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481 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
Vendored
481 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
Vendored
# xorm
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[English](https://gitea.com/xorm/xorm/src/branch/master/README.md)
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xorm 是一个简单而强大的Go语言ORM库. 通过它可以使数据库操作非常简便。
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[![Build Status](https://drone.gitea.com/api/badges/xorm/xorm/status.svg)](https://drone.gitea.com/xorm/xorm) [![](http://gocover.io/_badge/xorm.io/xorm)](https://gocover.io/xorm.io/xorm) [![](https://goreportcard.com/badge/xorm.io/xorm)](https://goreportcard.com/report/xorm.io/xorm) [![Join the chat at https://img.shields.io/discord/323460943201959939.svg](https://img.shields.io/discord/323460943201959939.svg)](https://discord.gg/HuR2CF3)
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## Notice
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v1.0.0 相对于 v0.8.2 有以下不兼容的变更:
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- 移除了部分不符合Go语言命名的函数,如 `Id`, `Sql`,请使用 `ID`, `SQL` 替代。
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- 删除了对 `xorm.io/core` 的依赖。大部分代码迁移到了 `xorm.io/xorm/core`, `xorm.io/xorm/names`, `xorm.io/xorm/schemas` 等等几个包中.
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- 重命名了几个结构体,如: `core.IMapper` -> `names.Mapper`, `core.ILogger` -> `log.Logger`.
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## 特性
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* 支持 Struct 和数据库表之间的灵活映射,并支持自动同步
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* 事务支持
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* 同时支持原始SQL语句和ORM操作的混合执行
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* 使用连写来简化调用
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* 支持使用ID, In, Where, Limit, Join, Having, Table, SQL, Cols等函数和结构体等方式作为条件
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* 支持级联加载Struct
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* Schema支持(仅Postgres)
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* 支持缓存
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* 通过 [xorm.io/reverse](https://xorm.io/reverse) 支持根据数据库自动生成 xorm 结构体
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* 支持记录版本(即乐观锁)
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* 通过 [xorm.io/builder](https://xorm.io/builder) 内置 SQL Builder 支持
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* 上下文缓存支持
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* 支持日志上下文
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## 驱动支持
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目前支持的Go数据库驱动和对应的数据库如下:
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* [Mysql5.*](https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/tree/5.7) / [Mysql8.*](https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server) / [Mariadb](https://github.com/MariaDB/server) / [Tidb](https://github.com/pingcap/tidb)
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- [github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql](https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql)
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- [github.com/ziutek/mymysql/godrv](https://github.com/ziutek/mymysql/godrv)
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* [Postgres](https://github.com/postgres/postgres) / [Cockroach](https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach)
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- [github.com/lib/pq](https://github.com/lib/pq)
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- [github.com/jackc/pgx](https://github.com/jackc/pgx)
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* [SQLite](https://sqlite.org)
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- [github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3](https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3)
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- [modernc.org/sqlite](https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite) (Windows试验性支持)
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* MsSql
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- [github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb](https://github.com/denisenkom/go-mssqldb)
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* Oracle
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- [github.com/godror/godror](https://github.com/godror/godror) (试验性支持)
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- [github.com/mattn/go-oci8](https://github.com/mattn/go-oci8) (试验性支持)
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## 安装
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go get xorm.io/xorm
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## 文档
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* [操作指南](http://xorm.io/docs)
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* [Godoc代码文档](http://pkg.go.dev/xorm.io/xorm)
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# 快速开始
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* 第一步创建引擎,`driverName`, `dataSourceName` 和 `database/sql` 接口相同
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```Go
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engine, err := xorm.NewEngine(driverName, dataSourceName)
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```
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* 定义一个和表同步的结构体,并且自动同步结构体到数据库
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```Go
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type User struct {
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Id int64
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Name string
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Salt string
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Age int
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Passwd string `xorm:"varchar(200)"`
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Created time.Time `xorm:"created"`
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Updated time.Time `xorm:"updated"`
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}
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err := engine.Sync2(new(User))
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```
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* 创建Engine组
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```Go
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dataSourceNameSlice := []string{masterDataSourceName, slave1DataSourceName, slave2DataSourceName}
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engineGroup, err := xorm.NewEngineGroup(driverName, dataSourceNameSlice)
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```
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```Go
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masterEngine, err := xorm.NewEngine(driverName, masterDataSourceName)
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slave1Engine, err := xorm.NewEngine(driverName, slave1DataSourceName)
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slave2Engine, err := xorm.NewEngine(driverName, slave2DataSourceName)
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engineGroup, err := xorm.NewEngineGroup(masterEngine, []*Engine{slave1Engine, slave2Engine})
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```
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所有使用 `engine` 都可以简单的用 `engineGroup` 来替换。
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* `Query` 最原始的也支持SQL语句查询,返回的结果类型为 `[]map[string][]byte`。`QueryString` 返回 `[]map[string]string`, `QueryInterface` 返回 `[]map[string]interface{}`.
