postgresql/src/backend/catalog/dependency.c

/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * dependency.c
 *	  Routines to support inter-object dependencies.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2022, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * IDENTIFICATION
 *	  src/backend/catalog/dependency.c
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#include "postgres.h"

#include "access/genam.h"
#include "access/htup_details.h"
#include "access/table.h"
#include "access/xact.h"
#include "catalog/catalog.h"
#include "catalog/dependency.h"
#include "catalog/heap.h"
#include "catalog/index.h"
#include "catalog/objectaccess.h"
#include "catalog/pg_am.h"
#include "catalog/pg_amop.h"
#include "catalog/pg_amproc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_attrdef.h"
#include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
#include "catalog/pg_cast.h"
#include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
#include "catalog/pg_constraint.h"
#include "catalog/pg_conversion.h"
#include "catalog/pg_database.h"
#include "catalog/pg_default_acl.h"
#include "catalog/pg_depend.h"
#include "catalog/pg_event_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_extension.h"
#include "catalog/pg_foreign_data_wrapper.h"
#include "catalog/pg_foreign_server.h"
#include "catalog/pg_init_privs.h"
#include "catalog/pg_language.h"
#include "catalog/pg_largeobject.h"
#include "catalog/pg_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opclass.h"
#include "catalog/pg_operator.h"
#include "catalog/pg_opfamily.h"
#include "catalog/pg_parameter_acl.h"
#include "catalog/pg_policy.h"
#include "catalog/pg_proc.h"
#include "catalog/pg_publication.h"
#include "catalog/pg_publication_namespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_publication_rel.h"
#include "catalog/pg_rewrite.h"
#include "catalog/pg_statistic_ext.h"
#include "catalog/pg_subscription.h"
#include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
#include "catalog/pg_transform.h"
#include "catalog/pg_trigger.h"
#include "catalog/pg_ts_config.h"
#include "catalog/pg_ts_dict.h"
#include "catalog/pg_ts_parser.h"
#include "catalog/pg_ts_template.h"
#include "catalog/pg_type.h"
#include "catalog/pg_user_mapping.h"
#include "commands/comment.h"
#include "commands/defrem.h"
#include "commands/event_trigger.h"
#include "commands/extension.h"
#include "commands/policy.h"
#include "commands/publicationcmds.h"
#include "commands/seclabel.h"
#include "commands/sequence.h"
#include "commands/trigger.h"
#include "commands/typecmds.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "nodes/nodeFuncs.h"
#include "parser/parsetree.h"
#include "rewrite/rewriteRemove.h"
#include "storage/lmgr.h"
#include "utils/acl.h"
#include "utils/fmgroids.h"
#include "utils/guc.h"
#include "utils/lsyscache.h"
#include "utils/syscache.h"


/*
 * Deletion processing requires additional state for each ObjectAddress that
 * it's planning to delete.  For simplicity and code-sharing we make the
 * ObjectAddresses code support arrays with or without this extra state.
 */
typedef struct
{
	int			flags;			/* bitmask, see bit definitions below */
	ObjectAddress dependee;		/* object whose deletion forced this one */
} ObjectAddressExtra;

/* ObjectAddressExtra flag bits */
#define DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL	0x0001	/* an original deletion target */
#define DEPFLAG_NORMAL		0x0002	/* reached via normal dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_AUTO		0x0004	/* reached via auto dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_INTERNAL	0x0008	/* reached via internal dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_PARTITION	0x0010	/* reached via partition dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_EXTENSION	0x0020	/* reached via extension dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_REVERSE		0x0040	/* reverse internal/extension link */
#define DEPFLAG_IS_PART		0x0080	/* has a partition dependency */
#define DEPFLAG_SUBOBJECT	0x0100	/* subobject of another deletable object */


/* expansible list of ObjectAddresses */
struct ObjectAddresses
{
	ObjectAddress *refs;		/* => palloc'd array */
	ObjectAddressExtra *extras; /* => palloc'd array, or NULL if not used */
	int			numrefs;		/* current number of references */
	int			maxrefs;		/* current size of palloc'd array(s) */
};

/* typedef ObjectAddresses appears in dependency.h */

/* threaded list of ObjectAddresses, for recursion detection */
typedef struct ObjectAddressStack
{
	const ObjectAddress *object;	/* object being visited */
	int			flags;			/* its current flag bits */
	struct ObjectAddressStack *next;	/* next outer stack level */
} ObjectAddressStack;

/* temporary storage in findDependentObjects */
typedef struct
{
	ObjectAddress obj;			/* object to be deleted --- MUST BE FIRST */
	int			subflags;		/* flags to pass down when recursing to obj */
} ObjectAddressAndFlags;

/* for find_expr_references_walker */
typedef struct
{
	ObjectAddresses *addrs;		/* addresses being accumulated */
	List	   *rtables;		/* list of rangetables to resolve Vars */
} find_expr_references_context;

/*
 * This constant table maps ObjectClasses to the corresponding catalog OIDs.
 * See also getObjectClass().
 */
static const Oid object_classes[] = {
	RelationRelationId,			/* OCLASS_CLASS */
	ProcedureRelationId,		/* OCLASS_PROC */
	TypeRelationId,				/* OCLASS_TYPE */
	CastRelationId,				/* OCLASS_CAST */
	CollationRelationId,		/* OCLASS_COLLATION */
	ConstraintRelationId,		/* OCLASS_CONSTRAINT */
	ConversionRelationId,		/* OCLASS_CONVERSION */
	AttrDefaultRelationId,		/* OCLASS_DEFAULT */
	LanguageRelationId,			/* OCLASS_LANGUAGE */
	LargeObjectRelationId,		/* OCLASS_LARGEOBJECT */
	OperatorRelationId,			/* OCLASS_OPERATOR */
	OperatorClassRelationId,	/* OCLASS_OPCLASS */
	OperatorFamilyRelationId,	/* OCLASS_OPFAMILY */
	AccessMethodRelationId,		/* OCLASS_AM */
	AccessMethodOperatorRelationId, /* OCLASS_AMOP */
	AccessMethodProcedureRelationId,	/* OCLASS_AMPROC */
	RewriteRelationId,			/* OCLASS_REWRITE */
	TriggerRelationId,			/* OCLASS_TRIGGER */
	NamespaceRelationId,		/* OCLASS_SCHEMA */
	StatisticExtRelationId,		/* OCLASS_STATISTIC_EXT */
	TSParserRelationId,			/* OCLASS_TSPARSER */
	TSDictionaryRelationId,		/* OCLASS_TSDICT */
	TSTemplateRelationId,		/* OCLASS_TSTEMPLATE */
	TSConfigRelationId,			/* OCLASS_TSCONFIG */
	AuthIdRelationId,			/* OCLASS_ROLE */
	DatabaseRelationId,			/* OCLASS_DATABASE */
	TableSpaceRelationId,		/* OCLASS_TBLSPACE */
	ForeignDataWrapperRelationId,	/* OCLASS_FDW */
	ForeignServerRelationId,	/* OCLASS_FOREIGN_SERVER */
	UserMappingRelationId,		/* OCLASS_USER_MAPPING */
	DefaultAclRelationId,		/* OCLASS_DEFACL */
	ExtensionRelationId,		/* OCLASS_EXTENSION */
	EventTriggerRelationId,		/* OCLASS_EVENT_TRIGGER */
	ParameterAclRelationId,		/* OCLASS_PARAMETER_ACL */
	PolicyRelationId,			/* OCLASS_POLICY */
	PublicationNamespaceRelationId, /* OCLASS_PUBLICATION_NAMESPACE */
	PublicationRelationId,		/* OCLASS_PUBLICATION */
	PublicationRelRelationId,	/* OCLASS_PUBLICATION_REL */
	SubscriptionRelationId,		/* OCLASS_SUBSCRIPTION */
	TransformRelationId			/* OCLASS_TRANSFORM */
};


static void findDependentObjects(const ObjectAddress *object,
								 int objflags,
								 int flags,
								 ObjectAddressStack *stack,
								 ObjectAddresses *targetObjects,
								 const ObjectAddresses *pendingObjects,
								 Relation *depRel);
static void reportDependentObjects(const ObjectAddresses *targetObjects,
								   DropBehavior behavior,
								   int flags,
								   const ObjectAddress *origObject);
static void deleteOneObject(const ObjectAddress *object,
							Relation *depRel, int32 flags);
static void doDeletion(const ObjectAddress *object, int flags);
static bool find_expr_references_walker(Node *node,
										find_expr_references_context *context);
static void process_function_rte_ref(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum,
									 find_expr_references_context *context);
static void eliminate_duplicate_dependencies(ObjectAddresses *addrs);
static int	object_address_comparator(const void *a, const void *b);
static void add_object_address(ObjectClass oclass, Oid objectId, int32 subId,
							   ObjectAddresses *addrs);
static void add_exact_object_address_extra(const ObjectAddress *object,
										   const ObjectAddressExtra *extra,
										   ObjectAddresses *addrs);
static bool object_address_present_add_flags(const ObjectAddress *object,
											 int flags,
											 ObjectAddresses *addrs);
static bool stack_address_present_add_flags(const ObjectAddress *object,
											int flags,
											ObjectAddressStack *stack);
static void DeleteInitPrivs(const ObjectAddress *object);


/*
 * Go through the objects given running the final actions on them, and execute
 * the actual deletion.
 */
static void
deleteObjectsInList(ObjectAddresses *targetObjects, Relation *depRel,
					int flags)
{
	int			i;

	/*
	 * Keep track of objects for event triggers, if necessary.
	 */
	if (trackDroppedObjectsNeeded() && !(flags & PERFORM_DELETION_INTERNAL))
	{
		for (i = 0; i < targetObjects->numrefs; i++)
		{
			const ObjectAddress *thisobj = &targetObjects->refs[i];
			const ObjectAddressExtra *extra = &targetObjects->extras[i];
			bool		original = false;
			bool		normal = false;

			if (extra->flags & DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL)
				original = true;
			if (extra->flags & DEPFLAG_NORMAL)
				normal = true;
			if (extra->flags & DEPFLAG_REVERSE)
				normal = true;

			if (EventTriggerSupportsObjectClass(getObjectClass(thisobj)))
			{
				EventTriggerSQLDropAddObject(thisobj, original, normal);
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Delete all the objects in the proper order, except that if told to, we
	 * should skip the original object(s).
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < targetObjects->numrefs; i++)
	{
		ObjectAddress *thisobj = targetObjects->refs + i;
		ObjectAddressExtra *thisextra = targetObjects->extras + i;

		if ((flags & PERFORM_DELETION_SKIP_ORIGINAL) &&
			(thisextra->flags & DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL))
			continue;

		deleteOneObject(thisobj, depRel, flags);
	}
}

/*
 * performDeletion: attempt to drop the specified object.  If CASCADE
 * behavior is specified, also drop any dependent objects (recursively).
 * If RESTRICT behavior is specified, error out if there are any dependent
 * objects, except for those that should be implicitly dropped anyway
 * according to the dependency type.
 *
 * This is the outer control routine for all forms of DROP that drop objects
 * that can participate in dependencies.  Note that performMultipleDeletions
 * is a variant on the same theme; if you change anything here you'll likely
 * need to fix that too.
 *
 * Bits in the flags argument can include:
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_INTERNAL: indicates that the drop operation is not the
 * direct result of a user-initiated action.  For example, when a temporary
 * schema is cleaned out so that a new backend can use it, or when a column
 * default is dropped as an intermediate step while adding a new one, that's
 * an internal operation.  On the other hand, when we drop something because
 * the user issued a DROP statement against it, that's not internal. Currently
 * this suppresses calling event triggers and making some permissions checks.
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY: perform the drop concurrently.  This does
 * not currently work for anything except dropping indexes; don't set it for
 * other object types or you may get strange results.
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_QUIETLY: reduce message level from NOTICE to DEBUG2.
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_SKIP_ORIGINAL: do not delete the specified object(s),
 * but only what depends on it/them.
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_SKIP_EXTENSIONS: do not delete extensions, even when
 * deleting objects that are part of an extension.  This should generally
 * be used only when dropping temporary objects.
 *
 * PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENT_LOCK: perform the drop normally but with a lock
 * as if it were concurrent.  This is used by REINDEX CONCURRENTLY.
 *
 */
void
performDeletion(const ObjectAddress *object,
				DropBehavior behavior, int flags)
{
	Relation	depRel;
	ObjectAddresses *targetObjects;

