to the writer w. func (idx *Index) encode(w io.Writer) error { debug.Log("encoding index") list, err := idx.generatePackList() if err != nil { return err } enc := json.NewEncoder(w) idxJSON := jsonIndex{ Supersedes: idx.supersedes, Packs: list, } return enc.Encode(idxJSON) } // Finalize sets the index to final. func (idx *Index) Finalize() { debug.Log("finalizing index") idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() idx.final = true // clear packIDToIndex as no more elements will be added idx.packIDToIndex = nil } // IDs returns the IDs of the index, if available. If the index is not yet // finalized, an error is returned. func (idx *Index) IDs() (restic.IDs, error) { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() if !idx.final { return nil, errors.New("index not finalized") } return idx.ids, nil } // SetID sets the ID the index has been written to. This requires that // Finalize() has been called before, otherwise an error is returned. func (idx *Index) SetID(id restic.ID) error { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() if !idx.final { return errors.New("index is not final") } if len(idx.ids) > 0 { return errors.New("ID already set") } debug.Log("ID set to %v", id) idx.ids = append(idx.ids, id) return nil } // Dump writes the pretty-printed JSON representation of the index to w. func (idx *Index) Dump(w io.Writer) error { debug.Log("dumping index") idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() list, err := idx.generatePackList() if err != nil { return err } outer := jsonIndex{ Supersedes: idx.Supersedes(), Packs: list, } buf, err := json.MarshalIndent(outer, "", " ") if err != nil { return err } _, err = w.Write(append(buf, '\n')) if err != nil { return errors.Wrap(err, "Write") } debug.Log("done") return nil } // TreePacks returns a list of packs that contain only tree blobs. func (idx *Index) TreePacks() restic.IDs { return idx.treePacks } // merge() merges indexes, i.e. idx.merge(idx2) merges the contents of idx2 into idx. // During merging exact duplicates are removed; idx2 is not changed by this method. func (idx *Index) merge(idx2 *Index) error { idx.m.Lock() defer idx.m.Unlock() idx2.m.Lock() defer idx2.m.Unlock() if !idx2.final { return errors.New("index to merge is not final!") } packlen := len(idx.packs) // first append packs as they might be accessed when looking for duplicates below idx.packs = append(idx.packs, idx2.packs...) // copy all index entries of idx2 to idx for typ := range idx2.byType { m2 := &idx2.byType[typ] m := &idx.byType[typ] // helper func to test if identical entry is contained in idx hasIdenticalEntry := func(e2 *indexEntry) (found bool) { m.foreachWithID(e2.id, func(e *indexEntry) { b := idx.toPackedBlob(e, restic.BlobType(typ)) b2 := idx2.toPackedBlob(e2, restic.BlobType(typ)) if b.Length == b2.Length && b.Offset == b2.Offset && b.PackID == b2.PackID { found = true } }) return found } m2.foreach(func(e2 *indexEntry) bool { if !hasIdenticalEntry(e2) { // packIndex needs to be changed as idx2.pack was appended to idx.pack, see above m.add(e2.id, e2.packIndex+packlen, e2.offset, e2.length) } return true }) } idx.treePacks = append(idx.treePacks, idx2.treePacks...) idx.ids = append(idx.ids, idx2.ids...) idx.supersedes = append(idx.supersedes, idx2.supersedes...) return nil } // isErrOldIndex returns true if the error may be caused by an old index // format. func isErrOldIndex(err error) bool { if e, ok := err.(*json.UnmarshalTypeError); ok && e.Value == "array" { return true } return false } // ErrOldIndexFormat means an index with the old format was detected. var ErrOldIndexFormat = errors.New("index has old format") // DecodeIndex loads and unserializes an index from rd. func DecodeIndex(buf []byte) (idx *Index, err error) { debug.Log("Start decoding index") idxJSON := &jsonIndex{} err = json.Unmarshal(buf, idxJSON) if err != nil { debug.Log("Error %v", err) if isErrOldIndex(err) { debug.Log("index is probably old format, trying that") err = ErrOldIndexFormat } return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Decode") } idx = NewIndex() for _, pack := range idxJSON.Packs { var data, tree bool packID := idx.addToPacks(pack.ID) for _, blob := range pack.Blobs { idx.store(packID, restic.Blob{ Type: blob.Type, ID: blob.ID, Offset: blob.Offset, Length: blob.Length, }) switch blob.Type { case restic.DataBlob: data = true case restic.TreeBlob: tree = true } } if !data && tree { idx.treePacks = append(idx.treePacks, pack.ID) } } idx.supersedes = idxJSON.Supersedes idx.final = true debug.Log("done") return idx, nil } // DecodeOldIndex loads and unserializes an index in the old format from rd. func DecodeOldIndex(buf []byte) (idx *Index, err error) { debug.Log("Start decoding old index") list := []*packJSON{} err = json.Unmarshal(buf, &list) if err != nil { debug.Log("Error %#v", err) return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Decode") } idx = NewIndex() for _, pack := range list { var data, tree bool packID := idx.addToPacks(pack.ID) for _, blob := range pack.Blobs { idx.store(packID, restic.Blob{ Type: blob.Type, ID: blob.ID, Offset: blob.Offset, Length: blob.Length, }) switch blob.Type { case restic.DataBlob: data = true case restic.TreeBlob: tree = true } } if !data && tree { idx.treePacks = append(idx.treePacks, pack.ID) } } idx.final = true debug.Log("done") return idx, nil } // LoadIndexWithDecoder loads the index and decodes it with fn. func LoadIndexWithDecoder(ctx context.Context, repo restic.Repository, buf []byte, id restic.ID, fn func([]byte) (*Index, error)) (*Index, []byte, error) { debug.Log("Loading index %v", id) buf, err := repo.LoadAndDecrypt(ctx, buf[:0], restic.IndexFile, id) if err != nil { return nil, buf[:0], err } idx, err := fn(buf) if err != nil { debug.Log("error while decoding index %v: %v", id, err) return nil, buf[:0], err } idx.ids = append(idx.ids, id) return idx, buf, nil }