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```Go
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results, err := engine.Query("select * from user")
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results, err := engine.Where("a = 1").Query()
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results, err := engine.QueryString("select * from user")
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results, err := engine.Where("a = 1").QueryString()
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results, err := engine.QueryInterface("select * from user")
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results, err := engine.Where("a = 1").QueryInterface()
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```
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* `Exec` 执行一个SQL语句
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```Go
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affected, err := engine.Exec("update user set age = ? where name = ?", age, name)
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```
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* `Insert` 插入一条或者多条记录
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```Go
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affected, err := engine.Insert(&user)
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// INSERT INTO struct () values ()
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affected, err := engine.Insert(&user1, &user2)
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// INSERT INTO struct1 () values ()
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// INSERT INTO struct2 () values ()
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affected, err := engine.Insert(&users)
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// INSERT INTO struct () values (),(),()
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affected, err := engine.Insert(&user1, &users)
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// INSERT INTO struct1 () values ()
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// INSERT INTO struct2 () values (),(),()
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```
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* `Get` 查询单条记录
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```Go
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has, err := engine.Get(&user)
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// SELECT * FROM user LIMIT 1
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has, err := engine.Where("name = ?", name).Desc("id").Get(&user)
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// SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = ? ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1
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var name string
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has, err := engine.Table(&user).Where("id = ?", id).Cols("name").Get(&name)
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// SELECT name FROM user WHERE id = ?
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var id int64
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has, err := engine.Table(&user).Where("name = ?", name).Cols("id").Get(&id)
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has, err := engine.SQL("select id from user").Get(&id)
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// SELECT id FROM user WHERE name = ?
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var valuesMap = make(map[string]string)
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has, err := engine.Table(&user).Where("id = ?", id).Get(&valuesMap)
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// SELECT * FROM user WHERE id = ?
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var valuesSlice = make([]interface{}, len(cols))
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has, err := engine.Table(&user).Where("id = ?", id).Cols(cols...).Get(&valuesSlice)
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// SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM user WHERE id = ?
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```
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* `Exist` 检测记录是否存在
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```Go
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has, err := testEngine.Exist(new(RecordExist))
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// SELECT * FROM record_exist LIMIT 1
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has, err = testEngine.Exist(&RecordExist{
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Name: "test1",
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})
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// SELECT * FROM record_exist WHERE name = ? LIMIT 1
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has, err = testEngine.Where("name = ?", "test1").Exist(&RecordExist{})
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// SELECT * FROM record_exist WHERE name = ? LIMIT 1
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has, err = testEngine.SQL("select * from record_exist where name = ?", "test1").Exist()
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// select * from record_exist where name = ?
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has, err = testEngine.Table("record_exist").Exist()
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// SELECT * FROM record_exist LIMIT 1
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has, err = testEngine.Table("record_exist").Where("name = ?", "test1").Exist()
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// SELECT * FROM record_exist WHERE name = ? LIMIT 1
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```
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* `Find` 查询多条记录,当然可以使用Join和extends来组合使用
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```Go
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var users []User
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err := engine.Where("name = ?", name).And("age > 10").Limit(10, 0).Find(&users)
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// SELECT * FROM user WHERE name = ? AND age > 10 limit 10 offset 0
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type Detail struct {
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Id int64
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UserId int64 `xorm:"index"`
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}
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type UserDetail struct {
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User `xorm:"extends"`
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Detail `xorm:"extends"`
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}
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var users []UserDetail
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err := engine.Table("user").Select("user.*, detail.*")
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Join("INNER", "detail", "detail.user_id = user.id").
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Where("user.name = ?", name).Limit(10, 0).