	/*
	 * We save some cycles by opening pg_depend just once and passing the
	 * Relation pointer down to all the recursive deletion steps.
	 */
	depRel = table_open(DependRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * Acquire deletion lock on the target object.  (Ideally the caller has
	 * done this already, but many places are sloppy about it.)
	 */
	AcquireDeletionLock(object, 0);

	/*
	 * Construct a list of objects to delete (ie, the given object plus
	 * everything directly or indirectly dependent on it).
	 */
	targetObjects = new_object_addresses();

	findDependentObjects(object,
						 DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL,
						 flags,
						 NULL,	/* empty stack */
						 targetObjects,
						 NULL,	/* no pendingObjects */
						 &depRel);

	/*
	 * Check if deletion is allowed, and report about cascaded deletes.
	 */
	reportDependentObjects(targetObjects,
						   behavior,
						   flags,
						   object);

	/* do the deed */
	deleteObjectsInList(targetObjects, &depRel, flags);

	/* And clean up */
	free_object_addresses(targetObjects);

	table_close(depRel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * performMultipleDeletions: Similar to performDeletion, but act on multiple
 * objects at once.
 *
 * The main difference from issuing multiple performDeletion calls is that the
 * list of objects that would be implicitly dropped, for each object to be
 * dropped, is the union of the implicit-object list for all objects.  This
 * makes each check be more relaxed.
 */
void
performMultipleDeletions(const ObjectAddresses *objects,
						 DropBehavior behavior, int flags)
{
	Relation	depRel;
	ObjectAddresses *targetObjects;
	int			i;

	/* No work if no objects... */
	if (objects->numrefs <= 0)
		return;

	/*
	 * We save some cycles by opening pg_depend just once and passing the
	 * Relation pointer down to all the recursive deletion steps.
	 */
	depRel = table_open(DependRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * Construct a list of objects to delete (ie, the given objects plus
	 * everything directly or indirectly dependent on them).  Note that
	 * because we pass the whole objects list as pendingObjects context, we
	 * won't get a failure from trying to delete an object that is internally
	 * dependent on another one in the list; we'll just skip that object and
	 * delete it when we reach its owner.
	 */
	targetObjects = new_object_addresses();

	for (i = 0; i < objects->numrefs; i++)
	{
		const ObjectAddress *thisobj = objects->refs + i;

		/*
		 * Acquire deletion lock on each target object.  (Ideally the caller
		 * has done this already, but many places are sloppy about it.)
		 */
		AcquireDeletionLock(thisobj, flags);

		findDependentObjects(thisobj,
							 DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL,
							 flags,
							 NULL,	/* empty stack */
							 targetObjects,
							 objects,
							 &depRel);
	}

	/*
	 * Check if deletion is allowed, and report about cascaded deletes.
	 *
	 * If there's exactly one object being deleted, report it the same way as
	 * in performDeletion(), else we have to be vaguer.
	 */
	reportDependentObjects(targetObjects,
						   behavior,
						   flags,
						   (objects->numrefs == 1 ? objects->refs : NULL));

	/* do the deed */
	deleteObjectsInList(targetObjects, &depRel, flags);

	/* And clean up */
	free_object_addresses(targetObjects);

	table_close(depRel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * findDependentObjects - find all objects that depend on 'object'
 *
 * For every object that depends on the starting object, acquire a deletion
 * lock on the object, add it to targetObjects (if not already there),
 * and recursively find objects that depend on it.  An object's dependencies
 * will be placed into targetObjects before the object itself; this means
 * that the finished list's order represents a safe deletion order.
 *
 * The caller must already have a deletion lock on 'object' itself,
 * but must not have added it to targetObjects.  (Note: there are corner
 * cases where we won't add the object either, and will also release the
 * caller-taken lock.  This is a bit ugly, but the API is set up this way
 * to allow easy rechecking of an object's liveness after we lock it.  See
 * notes within the function.)
 *
 * When dropping a whole object (subId = 0), we find dependencies for
 * its sub-objects too.
 *
 *	object: the object to add to targetObjects and find dependencies on
 *	objflags: flags to be ORed into the object's targetObjects entry
 *	flags: PERFORM_DELETION_xxx flags for the deletion operation as a whole
 *	stack: list of objects being visited in current recursion; topmost item
 *			is the object that we recursed from (NULL for external callers)
 *	targetObjects: list of objects that are scheduled to be deleted
 *	pendingObjects: list of other objects slated for destruction, but
 *			not necessarily in targetObjects yet (can be NULL if none)
 *	*depRel: already opened pg_depend relation
 *
 * Note: objflags describes the reason for visiting this particular object
 * at this time, and is not passed down when recursing.  The flags argument
 * is passed down, since it describes what we're doing overall.
 */
static void
findDependentObjects(const ObjectAddress *object,
					 int objflags,
					 int flags,
					 ObjectAddressStack *stack,
					 ObjectAddresses *targetObjects,
					 const ObjectAddresses *pendingObjects,
					 Relation *depRel)
{
	ScanKeyData key[3];
	int			nkeys;
	SysScanDesc scan;
	HeapTuple	tup;
	ObjectAddress otherObject;
	ObjectAddress owningObject;
	ObjectAddress partitionObject;
	ObjectAddressAndFlags *dependentObjects;
	int			numDependentObjects;
	int			maxDependentObjects;
	ObjectAddressStack mystack;
	ObjectAddressExtra extra;

	/*
	 * If the target object is already being visited in an outer recursion
	 * level, just report the current objflags back to that level and exit.
	 * This is needed to avoid infinite recursion in the face of circular
	 * dependencies.
	 *
	 * The stack check alone would result in dependency loops being broken at
	 * an arbitrary point, ie, the first member object of the loop to be
	 * visited is the last one to be deleted.  This is obviously unworkable.
	 * However, the check for internal dependency below guarantees that we
	 * will not break a loop at an internal dependency: if we enter the loop
	 * at an "owned" object we will switch and start at the "owning" object
	 * instead.  We could probably hack something up to avoid breaking at an
	 * auto dependency, too, if we had to.  However there are no known cases
	 * where that would be necessary.
	 */
	if (stack_address_present_add_flags(object, objflags, stack))
		return;

	/*
	 * It's also possible that the target object has already been completely
	 * processed and put into targetObjects.  If so, again we just add the
	 * specified objflags to its entry and return.
	 *
	 * (Note: in these early-exit cases we could release the caller-taken
	 * lock, since the object is presumably now locked multiple times; but it
	 * seems not worth the cycles.)
	 */
	if (object_address_present_add_flags(object, objflags, targetObjects))
		return;

	/*
	 * If the target object is pinned, we can just error out immediately; it
	 * won't have any objects recorded as depending on it.
	 */
	if (IsPinnedObject(object->classId, object->objectId))
		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST),
				 errmsg("cannot drop %s because it is required by the database system",
						getObjectDescription(object, false))));

	/*
	 * The target object might be internally dependent on some other object
	 * (its "owner"), and/or be a member of an extension (also considered its
	 * owner).  If so, and if we aren't recursing from the owning object, we
	 * have to transform this deletion request into a deletion request of the
	 * owning object.  (We'll eventually recurse back to this object, but the
	 * owning object has to be visited first so it will be deleted after.) The
	 * way to find out about this is to scan the pg_depend entries that show
	 * what this object depends on.
	 */
	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_depend_classid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->classId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[1],
				Anum_pg_depend_objid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
	if (object->objectSubId != 0)
	{
		/* Consider only dependencies of this sub-object */
		ScanKeyInit(&key[2],
					Anum_pg_depend_objsubid,
					BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_INT4EQ,
					Int32GetDatum(object->objectSubId));
		nkeys = 3;
	}
	else
	{
		/* Consider dependencies of this object and any sub-objects it has */
		nkeys = 2;
	}

	scan = systable_beginscan(*depRel, DependDependerIndexId, true,
							  NULL, nkeys, key);

	/* initialize variables that loop may fill */
	memset(&owningObject, 0, sizeof(owningObject));
	memset(&partitionObject, 0, sizeof(partitionObject));

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tup = systable_getnext(scan)))
	{
		Form_pg_depend foundDep = (Form_pg_depend) GETSTRUCT(tup);

		otherObject.classId = foundDep->refclassid;
		otherObject.objectId = foundDep->refobjid;
		otherObject.objectSubId = foundDep->refobjsubid;

		/*
		 * When scanning dependencies of a whole object, we may find rows
		 * linking sub-objects of the object to the object itself.  (Normally,
		 * such a dependency is implicit, but we must make explicit ones in
		 * some cases involving partitioning.)  We must ignore such rows to
		 * avoid infinite recursion.
		 */
		if (otherObject.classId == object->classId &&
			otherObject.objectId == object->objectId &&
			object->objectSubId == 0)
			continue;

		switch (foundDep->deptype)
		{
			case DEPENDENCY_NORMAL:
			case DEPENDENCY_AUTO:
			case DEPENDENCY_AUTO_EXTENSION:
				/* no problem */
				break;

			case DEPENDENCY_EXTENSION:

				/*
				 * If told to, ignore EXTENSION dependencies altogether.  This
				 * flag is normally used to prevent dropping extensions during
				 * temporary-object cleanup, even if a temp object was created
				 * during an extension script.
				 */
				if (flags & PERFORM_DELETION_SKIP_EXTENSIONS)
					break;

				/*
				 * If the other object is the extension currently being
				 * created/altered, ignore this dependency and continue with
				 * the deletion.  This allows dropping of an extension's
				 * objects within the extension's scripts, as well as corner
				 * cases such as dropping a transient object created within
				 * such a script.
				 */
				if (creating_extension &&
					otherObject.classId == ExtensionRelationId &&
					otherObject.objectId == CurrentExtensionObject)
					break;

				/* Otherwise, treat this like an internal dependency */
				/* FALL THRU */

			case DEPENDENCY_INTERNAL:

				/*
				 * This object is part of the internal implementation of
				 * another object, or is part of the extension that is the
				 * other object.  We have three cases:
				 *
				 * 1. At the outermost recursion level, we must disallow the
				 * DROP.  However, if the owning object is listed in
				 * pendingObjects, just release the caller's lock and return;
				 * we'll eventually complete the DROP when we reach that entry
				 * in the pending list.
				 *
				 * Note: the above statement is true only if this pg_depend
				 * entry still exists by then; in principle, therefore, we
				 * could miss deleting an item the user told us to delete.
				 * However, no inconsistency can result: since we're at outer
				 * level, there is no object depending on this one.
				 */
				if (stack == NULL)
				{
					if (pendingObjects &&
						object_address_present(&otherObject, pendingObjects))
					{
						systable_endscan(scan);
						/* need to release caller's lock; see notes below */
						ReleaseDeletionLock(object);
						return;
					}

					/*
					 * We postpone actually issuing the error message until
					 * after this loop, so that we can make the behavior
					 * independent of the ordering of pg_depend entries, at
					 * least if there's not more than one INTERNAL and one
					 * EXTENSION dependency.  (If there's more, we'll complain
					 * about a random one of them.)  Prefer to complain about
					 * EXTENSION, since that's generally a more important
					 * dependency.
					 */
					if (!OidIsValid(owningObject.classId) ||
						foundDep->deptype == DEPENDENCY_EXTENSION)
						owningObject = otherObject;
					break;
				}

				/*
				 * 2. When recursing from the other end of this dependency,
				 * it's okay to continue with the deletion.  This holds when
				 * recursing from a whole object that includes the nominal
				 * other end as a component, too.  Since there can be more
				 * than one "owning" object, we have to allow matches that are
				 * more than one level down in the stack.
				 */
				if (stack_address_present_add_flags(&otherObject, 0, stack))
					break;

				/*
				 * 3. Not all the owning objects have been visited, so
				 * transform this deletion request into a delete of this
				 * owning object.
				 *
				 * First, release caller's lock on this object and get
				 * deletion lock on the owning object.  (We must release
				 * caller's lock to avoid deadlock against a concurrent
				 * deletion of the owning object.)
				 */
				ReleaseDeletionLock(object);
				AcquireDeletionLock(&otherObject, 0);

				/*
				 * The owning object might have been deleted while we waited
				 * to lock it; if so, neither it nor the current object are
				 * interesting anymore.  We test this by checking the
				 * pg_depend entry (see notes below).
				 */
				if (!systable_recheck_tuple(scan, tup))
				{
					systable_endscan(scan);
					ReleaseDeletionLock(&otherObject);
					return;
				}

				/*
				 * One way or the other, we're done with the scan; might as
				 * well close it down before recursing, to reduce peak
				 * resource consumption.
				 */
				systable_endscan(scan);

				/*
				 * Okay, recurse to the owning object instead of proceeding.
				 *
				 * We do not need to stack the current object; we want the
				 * traversal order to be as if the original reference had
				 * linked to the owning object instead of this one.
				 *
				 * The dependency type is a "reverse" dependency: we need to
				 * delete the owning object if this one is to be deleted, but
				 * this linkage is never a reason for an automatic deletion.
				 */
				findDependentObjects(&otherObject,
									 DEPFLAG_REVERSE,
									 flags,
									 stack,
									 targetObjects,
									 pendingObjects,
									 depRel);

				/*
				 * The current target object should have been added to
				 * targetObjects while processing the owning object; but it
				 * probably got only the flag bits associated with the
				 * dependency we're looking at.  We need to add the objflags
				 * that were passed to this recursion level, too, else we may
				 * get a bogus failure in reportDependentObjects (if, for
				 * example, we were called due to a partition dependency).
				 *
				 * If somehow the current object didn't get scheduled for
				 * deletion, bleat.  (That would imply that somebody deleted
				 * this dependency record before the recursion got to it.)
				 * Another idea would be to reacquire lock on the current
				 * object and resume trying to delete it, but it seems not
				 * worth dealing with the race conditions inherent in that.
				 */
				if (!object_address_present_add_flags(object, objflags,
													  targetObjects))
					elog(ERROR, "deletion of owning object %s failed to delete %s",
						 getObjectDescription(&otherObject, false),
						 getObjectDescription(object, false));

				/* And we're done here. */
				return;

			case DEPENDENCY_PARTITION_PRI:

				/*
				 * Remember that this object has a partition-type dependency.
				 * After the dependency scan, we'll complain if we didn't find
				 * a reason to delete one of its partition dependencies.
				 */
				objflags |= DEPFLAG_IS_PART;

				/*
				 * Also remember the primary partition owner, for error
				 * messages.  If there are multiple primary owners (which
				 * there should not be), we'll report a random one of them.
				 */
				partitionObject = otherObject;
				break;

			case DEPENDENCY_PARTITION_SEC:

				/*
				 * Only use secondary partition owners in error messages if we
				 * find no primary owner (which probably shouldn't happen).
				 */
				if (!(objflags & DEPFLAG_IS_PART))
					partitionObject = otherObject;

				/*
				 * Remember that this object has a partition-type dependency.
				 * After the dependency scan, we'll complain if we didn't find
				 * a reason to delete one of its partition dependencies.
				 */
				objflags |= DEPFLAG_IS_PART;
				break;

			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized dependency type '%c' for %s",
					 foundDep->deptype, getObjectDescription(object, false));
				break;
		}
	}

	systable_endscan(scan);

	/*
	 * If we found an INTERNAL or EXTENSION dependency when we're at outer
	 * level, complain about it now.  If we also found a PARTITION dependency,
	 * we prefer to report the PARTITION dependency.  This is arbitrary but
	 * seems to be more useful in practice.
	 */
	if (OidIsValid(owningObject.classId))
	{
		char	   *otherObjDesc;

		if (OidIsValid(partitionObject.classId))
			otherObjDesc = getObjectDescription(&partitionObject, false);
		else
			otherObjDesc = getObjectDescription(&owningObject, false);

		ereport(ERROR,
				(errcode(ERRCODE_DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST),
				 errmsg("cannot drop %s because %s requires it",
						getObjectDescription(object, false), otherObjDesc),
				 errhint("You can drop %s instead.", otherObjDesc)));
	}

	/*
	 * Next, identify all objects that directly depend on the current object.
	 * To ensure predictable deletion order, we collect them up in
	 * dependentObjects and sort the list before actually recursing.  (The
	 * deletion order would be valid in any case, but doing this ensures
	 * consistent output from DROP CASCADE commands, which is helpful for
	 * regression testing.)
	 */
	maxDependentObjects = 128;	/* arbitrary initial allocation */
	dependentObjects = (ObjectAddressAndFlags *)
		palloc(maxDependentObjects * sizeof(ObjectAddressAndFlags));
	numDependentObjects = 0;

	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_depend_refclassid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->classId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[1],
				Anum_pg_depend_refobjid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
	if (object->objectSubId != 0)
	{
		ScanKeyInit(&key[2],
					Anum_pg_depend_refobjsubid,
					BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_INT4EQ,
					Int32GetDatum(object->objectSubId));
		nkeys = 3;
	}
	else
		nkeys = 2;

	scan = systable_beginscan(*depRel, DependReferenceIndexId, true,
							  NULL, nkeys, key);

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tup = systable_getnext(scan)))
	{
		Form_pg_depend foundDep = (Form_pg_depend) GETSTRUCT(tup);
		int			subflags;

		otherObject.classId = foundDep->classid;
		otherObject.objectId = foundDep->objid;
		otherObject.objectSubId = foundDep->objsubid;

		/*
		 * If what we found is a sub-object of the current object, just ignore
		 * it.  (Normally, such a dependency is implicit, but we must make
		 * explicit ones in some cases involving partitioning.)
		 */
		if (otherObject.classId == object->classId &&
			otherObject.objectId == object->objectId &&
			object->objectSubId == 0)
			continue;

		/*
		 * Must lock the dependent object before recursing to it.
		 */
		AcquireDeletionLock(&otherObject, 0);

		/*
		 * The dependent object might have been deleted while we waited to
		 * lock it; if so, we don't need to do anything more with it. We can
		 * test this cheaply and independently of the object's type by seeing
		 * if the pg_depend tuple we are looking at is still live. (If the
		 * object got deleted, the tuple would have been deleted too.)
		 */
		if (!systable_recheck_tuple(scan, tup))
		{
			/* release the now-useless lock */
			ReleaseDeletionLock(&otherObject);
			/* and continue scanning for dependencies */
			continue;
		}

		/*
		 * We do need to delete it, so identify objflags to be passed down,
		 * which depend on the dependency type.
		 */
		switch (foundDep->deptype)
		{
			case DEPENDENCY_NORMAL:
				subflags = DEPFLAG_NORMAL;
				break;
			case DEPENDENCY_AUTO:
			case DEPENDENCY_AUTO_EXTENSION:
				subflags = DEPFLAG_AUTO;
				break;
			case DEPENDENCY_INTERNAL:
				subflags = DEPFLAG_INTERNAL;
				break;
			case DEPENDENCY_PARTITION_PRI:
			case DEPENDENCY_PARTITION_SEC:
				subflags = DEPFLAG_PARTITION;
				break;
			case DEPENDENCY_EXTENSION:
				subflags = DEPFLAG_EXTENSION;
				break;
			default:
				elog(ERROR, "unrecognized dependency type '%c' for %s",
					 foundDep->deptype, getObjectDescription(object, false));
				subflags = 0;	/* keep compiler quiet */
				break;
		}

		/* And add it to the pending-objects list */
		if (numDependentObjects >= maxDependentObjects)
		{
			/* enlarge array if needed */
			maxDependentObjects *= 2;
			dependentObjects = (ObjectAddressAndFlags *)
				repalloc(dependentObjects,
						 maxDependentObjects * sizeof(ObjectAddressAndFlags));
		}

		dependentObjects[numDependentObjects].obj = otherObject;
		dependentObjects[numDependentObjects].subflags = subflags;
		numDependentObjects++;
	}

	systable_endscan(scan);

	/*
	 * Now we can sort the dependent objects into a stable visitation order.
	 * It's safe to use object_address_comparator here since the obj field is
	 * first within ObjectAddressAndFlags.
	 */
	if (numDependentObjects > 1)
		qsort((void *) dependentObjects, numDependentObjects,
			  sizeof(ObjectAddressAndFlags),
			  object_address_comparator);

	/*
	 * Now recurse to the dependent objects.  We must visit them first since
	 * they have to be deleted before the current object.
	 */
	mystack.object = object;	/* set up a new stack level */
	mystack.flags = objflags;
	mystack.next = stack;

	for (int i = 0; i < numDependentObjects; i++)
	{
		ObjectAddressAndFlags *depObj = dependentObjects + i;

		findDependentObjects(&depObj->obj,
							 depObj->subflags,
							 flags,
							 &mystack,
							 targetObjects,
							 pendingObjects,
							 depRel);
	}

	pfree(dependentObjects);