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Find(&users)
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// SELECT user.*, detail.* FROM user INNER JOIN detail WHERE user.name = ? limit 10 offset 0
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```
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* `Iterate` 和 `Rows` 根据条件遍历数据库,可以有两种方式: Iterate and Rows
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```Go
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err := engine.Iterate(&User{Name:name}, func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
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user := bean.(*User)
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return nil
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})
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// SELECT * FROM user
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err := engine.BufferSize(100).Iterate(&User{Name:name}, func(idx int, bean interface{}) error {
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user := bean.(*User)
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return nil
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})
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// SELECT * FROM user Limit 0, 100
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// SELECT * FROM user Limit 101, 100
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rows, err := engine.Rows(&User{Name:name})
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// SELECT * FROM user
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defer rows.Close()
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bean := new(Struct)
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for rows.Next() {
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err = rows.Scan(bean)
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}
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```
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* `Update` 更新数据,除非使用Cols,AllCols函数指明,默认只更新非空和非0的字段
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```Go
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affected, err := engine.ID(1).Update(&user)
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// UPDATE user SET ... Where id = ?
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affected, err := engine.Update(&user, &User{Name:name})
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// UPDATE user SET ... Where name = ?
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var ids = []int64{1, 2, 3}
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affected, err := engine.In(ids).Update(&user)
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// UPDATE user SET ... Where id IN (?, ?, ?)
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// force update indicated columns by Cols
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affected, err := engine.ID(1).Cols("age").Update(&User{Name:name, Age: 12})
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// UPDATE user SET age = ?, updated=? Where id = ?
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// force NOT update indicated columns by Omit
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affected, err := engine.ID(1).Omit("name").Update(&User{Name:name, Age: 12})
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// UPDATE user SET age = ?, updated=? Where id = ?
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affected, err := engine.ID(1).AllCols().Update(&user)
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// UPDATE user SET name=?,age=?,salt=?,passwd=?,updated=? Where id = ?
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```
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* `Delete` 删除记录,需要注意,删除必须至少有一个条件,否则会报错。要清空数据库可以用EmptyTable
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```Go
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affected, err := engine.Where(...).Delete(&user)
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// DELETE FROM user Where ...
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affected, err := engine.ID(2).Delete(&user)
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// DELETE FROM user Where id = ?
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affected, err := engine.Table("user").Where(...).Delete()
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// DELETE FROM user WHERE ...
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```
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* `Count` 获取记录条数
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```Go
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counts, err := engine.Count(&user)
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// SELECT count(*) AS total FROM user
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```
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* `Sum` 求和函数
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```Go
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agesFloat64, err := engine.Sum(&user, "age")
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// SELECT sum(age) AS total FROM user
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agesInt64, err := engine.SumInt(&user, "age")
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// SELECT sum(age) AS total FROM user
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sumFloat64Slice, err := engine.Sums(&user, "age", "score")
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// SELECT sum(age), sum(score) FROM user
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sumInt64Slice, err := engine.SumsInt(&user, "age", "score")
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// SELECT sum(age), sum(score) FROM user
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```
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* 条件编辑器
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```Go
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err := engine.Where(builder.NotIn("a", 1, 2).And(builder.In("b", "c", "d", "e"))).Find(&users)
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// SELECT id, name ... FROM user WHERE a NOT IN (?, ?) AND b IN (?, ?, ?)
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```
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* 在一个Go程中多次操作数据库,但没有事务
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```Go
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session := engine.NewSession()
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defer session.Close()
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user1 := Userinfo{Username: "xiaoxiao", Departname: "dev", Alias: "lunny", Created: time.Now()}
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if _, err := session.Insert(&user1); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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user2 := Userinfo{Username: "yyy"}
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if _, err := session.Where("id = ?", 2).Update(&user2); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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if _, err := session.Exec("delete from userinfo where username = ?", user2.Username); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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return nil
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```
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* 在一个Go程中有事务
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```Go
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session := engine.NewSession()
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defer session.Close()
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// add Begin() before any action
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if err := session.Begin(); err != nil {
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// if returned then will rollback automatically