	/*
	 * Finally, we can add the target object to targetObjects.  Be careful to
	 * include any flags that were passed back down to us from inner recursion
	 * levels.  Record the "dependee" as being either the most important
	 * partition owner if there is one, else the object we recursed from, if
	 * any.  (The logic in reportDependentObjects() is such that it can only
	 * need one of those objects.)
	 */
	extra.flags = mystack.flags;
	if (extra.flags & DEPFLAG_IS_PART)
		extra.dependee = partitionObject;
	else if (stack)
		extra.dependee = *stack->object;
	else
		memset(&extra.dependee, 0, sizeof(extra.dependee));
	add_exact_object_address_extra(object, &extra, targetObjects);
}

/*
 * reportDependentObjects - report about dependencies, and fail if RESTRICT
 *
 * Tell the user about dependent objects that we are going to delete
 * (or would need to delete, but are prevented by RESTRICT mode);
 * then error out if there are any and it's not CASCADE mode.
 *
 *	targetObjects: list of objects that are scheduled to be deleted
 *	behavior: RESTRICT or CASCADE
 *	flags: other flags for the deletion operation
 *	origObject: base object of deletion, or NULL if not available
 *		(the latter case occurs in DROP OWNED)
 */
static void
reportDependentObjects(const ObjectAddresses *targetObjects,
					   DropBehavior behavior,
					   int flags,
					   const ObjectAddress *origObject)
{
	int			msglevel = (flags & PERFORM_DELETION_QUIETLY) ? DEBUG2 : NOTICE;
	bool		ok = true;
	StringInfoData clientdetail;
	StringInfoData logdetail;
	int			numReportedClient = 0;
	int			numNotReportedClient = 0;
	int			i;

	/*
	 * If we need to delete any partition-dependent objects, make sure that
	 * we're deleting at least one of their partition dependencies, too. That
	 * can be detected by checking that we reached them by a PARTITION
	 * dependency at some point.
	 *
	 * We just report the first such object, as in most cases the only way to
	 * trigger this complaint is to explicitly try to delete one partition of
	 * a partitioned object.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < targetObjects->numrefs; i++)
	{
		const ObjectAddressExtra *extra = &targetObjects->extras[i];

		if ((extra->flags & DEPFLAG_IS_PART) &&
			!(extra->flags & DEPFLAG_PARTITION))
		{
			const ObjectAddress *object = &targetObjects->refs[i];
			char	   *otherObjDesc = getObjectDescription(&extra->dependee,
															false);

			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST),
					 errmsg("cannot drop %s because %s requires it",
							getObjectDescription(object, false), otherObjDesc),
					 errhint("You can drop %s instead.", otherObjDesc)));
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If no error is to be thrown, and the msglevel is too low to be shown to
	 * either client or server log, there's no need to do any of the rest of
	 * the work.
	 */
	if (behavior == DROP_CASCADE &&
		!message_level_is_interesting(msglevel))
		return;

	/*
	 * We limit the number of dependencies reported to the client to
	 * MAX_REPORTED_DEPS, since client software may not deal well with
	 * enormous error strings.  The server log always gets a full report.
	 */
#define MAX_REPORTED_DEPS 100

	initStringInfo(&clientdetail);
	initStringInfo(&logdetail);

	/*
	 * We process the list back to front (ie, in dependency order not deletion
	 * order), since this makes for a more understandable display.
	 */
	for (i = targetObjects->numrefs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		const ObjectAddress *obj = &targetObjects->refs[i];
		const ObjectAddressExtra *extra = &targetObjects->extras[i];
		char	   *objDesc;

		/* Ignore the original deletion target(s) */
		if (extra->flags & DEPFLAG_ORIGINAL)
			continue;

		/* Also ignore sub-objects; we'll report the whole object elsewhere */
		if (extra->flags & DEPFLAG_SUBOBJECT)
			continue;

		objDesc = getObjectDescription(obj, false);

		/* An object being dropped concurrently doesn't need to be reported */
		if (objDesc == NULL)
			continue;

		/*
		 * If, at any stage of the recursive search, we reached the object via
		 * an AUTO, INTERNAL, PARTITION, or EXTENSION dependency, then it's
		 * okay to delete it even in RESTRICT mode.
		 */
		if (extra->flags & (DEPFLAG_AUTO |
							DEPFLAG_INTERNAL |
							DEPFLAG_PARTITION |
							DEPFLAG_EXTENSION))
		{
			/*
			 * auto-cascades are reported at DEBUG2, not msglevel.  We don't
			 * try to combine them with the regular message because the
			 * results are too confusing when client_min_messages and
			 * log_min_messages are different.
			 */
			ereport(DEBUG2,
					(errmsg_internal("drop auto-cascades to %s",
									 objDesc)));
		}
		else if (behavior == DROP_RESTRICT)
		{
			char	   *otherDesc = getObjectDescription(&extra->dependee,
														 false);

			if (otherDesc)
			{
				if (numReportedClient < MAX_REPORTED_DEPS)
				{
					/* separate entries with a newline */
					if (clientdetail.len != 0)
						appendStringInfoChar(&clientdetail, '\n');
					appendStringInfo(&clientdetail, _("%s depends on %s"),
									 objDesc, otherDesc);
					numReportedClient++;
				}
				else
					numNotReportedClient++;
				/* separate entries with a newline */
				if (logdetail.len != 0)
					appendStringInfoChar(&logdetail, '\n');
				appendStringInfo(&logdetail, _("%s depends on %s"),
								 objDesc, otherDesc);
				pfree(otherDesc);
			}
			else
				numNotReportedClient++;
			ok = false;
		}
		else
		{
			if (numReportedClient < MAX_REPORTED_DEPS)
			{
				/* separate entries with a newline */
				if (clientdetail.len != 0)
					appendStringInfoChar(&clientdetail, '\n');
				appendStringInfo(&clientdetail, _("drop cascades to %s"),
								 objDesc);
				numReportedClient++;
			}
			else
				numNotReportedClient++;
			/* separate entries with a newline */
			if (logdetail.len != 0)
				appendStringInfoChar(&logdetail, '\n');
			appendStringInfo(&logdetail, _("drop cascades to %s"),
							 objDesc);
		}

		pfree(objDesc);
	}

	if (numNotReportedClient > 0)
		appendStringInfo(&clientdetail, ngettext("\nand %d other object "
												 "(see server log for list)",
												 "\nand %d other objects "
												 "(see server log for list)",
												 numNotReportedClient),
						 numNotReportedClient);

	if (!ok)
	{
		if (origObject)
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST),
					 errmsg("cannot drop %s because other objects depend on it",
							getObjectDescription(origObject, false)),
					 errdetail("%s", clientdetail.data),
					 errdetail_log("%s", logdetail.data),
					 errhint("Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.")));
		else
			ereport(ERROR,
					(errcode(ERRCODE_DEPENDENT_OBJECTS_STILL_EXIST),
					 errmsg("cannot drop desired object(s) because other objects depend on them"),
					 errdetail("%s", clientdetail.data),
					 errdetail_log("%s", logdetail.data),
					 errhint("Use DROP ... CASCADE to drop the dependent objects too.")));
	}
	else if (numReportedClient > 1)
	{
		ereport(msglevel,
				(errmsg_plural("drop cascades to %d other object",
							   "drop cascades to %d other objects",
							   numReportedClient + numNotReportedClient,
							   numReportedClient + numNotReportedClient),
				 errdetail("%s", clientdetail.data),
				 errdetail_log("%s", logdetail.data)));
	}
	else if (numReportedClient == 1)
	{
		/* we just use the single item as-is */
		ereport(msglevel,
				(errmsg_internal("%s", clientdetail.data)));
	}

	pfree(clientdetail.data);
	pfree(logdetail.data);
}

/*
 * Drop an object by OID.  Works for most catalogs, if no special processing
 * is needed.
 */
static void
DropObjectById(const ObjectAddress *object)
{
	int			cacheId;
	Relation	rel;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	cacheId = get_object_catcache_oid(object->classId);

	rel = table_open(object->classId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * Use the system cache for the oid column, if one exists.
	 */
	if (cacheId >= 0)
	{
		tup = SearchSysCache1(cacheId, ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
			elog(ERROR, "cache lookup failed for %s %u",
				 get_object_class_descr(object->classId), object->objectId);

		CatalogTupleDelete(rel, &tup->t_self);

		ReleaseSysCache(tup);
	}
	else
	{
		ScanKeyData skey[1];
		SysScanDesc scan;

		ScanKeyInit(&skey[0],
					get_object_attnum_oid(object->classId),
					BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
					ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));

		scan = systable_beginscan(rel, get_object_oid_index(object->classId), true,
								  NULL, 1, skey);

		/* we expect exactly one match */
		tup = systable_getnext(scan);
		if (!HeapTupleIsValid(tup))
			elog(ERROR, "could not find tuple for %s %u",
				 get_object_class_descr(object->classId), object->objectId);

		CatalogTupleDelete(rel, &tup->t_self);

		systable_endscan(scan);
	}

	table_close(rel, RowExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * deleteOneObject: delete a single object for performDeletion.
 *
 * *depRel is the already-open pg_depend relation.
 */
static void
deleteOneObject(const ObjectAddress *object, Relation *depRel, int flags)
{
	ScanKeyData key[3];
	int			nkeys;
	SysScanDesc scan;
	HeapTuple	tup;

	/* DROP hook of the objects being removed */
	InvokeObjectDropHookArg(object->classId, object->objectId,
							object->objectSubId, flags);

	/*
	 * Close depRel if we are doing a drop concurrently.  The object deletion
	 * subroutine will commit the current transaction, so we can't keep the
	 * relation open across doDeletion().
	 */
	if (flags & PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY)
		table_close(*depRel, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * Delete the object itself, in an object-type-dependent way.
	 *
	 * We used to do this after removing the outgoing dependency links, but it
	 * seems just as reasonable to do it beforehand.  In the concurrent case
	 * we *must* do it in this order, because we can't make any transactional
	 * updates before calling doDeletion() --- they'd get committed right
	 * away, which is not cool if the deletion then fails.
	 */
	doDeletion(object, flags);

	/*
	 * Reopen depRel if we closed it above
	 */
	if (flags & PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY)
		*depRel = table_open(DependRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	/*
	 * Now remove any pg_depend records that link from this object to others.
	 * (Any records linking to this object should be gone already.)
	 *
	 * When dropping a whole object (subId = 0), remove all pg_depend records
	 * for its sub-objects too.
	 */
	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_depend_classid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->classId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[1],
				Anum_pg_depend_objid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
	if (object->objectSubId != 0)
	{
		ScanKeyInit(&key[2],
					Anum_pg_depend_objsubid,
					BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_INT4EQ,
					Int32GetDatum(object->objectSubId));
		nkeys = 3;
	}
	else
		nkeys = 2;

	scan = systable_beginscan(*depRel, DependDependerIndexId, true,
							  NULL, nkeys, key);

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(tup = systable_getnext(scan)))
	{
		CatalogTupleDelete(*depRel, &tup->t_self);
	}

	systable_endscan(scan);

	/*
	 * Delete shared dependency references related to this object.  Again, if
	 * subId = 0, remove records for sub-objects too.
	 */
	deleteSharedDependencyRecordsFor(object->classId, object->objectId,
									 object->objectSubId);


	/*
	 * Delete any comments, security labels, or initial privileges associated
	 * with this object.  (This is a convenient place to do these things,
	 * rather than having every object type know to do it.)
	 */
	DeleteComments(object->objectId, object->classId, object->objectSubId);
	DeleteSecurityLabel(object);
	DeleteInitPrivs(object);

	/*
	 * CommandCounterIncrement here to ensure that preceding changes are all
	 * visible to the next deletion step.
	 */
	CommandCounterIncrement();

	/*
	 * And we're done!
	 */
}

/*
 * doDeletion: actually delete a single object
 */
static void
doDeletion(const ObjectAddress *object, int flags)
{
	switch (getObjectClass(object))
	{
		case OCLASS_CLASS:
			{
				char		relKind = get_rel_relkind(object->objectId);

				if (relKind == RELKIND_INDEX ||
					relKind == RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX)
				{
					bool		concurrent = ((flags & PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY) != 0);
					bool		concurrent_lock_mode = ((flags & PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENT_LOCK) != 0);

					Assert(object->objectSubId == 0);
					index_drop(object->objectId, concurrent, concurrent_lock_mode);
				}
				else
				{
					if (object->objectSubId != 0)
						RemoveAttributeById(object->objectId,
											object->objectSubId);
					else
						heap_drop_with_catalog(object->objectId);
				}

				/*
				 * for a sequence, in addition to dropping the heap, also
				 * delete pg_sequence tuple
				 */
				if (relKind == RELKIND_SEQUENCE)
					DeleteSequenceTuple(object->objectId);
				break;
			}

		case OCLASS_PROC:
			RemoveFunctionById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_TYPE:
			RemoveTypeById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_CONSTRAINT:
			RemoveConstraintById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_DEFAULT:
			RemoveAttrDefaultById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_LARGEOBJECT:
			LargeObjectDrop(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_OPERATOR:
			RemoveOperatorById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_REWRITE:
			RemoveRewriteRuleById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_TRIGGER:
			RemoveTriggerById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_STATISTIC_EXT:
			RemoveStatisticsById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_TSCONFIG:
			RemoveTSConfigurationById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_EXTENSION:
			RemoveExtensionById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_POLICY:
			RemovePolicyById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_PUBLICATION_NAMESPACE:
			RemovePublicationSchemaById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_PUBLICATION_REL:
			RemovePublicationRelById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_PUBLICATION:
			RemovePublicationById(object->objectId);
			break;

		case OCLASS_CAST:
		case OCLASS_COLLATION:
		case OCLASS_CONVERSION:
		case OCLASS_LANGUAGE:
		case OCLASS_OPCLASS:
		case OCLASS_OPFAMILY:
		case OCLASS_AM:
		case OCLASS_AMOP:
		case OCLASS_AMPROC:
		case OCLASS_SCHEMA:
		case OCLASS_TSPARSER:
		case OCLASS_TSDICT:
		case OCLASS_TSTEMPLATE:
		case OCLASS_FDW:
		case OCLASS_FOREIGN_SERVER:
		case OCLASS_USER_MAPPING:
		case OCLASS_DEFACL:
		case OCLASS_EVENT_TRIGGER:
		case OCLASS_TRANSFORM:
			DropObjectById(object);
			break;

			/*
			 * These global object types are not supported here.
			 */
		case OCLASS_ROLE:
		case OCLASS_DATABASE:
		case OCLASS_TBLSPACE:
		case OCLASS_SUBSCRIPTION:
		case OCLASS_PARAMETER_ACL:
			elog(ERROR, "global objects cannot be deleted by doDeletion");
			break;

			/*
			 * There's intentionally no default: case here; we want the
			 * compiler to warn if a new OCLASS hasn't been handled above.
			 */
	}
}

/*
 * AcquireDeletionLock - acquire a suitable lock for deleting an object
 *
 * Accepts the same flags as performDeletion (though currently only
 * PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY does anything).
 *
 * We use LockRelation for relations, LockDatabaseObject for everything
 * else.  Shared-across-databases objects are not currently supported
 * because no caller cares, but could be modified to use LockSharedObject.
 */
void
AcquireDeletionLock(const ObjectAddress *object, int flags)
{
	if (object->classId == RelationRelationId)
	{
		/*
		 * In DROP INDEX CONCURRENTLY, take only ShareUpdateExclusiveLock on
		 * the index for the moment.  index_drop() will promote the lock once
		 * it's safe to do so.  In all other cases we need full exclusive
		 * lock.
		 */
		if (flags & PERFORM_DELETION_CONCURRENTLY)
			LockRelationOid(object->objectId, ShareUpdateExclusiveLock);
		else
			LockRelationOid(object->objectId, AccessExclusiveLock);
	}
	else
	{
		/* assume we should lock the whole object not a sub-object */
		LockDatabaseObject(object->classId, object->objectId, 0,
						   AccessExclusiveLock);
	}
}

/*
 * ReleaseDeletionLock - release an object deletion lock
 *
 * Companion to AcquireDeletionLock.
 */
void
ReleaseDeletionLock(const ObjectAddress *object)
{
	if (object->classId == RelationRelationId)
		UnlockRelationOid(object->objectId, AccessExclusiveLock);
	else
		/* assume we should lock the whole object not a sub-object */
		UnlockDatabaseObject(object->classId, object->objectId, 0,
							 AccessExclusiveLock);
}

/*
 * recordDependencyOnExpr - find expression dependencies
 *
 * This is used to find the dependencies of rules, constraint expressions,
 * etc.
 *
 * Given an expression or query in node-tree form, find all the objects
 * it refers to (tables, columns, operators, functions, etc).  Record
 * a dependency of the specified type from the given depender object
 * to each object mentioned in the expression.
 *
 * rtable is the rangetable to be used to interpret Vars with varlevelsup=0.
 * It can be NIL if no such variables are expected.
 */
void
recordDependencyOnExpr(const ObjectAddress *depender,
					   Node *expr, List *rtable,
					   DependencyType behavior)
{
	find_expr_references_context context;

	context.addrs = new_object_addresses();

	/* Set up interpretation for Vars at varlevelsup = 0 */
	context.rtables = list_make1(rtable);

	/* Scan the expression tree for referenceable objects */
	find_expr_references_walker(expr, &context);

	/* Remove any duplicates */
	eliminate_duplicate_dependencies(context.addrs);

	/* And record 'em */
	recordMultipleDependencies(depender,
							   context.addrs->refs, context.addrs->numrefs,
							   behavior);

	free_object_addresses(context.addrs);
}

/*
 * recordDependencyOnSingleRelExpr - find expression dependencies
 *
 * As above, but only one relation is expected to be referenced (with
 * varno = 1 and varlevelsup = 0).  Pass the relation OID instead of a
 * range table.  An additional frammish is that dependencies on that
 * relation's component columns will be marked with 'self_behavior',
 * whereas 'behavior' is used for everything else; also, if 'reverse_self'
 * is true, those dependencies are reversed so that the columns are made
 * to depend on the table not vice versa.
 *
 * NOTE: the caller should ensure that a whole-table dependency on the
 * specified relation is created separately, if one is needed.  In particular,
 * a whole-row Var "relation.*" will not cause this routine to emit any
 * dependency item.  This is appropriate behavior for subexpressions of an
 * ordinary query, so other cases need to cope as necessary.
 */
void
recordDependencyOnSingleRelExpr(const ObjectAddress *depender,
								Node *expr, Oid relId,
								DependencyType behavior,
								DependencyType self_behavior,
								bool reverse_self)
{
	find_expr_references_context context;
	RangeTblEntry rte = {0};

	context.addrs = new_object_addresses();

	/* We gin up a rather bogus rangetable list to handle Vars */
	rte.type = T_RangeTblEntry;
	rte.rtekind = RTE_RELATION;
	rte.relid = relId;
	rte.relkind = RELKIND_RELATION; /* no need for exactness here */
	rte.rellockmode = AccessShareLock;

	context.rtables = list_make1(list_make1(&rte));

	/* Scan the expression tree for referenceable objects */
	find_expr_references_walker(expr, &context);

	/* Remove any duplicates */
	eliminate_duplicate_dependencies(context.addrs);

	/* Separate self-dependencies if necessary */
	if ((behavior != self_behavior || reverse_self) &&
		context.addrs->numrefs > 0)
	{
		ObjectAddresses *self_addrs;
		ObjectAddress *outobj;
		int			oldref,
					outrefs;

		self_addrs = new_object_addresses();

		outobj = context.addrs->refs;
		outrefs = 0;
		for (oldref = 0; oldref < context.addrs->numrefs; oldref++)
		{
			ObjectAddress *thisobj = context.addrs->refs + oldref;

			if (thisobj->classId == RelationRelationId &&
				thisobj->objectId == relId)
			{
				/* Move this ref into self_addrs */
				add_exact_object_address(thisobj, self_addrs);
			}
			else
			{
				/* Keep it in context.addrs */
				*outobj = *thisobj;
				outobj++;
				outrefs++;
			}
		}
		context.addrs->numrefs = outrefs;

		/* Record the self-dependencies with the appropriate direction */
		if (!reverse_self)
			recordMultipleDependencies(depender,
									   self_addrs->refs, self_addrs->numrefs,
									   self_behavior);
		else
		{
			/* Can't use recordMultipleDependencies, so do it the hard way */
			int			selfref;

			for (selfref = 0; selfref < self_addrs->numrefs; selfref++)
			{
				ObjectAddress *thisobj = self_addrs->refs + selfref;

				recordDependencyOn(thisobj, depender, self_behavior);
			}
		}

		free_object_addresses(self_addrs);
	}

	/* Record the external dependencies */
	recordMultipleDependencies(depender,
							   context.addrs->refs, context.addrs->numrefs,
							   behavior);

	free_object_addresses(context.addrs);
}

/*
 * Recursively search an expression tree for object references.
 *
 * Note: in many cases we do not need to create dependencies on the datatypes
 * involved in an expression, because we'll have an indirect dependency via
 * some other object.  For instance Var nodes depend on a column which depends
 * on the datatype, and OpExpr nodes depend on the operator which depends on
 * the datatype.  However we do need a type dependency if there is no such
 * indirect dependency, as for example in Const and CoerceToDomain nodes.
 *
 * Similarly, we don't need to create dependencies on collations except where
 * the collation is being freshly introduced to the expression.
 */
static bool
find_expr_references_walker(Node *node,
							find_expr_references_context *context)
{
	if (node == NULL)
		return false;
	if (IsA(node, Var))
	{
		Var		   *var = (Var *) node;
		List	   *rtable;
		RangeTblEntry *rte;