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return err
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}
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user1 := Userinfo{Username: "xiaoxiao", Departname: "dev", Alias: "lunny", Created: time.Now()}
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if _, err := session.Insert(&user1); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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user2 := Userinfo{Username: "yyy"}
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if _, err := session.Where("id = ?", 2).Update(&user2); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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if _, err := session.Exec("delete from userinfo where username = ?", user2.Username); err != nil {
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return err
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}
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// add Commit() after all actions
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return session.Commit()
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```
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* 事务的简写方法
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```Go
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res, err := engine.Transaction(func(session *xorm.Session) (interface{}, error) {
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user1 := Userinfo{Username: "xiaoxiao", Departname: "dev", Alias: "lunny", Created: time.Now()}
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if _, err := session.Insert(&user1); err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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user2 := Userinfo{Username: "yyy"}
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if _, err := session.Where("id = ?", 2).Update(&user2); err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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if _, err := session.Exec("delete from userinfo where username = ?", user2.Username); err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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return nil, nil
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})
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```
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* 上下文缓存,如果启用,那么针对单个对象的查询将会被缓存到系统中,可以被下一个查询使用。
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```Go
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sess := engine.NewSession()
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defer sess.Close()
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var context = xorm.NewMemoryContextCache()
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var c2 ContextGetStruct
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has, err := sess.ID(1).ContextCache(context).Get(&c2)
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assert.NoError(t, err)
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assert.True(t, has)
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assert.EqualValues(t, 1, c2.Id)
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assert.EqualValues(t, "1", c2.Name)
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sql, args := sess.LastSQL()
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assert.True(t, len(sql) > 0)
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assert.True(t, len(args) > 0)
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var c3 ContextGetStruct
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has, err = sess.ID(1).ContextCache(context).Get(&c3)
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assert.NoError(t, err)
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assert.True(t, has)
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assert.EqualValues(t, 1, c3.Id)
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assert.EqualValues(t, "1", c3.Name)
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sql, args = sess.LastSQL()
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assert.True(t, len(sql) == 0)
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assert.True(t, len(args) == 0)
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```
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## 贡献
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如果您也想为Xorm贡献您的力量,请查看 [CONTRIBUTING](https://gitea.com/xorm/xorm/src/branch/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)。您也可以加入QQ群 技术帮助和讨论。
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群一:280360085 (已满)
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群二:795010183
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## Credits
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### Contributors
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感谢所有的贡献者. [[Contribute](CONTRIBUTING.md)].
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<a href="graphs/contributors"><img src="https://opencollective.com/xorm/contributors.svg?width=890&button=false" /></a>
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### Backers
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感谢我们所有的 backers! 🙏 [[成为 backer](https://opencollective.com/xorm#backer)]
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<a href="https://opencollective.com/xorm#backers" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/xorm/backers.svg?width=890"></a>
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### Sponsors
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成为 sponsor 来支持 xorm。您的 logo 将会被显示并被链接到您的网站。 [[成为 sponsor](https://opencollective.com/xorm#sponsor)]
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# 案例
|
||
|
||
* [Gitea](http://gitea.io) - [github.com/go-gitea/gitea](http://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
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|
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* [Gogs](http://try.gogits.org) - [github.com/gogits/gogs](http://github.com/gogits/gogs)
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* [grafana](https://grafana.com/) - [github.com/grafana/grafana](http://github.com/grafana/grafana)
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* [Go语言中文网](http://studygolang.com/) - [github.com/studygolang/studygolang](https://github.com/studygolang/studygolang)
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* [github.com/m3ng9i/qreader](https://github.com/m3ng9i/qreader)
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* [Wego](http://github.com/go-tango/wego)
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||
* [Docker.cn](https://docker.cn/)
|
||
|
||
* [Xorm Adapter](https://github.com/casbin/xorm-adapter) for [Casbin](https://github.com/casbin/casbin) - [github.com/casbin/xorm-adapter](https://github.com/casbin/xorm-adapter)
|
||
|
||
* [Gowalker](http://gowalker.org) - [github.com/Unknwon/gowalker](http://github.com/Unknwon/gowalker)
|
||
|
||
* [Gobuild.io](http://gobuild.io) - [github.com/shxsun/gobuild](http://github.com/shxsun/gobuild)
|
||
|
||
* [Sudo China](http://sudochina.com) - [github.com/insionng/toropress](http://github.com/insionng/toropress)
|
||
|
||
* [Godaily](http://godaily.org) - [github.com/govc/godaily](http://github.com/govc/godaily)
|
||
|
||
* [YouGam](http://www.yougam.com/)
|
||
|
||
* [GoCMS - github.com/zzboy/GoCMS](https://github.com/zzdboy/GoCMS)
|
||
|
||
* [GoBBS - gobbs.domolo.com](http://gobbs.domolo.com/)
|
||
|
||
* [go-blog](http://wangcheng.me) - [github.com/easykoo/go-blog](https://github.com/easykoo/go-blog)
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 更新日志
|
||
|
||
请访问 [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) 获得更新日志。
|
||
|
||
## LICENSE
|
||
|
||
BSD License
|
||
[http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BSD/](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BSD/)
|