		/* Find matching rtable entry, or complain if not found */
		if (var->varlevelsup >= list_length(context->rtables))
			elog(ERROR, "invalid varlevelsup %d", var->varlevelsup);
		rtable = (List *) list_nth(context->rtables, var->varlevelsup);
		if (var->varno <= 0 || var->varno > list_length(rtable))
			elog(ERROR, "invalid varno %d", var->varno);
		rte = rt_fetch(var->varno, rtable);

		/*
		 * A whole-row Var references no specific columns, so adds no new
		 * dependency.  (We assume that there is a whole-table dependency
		 * arising from each underlying rangetable entry.  While we could
		 * record such a dependency when finding a whole-row Var that
		 * references a relation directly, it's quite unclear how to extend
		 * that to whole-row Vars for JOINs, so it seems better to leave the
		 * responsibility with the range table.  Note that this poses some
		 * risks for identifying dependencies of stand-alone expressions:
		 * whole-table references may need to be created separately.)
		 */
		if (var->varattno == InvalidAttrNumber)
			return false;
		if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
		{
			/* If it's a plain relation, reference this column */
			add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, rte->relid, var->varattno,
							   context->addrs);
		}
		else if (rte->rtekind == RTE_FUNCTION)
		{
			/* Might need to add a dependency on a composite type's column */
			/* (done out of line, because it's a bit bulky) */
			process_function_rte_ref(rte, var->varattno, context);
		}

		/*
		 * Vars referencing other RTE types require no additional work.  In
		 * particular, a join alias Var can be ignored, because it must
		 * reference a merged USING column.  The relevant join input columns
		 * will also be referenced in the join qual, and any type coercion
		 * functions involved in the alias expression will be dealt with when
		 * we scan the RTE itself.
		 */
		return false;
	}
	else if (IsA(node, Const))
	{
		Const	   *con = (Const *) node;
		Oid			objoid;

		/* A constant must depend on the constant's datatype */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, con->consttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);

		/*
		 * We must also depend on the constant's collation: it could be
		 * different from the datatype's, if a CollateExpr was const-folded to
		 * a simple constant.  However we can save work in the most common
		 * case where the collation is "default", since we know that's pinned.
		 */
		if (OidIsValid(con->constcollid) &&
			con->constcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, con->constcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);

		/*
		 * If it's a regclass or similar literal referring to an existing
		 * object, add a reference to that object.  (Currently, only the
		 * regclass and regconfig cases have any likely use, but we may as
		 * well handle all the OID-alias datatypes consistently.)
		 */
		if (!con->constisnull)
		{
			switch (con->consttype)
			{
				case REGPROCOID:
				case REGPROCEDUREOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(PROCOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGOPEROID:
				case REGOPERATOROID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(OPEROID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGCLASSOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(RELOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGTYPEOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(TYPEOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGCOLLATIONOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(COLLOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGCONFIGOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(TSCONFIGOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_TSCONFIG, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;
				case REGDICTIONARYOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(TSDICTOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_TSDICT, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;

				case REGNAMESPACEOID:
					objoid = DatumGetObjectId(con->constvalue);
					if (SearchSysCacheExists1(NAMESPACEOID,
											  ObjectIdGetDatum(objoid)))
						add_object_address(OCLASS_SCHEMA, objoid, 0,
										   context->addrs);
					break;

					/*
					 * Dependencies for regrole should be shared among all
					 * databases, so explicitly inhibit to have dependencies.
					 */
				case REGROLEOID:
					ereport(ERROR,
							(errcode(ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED),
							 errmsg("constant of the type %s cannot be used here",
									"regrole")));
					break;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
	else if (IsA(node, Param))
	{
		Param	   *param = (Param *) node;

		/* A parameter must depend on the parameter's datatype */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, param->paramtype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* and its collation, just as for Consts */
		if (OidIsValid(param->paramcollid) &&
			param->paramcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, param->paramcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, FuncExpr))
	{
		FuncExpr   *funcexpr = (FuncExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, funcexpr->funcid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, OpExpr))
	{
		OpExpr	   *opexpr = (OpExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, opexpr->opno, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, DistinctExpr))
	{
		DistinctExpr *distinctexpr = (DistinctExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, distinctexpr->opno, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, NullIfExpr))
	{
		NullIfExpr *nullifexpr = (NullIfExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, nullifexpr->opno, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, ScalarArrayOpExpr))
	{
		ScalarArrayOpExpr *opexpr = (ScalarArrayOpExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, opexpr->opno, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, Aggref))
	{
		Aggref	   *aggref = (Aggref *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, aggref->aggfnoid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, WindowFunc))
	{
		WindowFunc *wfunc = (WindowFunc *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, wfunc->winfnoid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, SubscriptingRef))
	{
		SubscriptingRef *sbsref = (SubscriptingRef *) node;

		/*
		 * The refexpr should provide adequate dependency on refcontainertype,
		 * and that type in turn depends on refelemtype.  However, a custom
		 * subscripting handler might set refrestype to something different
		 * from either of those, in which case we'd better record it.
		 */
		if (sbsref->refrestype != sbsref->refcontainertype &&
			sbsref->refrestype != sbsref->refelemtype)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, sbsref->refrestype, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, SubPlan))
	{
		/* Extra work needed here if we ever need this case */
		elog(ERROR, "already-planned subqueries not supported");
	}
	else if (IsA(node, FieldSelect))
	{
		FieldSelect *fselect = (FieldSelect *) node;
		Oid			argtype = getBaseType(exprType((Node *) fselect->arg));
		Oid			reltype = get_typ_typrelid(argtype);

		/*
		 * We need a dependency on the specific column named in FieldSelect,
		 * assuming we can identify the pg_class OID for it.  (Probably we
		 * always can at the moment, but in future it might be possible for
		 * argtype to be RECORDOID.)  If we can make a column dependency then
		 * we shouldn't need a dependency on the column's type; but if we
		 * can't, make a dependency on the type, as it might not appear
		 * anywhere else in the expression.
		 */
		if (OidIsValid(reltype))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, reltype, fselect->fieldnum,
							   context->addrs);
		else
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, fselect->resulttype, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* the collation might not be referenced anywhere else, either */
		if (OidIsValid(fselect->resultcollid) &&
			fselect->resultcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, fselect->resultcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, FieldStore))
	{
		FieldStore *fstore = (FieldStore *) node;
		Oid			reltype = get_typ_typrelid(fstore->resulttype);

		/* similar considerations to FieldSelect, but multiple column(s) */
		if (OidIsValid(reltype))
		{
			ListCell   *l;

			foreach(l, fstore->fieldnums)
				add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, reltype, lfirst_int(l),
								   context->addrs);
		}
		else
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, fstore->resulttype, 0,
							   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, RelabelType))
	{
		RelabelType *relab = (RelabelType *) node;

		/* since there is no function dependency, need to depend on type */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, relab->resulttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* the collation might not be referenced anywhere else, either */
		if (OidIsValid(relab->resultcollid) &&
			relab->resultcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, relab->resultcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, CoerceViaIO))
	{
		CoerceViaIO *iocoerce = (CoerceViaIO *) node;

		/* since there is no exposed function, need to depend on type */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, iocoerce->resulttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* the collation might not be referenced anywhere else, either */
		if (OidIsValid(iocoerce->resultcollid) &&
			iocoerce->resultcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, iocoerce->resultcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, ArrayCoerceExpr))
	{
		ArrayCoerceExpr *acoerce = (ArrayCoerceExpr *) node;

		/* as above, depend on type */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, acoerce->resulttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* the collation might not be referenced anywhere else, either */
		if (OidIsValid(acoerce->resultcollid) &&
			acoerce->resultcollid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, acoerce->resultcollid, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, ConvertRowtypeExpr))
	{
		ConvertRowtypeExpr *cvt = (ConvertRowtypeExpr *) node;

		/* since there is no function dependency, need to depend on type */
		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, cvt->resulttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, CollateExpr))
	{
		CollateExpr *coll = (CollateExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, coll->collOid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, RowExpr))
	{
		RowExpr    *rowexpr = (RowExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, rowexpr->row_typeid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, RowCompareExpr))
	{
		RowCompareExpr *rcexpr = (RowCompareExpr *) node;
		ListCell   *l;

		foreach(l, rcexpr->opnos)
		{
			add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, lfirst_oid(l), 0,
							   context->addrs);
		}
		foreach(l, rcexpr->opfamilies)
		{
			add_object_address(OCLASS_OPFAMILY, lfirst_oid(l), 0,
							   context->addrs);
		}
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, CoerceToDomain))
	{
		CoerceToDomain *cd = (CoerceToDomain *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, cd->resulttype, 0,
						   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, NextValueExpr))
	{
		NextValueExpr *nve = (NextValueExpr *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, nve->seqid, 0,
						   context->addrs);
	}
	else if (IsA(node, OnConflictExpr))
	{
		OnConflictExpr *onconflict = (OnConflictExpr *) node;

		if (OidIsValid(onconflict->constraint))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_CONSTRAINT, onconflict->constraint, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, SortGroupClause))
	{
		SortGroupClause *sgc = (SortGroupClause *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, sgc->eqop, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		if (OidIsValid(sgc->sortop))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, sgc->sortop, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		return false;
	}
	else if (IsA(node, WindowClause))
	{
		WindowClause *wc = (WindowClause *) node;

		if (OidIsValid(wc->startInRangeFunc))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, wc->startInRangeFunc, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		if (OidIsValid(wc->endInRangeFunc))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, wc->endInRangeFunc, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		if (OidIsValid(wc->inRangeColl) &&
			wc->inRangeColl != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, wc->inRangeColl, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine substructure */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, CTECycleClause))
	{
		CTECycleClause *cc = (CTECycleClause *) node;

		if (OidIsValid(cc->cycle_mark_type))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, cc->cycle_mark_type, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		if (OidIsValid(cc->cycle_mark_collation))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, cc->cycle_mark_collation, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		if (OidIsValid(cc->cycle_mark_neop))
			add_object_address(OCLASS_OPERATOR, cc->cycle_mark_neop, 0,
							   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine substructure */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, Query))
	{
		/* Recurse into RTE subquery or not-yet-planned sublink subquery */
		Query	   *query = (Query *) node;
		ListCell   *lc;
		bool		result;

		/*
		 * Add whole-relation refs for each plain relation mentioned in the
		 * subquery's rtable, and ensure we add refs for any type-coercion
		 * functions used in join alias lists.
		 *
		 * Note: query_tree_walker takes care of recursing into RTE_FUNCTION
		 * RTEs, subqueries, etc, so no need to do that here.  But we must
		 * tell it not to visit join alias lists, or we'll add refs for join
		 * input columns whether or not they are actually used in our query.
		 *
		 * Note: we don't need to worry about collations mentioned in
		 * RTE_VALUES or RTE_CTE RTEs, because those must just duplicate
		 * collations referenced in other parts of the Query.  We do have to
		 * worry about collations mentioned in RTE_FUNCTION, but we take care
		 * of those when we recurse to the RangeTblFunction node(s).
		 */
		foreach(lc, query->rtable)
		{
			RangeTblEntry *rte = (RangeTblEntry *) lfirst(lc);

			switch (rte->rtekind)
			{
				case RTE_RELATION:
					add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, rte->relid, 0,
									   context->addrs);
					break;
				case RTE_JOIN:

					/*
					 * Examine joinaliasvars entries only for merged JOIN
					 * USING columns.  Only those entries could contain
					 * type-coercion functions.  Also, their join input
					 * columns must be referenced in the join quals, so this
					 * won't accidentally add refs to otherwise-unused join
					 * input columns.  (We want to ref the type coercion
					 * functions even if the merged column isn't explicitly
					 * used anywhere, to protect possible expansion of the
					 * join RTE as a whole-row var, and because it seems like
					 * a bad idea to allow dropping a function that's present
					 * in our query tree, whether or not it could get called.)
					 */
					context->rtables = lcons(query->rtable, context->rtables);
					for (int i = 0; i < rte->joinmergedcols; i++)
					{
						Node	   *aliasvar = list_nth(rte->joinaliasvars, i);

						if (!IsA(aliasvar, Var))
							find_expr_references_walker(aliasvar, context);
					}
					context->rtables = list_delete_first(context->rtables);
					break;
				default:
					break;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * If the query is an INSERT or UPDATE, we should create a dependency
		 * on each target column, to prevent the specific target column from
		 * being dropped.  Although we will visit the TargetEntry nodes again
		 * during query_tree_walker, we won't have enough context to do this
		 * conveniently, so do it here.
		 */
		if (query->commandType == CMD_INSERT ||
			query->commandType == CMD_UPDATE)
		{
			RangeTblEntry *rte;

			if (query->resultRelation <= 0 ||
				query->resultRelation > list_length(query->rtable))
				elog(ERROR, "invalid resultRelation %d",
					 query->resultRelation);
			rte = rt_fetch(query->resultRelation, query->rtable);
			if (rte->rtekind == RTE_RELATION)
			{
				foreach(lc, query->targetList)
				{
					TargetEntry *tle = (TargetEntry *) lfirst(lc);

					if (tle->resjunk)
						continue;	/* ignore junk tlist items */
					add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, rte->relid, tle->resno,
									   context->addrs);
				}
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Add dependencies on constraints listed in query's constraintDeps
		 */
		foreach(lc, query->constraintDeps)
		{
			add_object_address(OCLASS_CONSTRAINT, lfirst_oid(lc), 0,
							   context->addrs);
		}

		/* Examine substructure of query */
		context->rtables = lcons(query->rtable, context->rtables);
		result = query_tree_walker(query,
								   find_expr_references_walker,
								   (void *) context,
								   QTW_IGNORE_JOINALIASES |
								   QTW_EXAMINE_SORTGROUP);
		context->rtables = list_delete_first(context->rtables);
		return result;
	}
	else if (IsA(node, SetOperationStmt))
	{
		SetOperationStmt *setop = (SetOperationStmt *) node;

		/* we need to look at the groupClauses for operator references */
		find_expr_references_walker((Node *) setop->groupClauses, context);
		/* fall through to examine child nodes */
	}
	else if (IsA(node, RangeTblFunction))
	{
		RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) node;
		ListCell   *ct;

		/*
		 * Add refs for any datatypes and collations used in a column
		 * definition list for a RECORD function.  (For other cases, it should
		 * be enough to depend on the function itself.)
		 */
		foreach(ct, rtfunc->funccoltypes)
		{
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, lfirst_oid(ct), 0,
							   context->addrs);
		}
		foreach(ct, rtfunc->funccolcollations)
		{
			Oid			collid = lfirst_oid(ct);

			if (OidIsValid(collid) && collid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
				add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, collid, 0,
								   context->addrs);
		}
	}
	else if (IsA(node, TableFunc))
	{
		TableFunc  *tf = (TableFunc *) node;
		ListCell   *ct;

		/*
		 * Add refs for the datatypes and collations used in the TableFunc.
		 */
		foreach(ct, tf->coltypes)
		{
			add_object_address(OCLASS_TYPE, lfirst_oid(ct), 0,
							   context->addrs);
		}
		foreach(ct, tf->colcollations)
		{
			Oid			collid = lfirst_oid(ct);

			if (OidIsValid(collid) && collid != DEFAULT_COLLATION_OID)
				add_object_address(OCLASS_COLLATION, collid, 0,
								   context->addrs);
		}
	}
	else if (IsA(node, TableSampleClause))
	{
		TableSampleClause *tsc = (TableSampleClause *) node;

		add_object_address(OCLASS_PROC, tsc->tsmhandler, 0,
						   context->addrs);
		/* fall through to examine arguments */
	}

	return expression_tree_walker(node, find_expr_references_walker,
								  (void *) context);
}

/*
 * find_expr_references_walker subroutine: handle a Var reference
 * to an RTE_FUNCTION RTE
 */
static void
process_function_rte_ref(RangeTblEntry *rte, AttrNumber attnum,
						 find_expr_references_context *context)
{
	int			atts_done = 0;
	ListCell   *lc;

	/*
	 * Identify which RangeTblFunction produces this attnum, and see if it
	 * returns a composite type.  If so, we'd better make a dependency on the
	 * referenced column of the composite type (or actually, of its associated
	 * relation).
	 */
	foreach(lc, rte->functions)
	{
		RangeTblFunction *rtfunc = (RangeTblFunction *) lfirst(lc);

		if (attnum > atts_done &&
			attnum <= atts_done + rtfunc->funccolcount)
		{
			TupleDesc	tupdesc;

			tupdesc = get_expr_result_tupdesc(rtfunc->funcexpr, true);
			if (tupdesc && tupdesc->tdtypeid != RECORDOID)
			{
				/*
				 * Named composite type, so individual columns could get
				 * dropped.  Make a dependency on this specific column.
				 */
				Oid			reltype = get_typ_typrelid(tupdesc->tdtypeid);

				Assert(attnum - atts_done <= tupdesc->natts);
				if (OidIsValid(reltype))	/* can this fail? */
					add_object_address(OCLASS_CLASS, reltype,
									   attnum - atts_done,
									   context->addrs);
				return;
			}
			/* Nothing to do; function's result type is handled elsewhere */
			return;
		}
		atts_done += rtfunc->funccolcount;
	}

	/* If we get here, must be looking for the ordinality column */
	if (rte->funcordinality && attnum == atts_done + 1)
		return;

	/* this probably can't happen ... */
	ereport(ERROR,
			(errcode(ERRCODE_UNDEFINED_COLUMN),
			 errmsg("column %d of relation \"%s\" does not exist",
					attnum, rte->eref->aliasname)));
}

/*
 * Given an array of dependency references, eliminate any duplicates.
 */
static void
eliminate_duplicate_dependencies(ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	ObjectAddress *priorobj;
	int			oldref,
				newrefs;

	/*
	 * We can't sort if the array has "extra" data, because there's no way to
	 * keep it in sync.  Fortunately that combination of features is not
	 * needed.
	 */
	Assert(!addrs->extras);

	if (addrs->numrefs <= 1)
		return;					/* nothing to do */

	/* Sort the refs so that duplicates are adjacent */
	qsort((void *) addrs->refs, addrs->numrefs, sizeof(ObjectAddress),
		  object_address_comparator);

	/* Remove dups */
	priorobj = addrs->refs;
	newrefs = 1;
	for (oldref = 1; oldref < addrs->numrefs; oldref++)
	{
		ObjectAddress *thisobj = addrs->refs + oldref;

		if (priorobj->classId == thisobj->classId &&
			priorobj->objectId == thisobj->objectId)
		{
			if (priorobj->objectSubId == thisobj->objectSubId)
				continue;		/* identical, so drop thisobj */

			/*
			 * If we have a whole-object reference and a reference to a part
			 * of the same object, we don't need the whole-object reference
			 * (for example, we don't need to reference both table foo and
			 * column foo.bar).  The whole-object reference will always appear
			 * first in the sorted list.
			 */
			if (priorobj->objectSubId == 0)
			{
				/* replace whole ref with partial */
				priorobj->objectSubId = thisobj->objectSubId;
				continue;
			}
		}
		/* Not identical, so add thisobj to output set */
		priorobj++;
		*priorobj = *thisobj;
		newrefs++;
	}

	addrs->numrefs = newrefs;
}

/*
 * qsort comparator for ObjectAddress items
 */
static int
object_address_comparator(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	const ObjectAddress *obja = (const ObjectAddress *) a;
	const ObjectAddress *objb = (const ObjectAddress *) b;

	/*
	 * Primary sort key is OID descending.  Most of the time, this will result
	 * in putting newer objects before older ones, which is likely to be the
	 * right order to delete in.
	 */
	if (obja->objectId > objb->objectId)
		return -1;
	if (obja->objectId < objb->objectId)
		return 1;

	/*
	 * Next sort on catalog ID, in case identical OIDs appear in different
	 * catalogs.  Sort direction is pretty arbitrary here.
	 */
	if (obja->classId < objb->classId)
		return -1;
	if (obja->classId > objb->classId)
		return 1;

	/*
	 * Last, sort on object subId.
	 *
	 * We sort the subId as an unsigned int so that 0 (the whole object) will
	 * come first.  This is essential for eliminate_duplicate_dependencies,
	 * and is also the best order for findDependentObjects.
	 */
	if ((unsigned int) obja->objectSubId < (unsigned int) objb->objectSubId)
		return -1;
	if ((unsigned int) obja->objectSubId > (unsigned int) objb->objectSubId)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Routines for handling an expansible array of ObjectAddress items.
 *
 * new_object_addresses: create a new ObjectAddresses array.
 */
ObjectAddresses *
new_object_addresses(void)
{
	ObjectAddresses *addrs;

	addrs = palloc(sizeof(ObjectAddresses));

	addrs->numrefs = 0;
	addrs->maxrefs = 32;
	addrs->refs = (ObjectAddress *)
		palloc(addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddress));
	addrs->extras = NULL;		/* until/unless needed */

	return addrs;
}

/*
 * Add an entry to an ObjectAddresses array.
 *
 * It is convenient to specify the class by ObjectClass rather than directly
 * by catalog OID.
 */
static void
add_object_address(ObjectClass oclass, Oid objectId, int32 subId,
				   ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	ObjectAddress *item;

	/*
	 * Make sure object_classes is kept up to date with the ObjectClass enum.
	 */
	StaticAssertStmt(lengthof(object_classes) == LAST_OCLASS + 1,
					 "object_classes[] must cover all ObjectClasses");

	/* enlarge array if needed */
	if (addrs->numrefs >= addrs->maxrefs)
	{
		addrs->maxrefs *= 2;
		addrs->refs = (ObjectAddress *)
			repalloc(addrs->refs, addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddress));
		Assert(!addrs->extras);
	}
	/* record this item */
	item = addrs->refs + addrs->numrefs;
	item->classId = object_classes[oclass];
	item->objectId = objectId;
	item->objectSubId = subId;
	addrs->numrefs++;
}

/*
 * Add an entry to an ObjectAddresses array.
 *
 * As above, but specify entry exactly.
 */
void
add_exact_object_address(const ObjectAddress *object,
						 ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	ObjectAddress *item;

	/* enlarge array if needed */
	if (addrs->numrefs >= addrs->maxrefs)
	{
		addrs->maxrefs *= 2;
		addrs->refs = (ObjectAddress *)
			repalloc(addrs->refs, addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddress));
		Assert(!addrs->extras);
	}
	/* record this item */
	item = addrs->refs + addrs->numrefs;
	*item = *object;
	addrs->numrefs++;
}

/*
 * Add an entry to an ObjectAddresses array.
 *
 * As above, but specify entry exactly and provide some "extra" data too.
 */
static void
add_exact_object_address_extra(const ObjectAddress *object,
							   const ObjectAddressExtra *extra,
							   ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	ObjectAddress *item;
	ObjectAddressExtra *itemextra;

	/* allocate extra space if first time */
	if (!addrs->extras)
		addrs->extras = (ObjectAddressExtra *)
			palloc(addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddressExtra));

	/* enlarge array if needed */
	if (addrs->numrefs >= addrs->maxrefs)
	{
		addrs->maxrefs *= 2;
		addrs->refs = (ObjectAddress *)
			repalloc(addrs->refs, addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddress));
		addrs->extras = (ObjectAddressExtra *)
			repalloc(addrs->extras, addrs->maxrefs * sizeof(ObjectAddressExtra));
	}
	/* record this item */
	item = addrs->refs + addrs->numrefs;
	*item = *object;
	itemextra = addrs->extras + addrs->numrefs;
	*itemextra = *extra;
	addrs->numrefs++;
}

/*
 * Test whether an object is present in an ObjectAddresses array.
 *
 * We return "true" if object is a subobject of something in the array, too.
 */
bool
object_address_present(const ObjectAddress *object,
					   const ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	int			i;

	for (i = addrs->numrefs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		const ObjectAddress *thisobj = addrs->refs + i;

		if (object->classId == thisobj->classId &&
			object->objectId == thisobj->objectId)
		{
			if (object->objectSubId == thisobj->objectSubId ||
				thisobj->objectSubId == 0)
				return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

/*
 * As above, except that if the object is present then also OR the given
 * flags into its associated extra data (which must exist).
 */
static bool
object_address_present_add_flags(const ObjectAddress *object,
								 int flags,
								 ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	bool		result = false;
	int			i;

	for (i = addrs->numrefs - 1; i >= 0; i--)
	{
		ObjectAddress *thisobj = addrs->refs + i;

		if (object->classId == thisobj->classId &&
			object->objectId == thisobj->objectId)
		{
			if (object->objectSubId == thisobj->objectSubId)
			{
				ObjectAddressExtra *thisextra = addrs->extras + i;

				thisextra->flags |= flags;
				result = true;
			}
			else if (thisobj->objectSubId == 0)
			{
				/*
				 * We get here if we find a need to delete a column after
				 * having already decided to drop its whole table.  Obviously
				 * we no longer need to drop the subobject, so report that we
				 * found the subobject in the array.  But don't plaster its
				 * flags on the whole object.
				 */
				result = true;
			}
			else if (object->objectSubId == 0)
			{
				/*
				 * We get here if we find a need to delete a whole table after
				 * having already decided to drop one of its columns.  We
				 * can't report that the whole object is in the array, but we
				 * should mark the subobject with the whole object's flags.
				 *
				 * It might seem attractive to physically delete the column's
				 * array entry, or at least mark it as no longer needing
				 * separate deletion.  But that could lead to, e.g., dropping
				 * the column's datatype before we drop the table, which does
				 * not seem like a good idea.  This is a very rare situation
				 * in practice, so we just take the hit of doing a separate
				 * DROP COLUMN action even though we know we're gonna delete
				 * the table later.
				 *
				 * What we can do, though, is mark this as a subobject so that
				 * we don't report it separately, which is confusing because
				 * it's unpredictable whether it happens or not.  But do so
				 * only if flags != 0 (flags == 0 is a read-only probe).
				 *
				 * Because there could be other subobjects of this object in
				 * the array, this case means we always have to loop through
				 * the whole array; we cannot exit early on a match.
				 */
				ObjectAddressExtra *thisextra = addrs->extras + i;

				if (flags)
					thisextra->flags |= (flags | DEPFLAG_SUBOBJECT);
			}
		}
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * Similar to above, except we search an ObjectAddressStack.
 */
static bool
stack_address_present_add_flags(const ObjectAddress *object,
								int flags,
								ObjectAddressStack *stack)
{
	bool		result = false;
	ObjectAddressStack *stackptr;

	for (stackptr = stack; stackptr; stackptr = stackptr->next)
	{
		const ObjectAddress *thisobj = stackptr->object;

		if (object->classId == thisobj->classId &&
			object->objectId == thisobj->objectId)
		{
			if (object->objectSubId == thisobj->objectSubId)
			{
				stackptr->flags |= flags;
				result = true;
			}
			else if (thisobj->objectSubId == 0)
			{
				/*
				 * We're visiting a column with whole table already on stack.
				 * As in object_address_present_add_flags(), we can skip
				 * further processing of the subobject, but we don't want to
				 * propagate flags for the subobject to the whole object.
				 */
				result = true;
			}
			else if (object->objectSubId == 0)
			{
				/*
				 * We're visiting a table with column already on stack.  As in
				 * object_address_present_add_flags(), we should propagate
				 * flags for the whole object to each of its subobjects.
				 */
				if (flags)
					stackptr->flags |= (flags | DEPFLAG_SUBOBJECT);
			}
		}
	}

	return result;
}

/*
 * Record multiple dependencies from an ObjectAddresses array, after first
 * removing any duplicates.
 */
void
record_object_address_dependencies(const ObjectAddress *depender,
								   ObjectAddresses *referenced,
								   DependencyType behavior)
{
	eliminate_duplicate_dependencies(referenced);
	recordMultipleDependencies(depender,
							   referenced->refs, referenced->numrefs,
							   behavior);
}

/*
 * Sort the items in an ObjectAddresses array.
 *
 * The major sort key is OID-descending, so that newer objects will be listed
 * first in most cases.  This is primarily useful for ensuring stable outputs
 * from regression tests; it's not recommended if the order of the objects is
 * determined by user input, such as the order of targets in a DROP command.
 */
void
sort_object_addresses(ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	if (addrs->numrefs > 1)
		qsort((void *) addrs->refs, addrs->numrefs,
			  sizeof(ObjectAddress),
			  object_address_comparator);
}

/*
 * Clean up when done with an ObjectAddresses array.
 */
void
free_object_addresses(ObjectAddresses *addrs)
{
	pfree(addrs->refs);
	if (addrs->extras)
		pfree(addrs->extras);
	pfree(addrs);
}

/*
 * Determine the class of a given object identified by objectAddress.
 *
 * This function is essentially the reverse mapping for the object_classes[]
 * table.  We implement it as a function because the OIDs aren't consecutive.
 */
ObjectClass
getObjectClass(const ObjectAddress *object)
{
	/* only pg_class entries can have nonzero objectSubId */
	if (object->classId != RelationRelationId &&
		object->objectSubId != 0)
		elog(ERROR, "invalid non-zero objectSubId for object class %u",
			 object->classId);

	switch (object->classId)
	{
		case RelationRelationId:
			/* caller must check objectSubId */
			return OCLASS_CLASS;

		case ProcedureRelationId:
			return OCLASS_PROC;

		case TypeRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TYPE;

		case CastRelationId:
			return OCLASS_CAST;

		case CollationRelationId:
			return OCLASS_COLLATION;

		case ConstraintRelationId:
			return OCLASS_CONSTRAINT;

		case ConversionRelationId:
			return OCLASS_CONVERSION;

		case AttrDefaultRelationId:
			return OCLASS_DEFAULT;

		case LanguageRelationId:
			return OCLASS_LANGUAGE;

		case LargeObjectRelationId:
			return OCLASS_LARGEOBJECT;

		case OperatorRelationId:
			return OCLASS_OPERATOR;

		case OperatorClassRelationId:
			return OCLASS_OPCLASS;

		case OperatorFamilyRelationId:
			return OCLASS_OPFAMILY;

		case AccessMethodRelationId:
			return OCLASS_AM;

		case AccessMethodOperatorRelationId:
			return OCLASS_AMOP;

		case AccessMethodProcedureRelationId:
			return OCLASS_AMPROC;

		case RewriteRelationId:
			return OCLASS_REWRITE;

		case TriggerRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TRIGGER;

		case NamespaceRelationId:
			return OCLASS_SCHEMA;

		case StatisticExtRelationId:
			return OCLASS_STATISTIC_EXT;

		case TSParserRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TSPARSER;

		case TSDictionaryRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TSDICT;

		case TSTemplateRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TSTEMPLATE;

		case TSConfigRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TSCONFIG;

		case AuthIdRelationId:
			return OCLASS_ROLE;

		case DatabaseRelationId:
			return OCLASS_DATABASE;

		case TableSpaceRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TBLSPACE;

		case ForeignDataWrapperRelationId:
			return OCLASS_FDW;

		case ForeignServerRelationId:
			return OCLASS_FOREIGN_SERVER;

		case UserMappingRelationId:
			return OCLASS_USER_MAPPING;

		case DefaultAclRelationId:
			return OCLASS_DEFACL;

		case ExtensionRelationId:
			return OCLASS_EXTENSION;

		case EventTriggerRelationId:
			return OCLASS_EVENT_TRIGGER;

		case ParameterAclRelationId:
			return OCLASS_PARAMETER_ACL;

		case PolicyRelationId:
			return OCLASS_POLICY;

		case PublicationNamespaceRelationId:
			return OCLASS_PUBLICATION_NAMESPACE;

		case PublicationRelationId:
			return OCLASS_PUBLICATION;

		case PublicationRelRelationId:
			return OCLASS_PUBLICATION_REL;

		case SubscriptionRelationId:
			return OCLASS_SUBSCRIPTION;

		case TransformRelationId:
			return OCLASS_TRANSFORM;
	}

	/* shouldn't get here */
	elog(ERROR, "unrecognized object class: %u", object->classId);
	return OCLASS_CLASS;		/* keep compiler quiet */
}

/*
 * delete initial ACL for extension objects
 */
static void
DeleteInitPrivs(const ObjectAddress *object)
{
	Relation	relation;
	ScanKeyData key[3];
	SysScanDesc scan;
	HeapTuple	oldtuple;

	relation = table_open(InitPrivsRelationId, RowExclusiveLock);

	ScanKeyInit(&key[0],
				Anum_pg_init_privs_objoid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->objectId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[1],
				Anum_pg_init_privs_classoid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_OIDEQ,
				ObjectIdGetDatum(object->classId));
	ScanKeyInit(&key[2],
				Anum_pg_init_privs_objsubid,
				BTEqualStrategyNumber, F_INT4EQ,
				Int32GetDatum(object->objectSubId));

	scan = systable_beginscan(relation, InitPrivsObjIndexId, true,
							  NULL, 3, key);

	while (HeapTupleIsValid(oldtuple = systable_getnext(scan)))
		CatalogTupleDelete(relation, &oldtuple->t_self);

	systable_endscan(scan);

	table_close(relation, RowExclusiveLock);
}